| 释义 |
graver|ˈgreɪvə(r)|
Also 5 gravowre.
[f. grave v.1 + -er1. Cf. F. graveur (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).]
†1. One who digs or digs up (turf). Obs.
1483Cath. Angl. 163/2 A Graver, cespitator, cultor, fossor. 1610Assessment Wages Norf. in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1898) XIII. 524 A graver of Flaggs & Turfes vd.
2. One who carves or engraves.
†a. A sculptor.
c1430Freemasonry 504 Gravers and ymage-makers. 1430–40Lydg. Bochas ii. xv. (1494) h j b, Callicrates a grauer moost notable Of white yuor..His hande his iye so iuste were and so stable Of an ampte to graue out the lykenesse. c1440Promp. Parv. 208/2 Gravowre, sculptor. a1533Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. iv. (1536) 7 b, Romulus..honoured greatly grauers in stone. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. ii. viii. 42 Sonnes of Antherme the most renowned carver and graver of Images. 1601Holland Pliny II. 564 A cutter and grauer in marble. 1628Cowley Piramus & Th. xxiv, Just like a Marble Statue did he stand Cut by some skilful Graver's artful hand.
b. = engraver 1. Now rare.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvi. ix. (Tollem. Ms.), Grauers use þe peces þerof to signe and to þurle preciouse stones. 1483Cath. Angl. 163/2 A Gravere (A. Graver of wode or metelle), celator, sculptor. 1564–78W. Bullein Dial. agst. Pest. (1886) 25 A liuely grauer of Seales. 1623B. Jonson in Shaks. Wks. To Rdr., Wherein the Grauer had a strife with Nature, to out-doo the life. a1674Clarendon Hist. Reb. xiv. §70 He had lately imploy'd a Graver to prepare a Great Seal. 1762–71H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) I. 164 Cellini being rather a sculptor than a graver. 1859C. Barker Assoc. Princ. ii. 49 The piety..of our early gravers, enchasers, and designers.
3. A tool.
a. A cutting or shaving tool of any kind.
†b. A sculptor's chisel.
c. An engraver's tool; a burin. (Now the principal use.)
d. ‘An instrument used for turning iron after it has been roughed out by the heel-tool’ (Ogilvie).
†e. ‘A Barber Chirurgeons Instrument for the taking Scales off from the Teeth’ (Phillips 1678).
a.1548Elyot Dict., Scobina, an instrument that bowiers vse to shaue their bowes with called a grauer. 1703Moxon Mech. Exerc. 217 The Tool, which is commonly a Graver. 1714Gay Fan i. 134 Some work the File, and Some the Graver guide. 1836Sir G. Head Home Tour 182 As the cylinder revolved, the graver, or cutting tool was fixed.
b.1636B. Jonson Discov., Virorum schola respub. (1640) 128 What figure of a Body was Lysippus ever able to forme with his Graver..?
c.1662Evelyn Chalcogr. i. 9 The Burin (for so they [the French] tearm the Instrument which we [call] the Graver). 1763H. Walpole Catal. Engrav. (1765) 83 George White afterwards made use of the graver for forming the black spot in eyes, and sharpening the light. 1812–16J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 38 With a graver, or some finely pointed steel instrument, draw a line upon the plate. 1889J. Hirst in Archaeol. Inst. Jrnl. No. 181. 29 Thick feathers delicately finished with a graver. |