| 释义 |
unˈclean, a.
Forms: (see clean a.).
[OE. unclǽne: see un-1 7 and clean a.]
1. Morally impure or defiled; unchaste:
a. Of persons.
a900Cynewulf Crist 1017 Woruldmonna seo unclæne ᵹecynd. a1100Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 308 Incestus, unclæne. c1325Spec. Gy Warw. 834 For ȝit wole he noht sinne fle: Iwis, vnclene he shal be. 1340–70Alex. & Dind. 636 Þanne schulle ȝe for ȝour sinne soffre paine, For ȝe unclene bi cleped & cleuen in ȝour sinne. c1440Promp. Parv. 364/2 Onclene, immundus, inpurus. 1490in Somerset Med. Wills (1901) 292 After her deceese, other else that she mary, other leve unclene of her body ayenst the lawes of God. 1526Tindale Eph. v. 5 No whormonger, other vnclene person, or coveteous person. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 240 Quhen he gathiret his vile, vnhonest, maist jmpure, and vncleine secte. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 1098 That this new commer, Shame, There sit not, and reproach us as unclean. 1680Charac. Town-miss (Hindley, III) 8 She becomes a Loathsome thing, too unclean to enter into Heaven. 1738Wesley Ps. v. ii, In Souls unholy and unclean Thou never canst delight. 1755― Jrnl. (1761) III. 5 The fierce, unclean, brutish, blasphemous Antinomians.
absol.1382Wyclif Eccl. ix. 2 Alle thingus euenli comen..to the goode and to the euele, to the clene and to the vnclene. 1535Coverdale Ibid., It goeth..with the good & cleane as with the vncleane. 1569J. Sandford tr. Agrippa's Van. Artes lviii. 83 b, Sinners with the faithfull,..the vncleane with y⊇ cleane.
b. Of thoughts, conduct, etc.
a900Cynewulf Crist 1316 Þær we nu maᵹon..ᵹeseon on ussum sawlum..unclæne inᵹeþoncas. 971Blickl. Hom. 25 Moniᵹe men syndon þe..beoþ besmitene mid þem unclænan firen-luste. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 7208 Vor prustes mid vnclene honden & mid lechors mod Al isoyled sacrieþ godes fless & is blod. a1300Cursor M. 28509, I haf þam wit delt..Wit handling vnhende, kissyng vnclene. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 710 Now haf þay skyfted my skyl & scorned natwre, & henttez þem in heþyng an vsage vn-clene. c1400Prymer 49 From vnclene þouȝtis, lord, deliuere us! c1480Henryson Test. Cres. 285 Thus hir leuing vnclene and Lecherous Scho wald returne on me and my Mother. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 84 b, With elacyon of mynde, or other vycyous and vnclene thoughtes. 1567Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 1 Then sal thay..cause them to put away baudrie & vnclene sangis. 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. i. i. §3 It is mere imposture..to offer to the author of truth the unclean sacrifice of a lie. 1651[see 2]. 1707Watts Hymn, ‘Vain are the Hopes’ i, Their Hearts by Nature [are] all unclean. 1728Pope Dunciad ii. 99 Her servants..List'ning delighted to the jest unclean Of link⁓boys vile. 1781Cowper Tiroc. 735 If thy table be indeed unclean, Foul with excess, and with discourse obscene. 1889R. Buchanan in Contemp. Rev. Dec. 925 Unclean sexual pathology..now threatens the Drama.
2. unclean spirit, a wicked spirit; a demon. Also transf.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Mark i. 26 Se gast unclænæ..of-eode from him. c1000ælfric Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 144 Spiracula, unclænra gasta wunungstow. c1200Ormin 4635 Forr deofell iss unnclene gast, & lufeþþ unnclænnesse. 1382Wyclif Mark i. 23 In the synagoge of hem was a man in an vnclene spirit. a1400New Test. (Paues) Acts v. 16 Hem þat wore traueiled wiþ vnclene spirittes. [1534Tindale Luke iv. 33 A man which had a sprete of an vncleane devell.] 1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. xii. 56 b, Whan the vnclene spirite is gone out of a man. 1651Hobbes Leviath. i. viii. 38 The spirit of man, when it produceth unclean actions, is ordinarily called an unclean spirit. 1727De Foe Syst. Magic. i. ii. (1840) 53 A cage of devils, and as the text calls them, unclean spirits. 1861Paley æschylus (ed. 2) Supplices 637 note, Hence µιάστωρ became a general term for an unclean spirit, or evil genius. 1870Dickens E. Drood i, He has to withdraw himself to a lean arm-chair..until he has got the better of this unclean spirit of imitation.
3. Of animals: Regarded as defiled or impure, and esp. as unfit to be eaten on that account. Hence also of food.
c900tr. Baeda's Hist. i. xxvii. (1890) 80 Mid þy seo æ moniᵹ þing bewereð to etanne swa swa unclæne. a1000Colloq. ælfric in Wr.-Wülcker 93 Hwæt ᵹif hit unclæne beoþ fixas? Ic utwyrpe þa unclænan ut, & ᵹenime me clæne to mete. a1300Cursor M. 1960, I warn yow als-sua all be-deine Ete o na best o kind vn-clene. 1382Wyclif Lev. xi. 8 Ne towche ȝe the careyns, for thei ben vnclene to ȝow. c1400Destr. Troy 11185 Let hir bones with baret abide in this aire, As a caren vncleane, for hir curst dedis. 1535Coverdale Hosea ix. 3 But Ephraim..eateth vncleane thinges amonge the Assirians. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxviii. §1 They are Dogges, swine, vncleane beasts. 1604E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies vii. ii. 497 They hunted..vncleane beasts, as snakes, lizards, locusts and wormes. 1671Milton P.R. ii. 328 Nor mention I Meats by the Law unclean, or offer'd first To Idols. 1796H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) I. 347 Why are those animals pronounced unclean? 1841Lane Arab. Nts. I. 18 The distinctions of clean and unclean meats. 1854Badham Halieut. 61 The remarkable Divine interdict obliging the Jews to abstain from certain fish as unclean. 1864Pusey Lect. Daniel (1876) 322 Eating of unclean food.
b. In general use: Ceremonially impure.
c1200Ormin 1712 He wass unnclene þohh Þatt daȝȝ anan till efenn. c1250Gen. & Ex. 1867 Aȝte unclene ne wulde he beren, for he dredde him it sulde him deren. a1300Cursor M. 19932 Nu wit sight i haf it sene Þat o man-kind es nan vnclene. 1382Wyclif Lev. xii. 2 She shal be vnclene seuen dayes. c1450Mirk's Festial 57 A woman þat was delyuerde of a man-chyld sculd be holden vnclene by þe lawe vii dayes aftyr hur burth. 1535Coverdale Lev. xi. 38 Whan there is water poured vpon the sede, and afterwarde eny soch deed carcase falleth theron, then shall it be vncleane vnto you. 1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Jack a Lent Wks. 119/1, I hold it a conscience to abstaine from flesh-eating in Lent: not that I thinke it to bee vncleane to the cleane. 1643Caryl Expos. Job I. 1326 The uncleanness of the giver renders his gift unclean. 1836J. H. Newman Par. Serm. (ed. 2) II. xxi. 335 The Gentiles were no longer common or unclean. 1855Pusey Doctr. Real Presence Note S. 429 But if he who is merely unclean..has so fearful a judgment, how much more will he, who is in sin,..draw upon himself a more dreadful punishment!
transf.1880M. E. Braddon Just as I am xxvii, Avonmore is one of the genteelest towns in England. There is positively nothing common or unclean in it.
4. Not physically clean; dirty, filthy, foul. Of the tongue: Coated with fur.
a1250Owl & Night. 91 Þu art lodlich & vnclene Bi þine neste ich hit mene. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 8969 Is þis wel ido Þat þou þes vnclene limes handlest & kust so? 1390Gower Conf. I. 179 For who so wole his handes lime, Thei mosten be the more unclene. a1400Octavian 885 Clement broght forthe schylde and spere, That were uncomely for to were, Alle sutty, blakk, and unclene. 1440J. Shirley Dethe K. James (1818) 17 The Kyng..cryed..that they shuld cume with shettes, and drawe hym up owt of that uncleyne place of the privay. 1552Huloet, Vncleane,..Loke in filthy and fowle. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. iii. iii. 36 To cast away honestie vppon a foule slut, were to put good meate into an vncleane dish. 1609Dekker Gull's Horn-bk. iii. 14 To carry away all noisome filth that is swept out of vncleane corners. 1683Burnet tr. More's Utopia 92 Nor do they suffer any thing that is foul or unclean to be brought within their Towns. 1800Med. Jrnl. IV. 423 As soon as they see an unclean tongue, an emetic is pronounced unquestionably necessary. 1864Hazlitt in E.P.P. III. 131 The moist and unclean thumbs of a wide circle of readers. 1898Westm. Gaz. 12 May 5/2 A common way of introducing it to the system is by the use of an unclean instrument.
absol.1382Wyclif Ecclus. xxxiv. 4 Of the vnclene what shal ben clensid?
†b. Of air or smells: Foul, impure. Obs.
c1400Destr. Troy 1639 The clowdes hom clede in vnclene ayre. c1440Pallad. on Husb. i. 35 Al this is preef of holsum aier and clene, And ther as is contrair is aier vnclene. Ibid. iv. 971 From bathes aliene, vnclene odure,..auyse Thee wel to been.
c. Of land: Foul with weeds, etc. rare—1.
c1440Pallad. on Husb. ii. 74 The lond vnclene al doluen up mot be, Of rootis, fern, & weed, to mak hit fre.
d. Of fish: In an unhealthy or unwholesome condition.
1861Act 24–5 Vict. c. 109 §14 No Person shall..wilfully take any unclean or unseasonable Salmon. 1883Standard 13 Jan. 3/6 Summoned for being in the possession of five unclean salmon. |