| 释义 |
▪ I. † greet, n.1 Obs.
[f. greet v.1]
The action of greet v.1; a greeting.
c1590Greene Fr. Bacon ix. 205 Let me that joy in these consorting greets..Yield thanks for all these favours to my son. a1616Beaumont Sonnet Poems (1640) 4 The broken marrow bone is sweet, The token doth adorn the greet. a1634Randolph De Magnete 64 Poems (1638) 31 She dares goe forth alone..and with a winning greet The tumour of his high swolne breast asswage.
▪ II. greet, n.2 Obs. exc. Sc.|griːt|
Also 3–4 gret, 3–6 grete, 5 greit, 6 greete.
[f. greet v.2]
1. Weeping, lamentation; also, a cry of sorrow.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 3888, xxx. daiȝes ðat folc in wep Wið bedes, and gret, and teres wep. a1300Cursor M. 14008 Þar-wit sco fell on suilk a grete. 13..Sir Beues (A.) 3129 Iosian..spak to hire wiþ loude gret. c1420Anturs of Arth. 324 (Douce MS.) With a grisly grete Þe goste a-wey glides. c1480Henryson Orpheus 139 in Bannatyne MS. (Hunter. Club) 927 Now weip with me..And all thy game thow change in gole and greit. 1513Douglas æneis xii. ii. 49 Persew me nocht thus with ȝour grete and teris. 1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. Aug. 66 Per. Well decked in a frocke of gray. Wil. Hey, ho, gray is greete [Gloss. weeping and complaint]. 1591Greene Maiden's Dream iv, A golden hind..Whose valed eares bewraid her inward greet. a1650Sir Lambewell 61 in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 146 Sobbing & greet. a1801R. Gall Poems (1819) 76 The widow's greet, the baby's cry He winna lout to hear. 1898Bullock Mem. Congreg. Ch. Aberdeen viii. 101 His admonitions were not the less powerful though given with ‘the greet in his throat’.
†2. A prayer or entreaty. Obs. rare—1.
c1400Destr. Troy 2757 Þai grauntid the grete with a glad chere.
▪ III. greet, v.1|griːt|
Forms: 1 grœ́tan, grétan, (3 græten, 3 Orm. gretenn, 4 greten), 3–5 grete, (5 greth, gretyn), 6–7 greete, 6– greet. Imper. 4 gret. pa. tense (2 greite), 3–5, 7 gret, 3–6 grett(e, 5 grete, (6 gryte), 6– greeted. pa. pple. 3 gret, (igrette), 4 grett, (5 greet), 8– greeted.
[Com. WGer.: OE. grœ́tan wk. vb., corresponds to OFris. grêta, OS. grôtian (Du. groeten), OHG. gruoȥȥan (MHG. grüeȥen, mod.G. grüszen):—WGer. *grôtjan, related to *grôto-z, *grôtâ n. (MHG. gruoȥ, mod.G. grusz masc.; MDu. groet masc. and fem., Du. groet masc.).
The primary sense is uncertain; the senses of early occurrence in continental Teut. are ‘to approach’, ‘to call upon’, ‘to provoke or compel to action’, ‘to attack’, ‘to irritate, annoy’, ‘to address, salute’, In mod.Ger. and Du. as in Eng. the sense ‘salute’ has become the prominent one, such other senses as survive being now apprehended as transferred from this. (The n., which may be only a back-formation, expresses the action of the vb. in all senses.) The ultimate etymology is equally uncertain with the radical meaning; many scholars refer the word to OAryan *ghrōd-: ghrēd- to resound (see greet v.2), on which supposition the primary sense should be ‘to call on’; another view is that the Teut. root *grôt- is an extension of the root which appears in Gr. as χρᾱ̆ with the sense ‘to approach closely, touch’, etc.]
†1. trans. In various senses which did not survive beyond OE.: To approach, come up to; to begin upon, begin to treat or handle, take in hand. Obs.
a700Epinal Gloss. 210 Convenio, groetu vel adjuro. [c950Lindisf. Gosp. Luke viii. 28 Þætte ðu mec ne ᵹegoroeta (ne me torqueas).] c1000Endowments of Men 49 in Exeter Bk., Sum mid hondum mæᵹ hearpan gretan. c1000Soul & Body 139 Ðeah ðe wyrmas ᵹyt ᵹifre gretaþ. c1000ælfric Gram. ix. (Z.) 49 On scortne as ᵹeendiað grecisce naman, ac we ne gretað nu ða.
†2. To assail, attack. Obs. (After 15th c. prob. only as a transferred or ironical use of sense 3.)
Beowulf (Z.) 3080 Þæt he ne grette gold-weard þone. c893K. ælfred Oros. v. ii. §2 Siþan wæs eallum þæm oþrum swa micel eᵹe from him þæt hi hiene leng gretan ne dorstan. a1000Cædmon's Gen. 1755 (Gr.) Gif ðe æniᵹ eorðbuendra mid wean greteð. c1300Havelok 1811 Wit þe barre so he him grette. 13..K. Alis. 3789 A duyk of Perce sone he mette With his launce he him grette. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 18 Harald of Donesmore vppon Done him mette Vibrand..with suerd so him grette, Þat þorghout his armes Wibrand alle to hewe. c1440Ipomydon 1140 Ipomydon so Campanus grette, That knyght and stede..Felle on hepe, in mydde the place. [1594Marlowe Edw. II, i. iv. 266 How easily might some base slave be suborn'd To greet his lordship with a poniard. 1880J. O'Hagan Song of Roland ccxxviii, I will him body to body greet, Give him the lie with my brand of steel.]
3. To accost or address with the expressions of goodwill or courtesy usual on meeting; to offer in speech or writing to (a person) the expression of one's own or another's friendly or polite regard. Now only literary. † Formerly often to greet (a person) fair, friendly, well.
Beowulf 614 Cwen..grette..guman on healle. c1000Ags. Gosp. Mark xv. 18 Ongunnon hine þus gretan hal wes þu iudea cyning. c1175Lamb. Hom. 121 Þet folc..hine greite and cleopede king on bismer. c1205[see fair adv. 2]. a1300Cursor M. 4339 Quen he had hir hend-li gret. c1325Lay le Freine 257 The abbesse and the nonnes alle, Fair him gret in the gest-halle. c1380Sir Ferumb. 2170 Go forth..& gret wel my doȝtre dere. c1410Love Bonavent. Mirr. iv. (Gibbs MS.), What tyme þat oure blessed lady grette Elizabeth. c1470Henry Wallace v. 974 Rycht gudlye he with humylness him gret. 1553Q. Mary in Strype Eccl. Mem. III. App. i. 3 We grete you well. 1603Shakes. Meas. for M. iv. v. 13 There's other of our friends Will greet vs heere anon. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), To Greet (old Word), to salute. 1742Blair To W. Law 115 If..thou greets Heaven's King, and shoutest through the..streets. 1794Sir W. Jones Instit. Hindu Law ii. §132 The wife of his brother..must be saluted every day; but his paternal and maternal kinswomen need only be greeted on his return from a journey. 1805Scott Last Minstr. i. xxii, Greet the Father well from me. 1866G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. xxix. (1878) 501, I had passed Jane Rodgers..and having just greeted her, had gone on.
fig.1590Spenser F.Q. i. ii. 19 He, tumbling doune alive With bloudy mouth his mother earth did kis, Greeting his grave. 1601Weever Mirr. Mart. E v, With neare embracements Weeuer, Mersey met, And both together th' Irish Seas they gret. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. ii. iv. 62 Not a friend greet My poore corpes.
b. absol.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 2864 God..of israel ðe bode sente, and greteð wel, ðat, bi ði leue, hise folc vt-fare. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. i. i. 90 There greete in silence as the dead are wont. 1591― 1 Hen. VI, iv. iii. 42 Away, vexation almost stoppes my breath, That sundred friends greete in the hour of death. 1700Dryden Pal. & Arc. ii. 191 None greets, for none the greeting will return.
c. To salute with words or gestures; transf. to receive at meeting or arrival with some speech or action (whether friendly or otherwise) in lieu of salutation.
a1000Juliana 164 in Exeter Bk., Hy þa se æðeling grette..bliþum wordum. a1225Ancr. R. 430 Greteð þe lefdi mid one Aue Marie. a1300Cursor M. 15014 Ald and yong, bath less and mare, Wit a word alle him grett. c1440J. Capgrave Life St. Kath. iii. 1444 My sone gretheth yow now wyth his good blyssyng. 1450–1530Myrr. our Ladye 78 When he gryte her with thys Aue. 1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie i. xxvi. (Arb.) 67 The same Musicians..greeted them with a Psalme of new applausions. 1703Rowe Fair Penit. i. i. 252 The Gifts With which I greet the Man whom my Soul hates. 1835W. Irving Tour Prairies 58 Our arrival at the camp was greeted with acclamation. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop xvi, The merry man was the first to greet the strangers with a nod. 1852Tennyson Ode Wellington 21 No more in soldier fashion will he greet With lifted hand the gazer in the street. 1868― Lucretius 7 The woman..ran To greet him with a kiss.
†d. To honour (a person) with a gift. Obs.
a1225Leg. Kath. 798 To beon mid gold & gersum igrette. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. v. 187 He that repenteth rathest schulde arysen aftur And greten sir Gloten with a galun of ale.
†e. In Spenser: to offer congratulations on (an achievement, etc.); const. unto or dat.
1596Spenser F.Q. v. iii. 14 Thether also came..Florimell..To greet his guerdon unto every knight. Ibid. 15 Florimell..goodly gan to greet his brave emprise. Ibid. xi. 15 She towards him in hast her selfe did draw To greet him the good fortune of his hand.
f. Of cries, demonstrations: To be addressed to or evoked by (a person or incident), to ‘hail’.
1874Green Short Hist. viii. §3. 487 Shouts of assent greeted the resolution.
†g. To gratify, please. Obs.
a1592Greene Jas. IV, i. i, You greet me well if so you will her good. 1608Shakes. Per. iv. 38, I finde It greets mee as an enterprize of kindnesse performd to your sole daughter.
4. To receive or meet with demonstrations of welcome.
1605Shakes. Lear v. i. 54 We will greet the time. c1611Chapman Iliad xxiv. 152 Let him greet alone The Grecian nauie. 1682Tate Abs. & Achit. ii. 628 Who..greet thy landing with a trembling joy. 1786Burns To Mountain Daisy 11 The bonnie Lark..Wi' spreckl'd breast, When upward-springing, blythe, to greet The purpling east. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. iii. II. 295 The cavalcade..was greeted two miles from the city by the bishop and clergy. 1855Ibid. xii. III. 242 The whole population..came to the shore to greet them.
†b. intr. To meet with. Obs.
1599Massinger, etc. Old Law i. i, You have a Lodge, sir, So far remote from way of passengers That seldome any mortall eye does greet with it.
5. Of a thing: To present itself to. Now only of sights or sounds: To meet (the eye, ear).
1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 43 The Sea on one side greets its Marble Walls. 1871Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. xviii. 160 The pageant which had greeted his eyes as he entered Le Mans. 1872Jenkinson Guide Eng. Lakes (1879) 307 A wide extent of sea greets the eye.
▪ IV. greet, v.2 Now only Sc. and north. dial.|griːt|
Forms: 1 grétan, gréotan, 3–5 grete, 4–5 gret, 4–6 greete, 6 grate, griet, 6–7 greit, 7– greet. pa. tense 3–5 gret(t, 4 grete, 5 grette; 3, 5–9 grat. β. 5 gretid. pa. pple. 3 graten, i-groten, 4 greten, 5 gret, 9 grutten.
[Two distinct but synonymous words have here coalesced: (1) OE. grǽtan (only in Anglian form grétan), presumably a redupl. str. vb. with pa. tense *grét, pa. pple. *grǽten (a wk. pa. pple. occurs once in the pl. begrétte), corresp. to OS. grátan (only once in pa. tense griat, v.r. griot) to weep, MHG. graȥen (wk.) to cry out, rage, storm, ON. gráta, pa. tense grét (Sw. gråta, Da. græde), Goth. grêtan, pa. tense gaigrôt:—OTeut. *græ̂tan, f. OAryan root *ghrēd-: ghrōd- found also in Skr. hrād to resound (cf. greet v.1); (2) OE. gréotan (pa. tense *gréat, *gruton, pa. pple. *groten) = OS. griotan, greotan; possibly evolved from a pa. tense of the redupl. vb. grǽtan; possibly a compound with prefix *ga- of the synonymous str. vb. found in OE. as réotan. Prof. Sievers suggests that both vbs. may descend from a common pre-Teut. root *ghrēud-, the long diphthong being differentiated into Teut. æ̂ and eu.
The gloss ‘mereo [= mæreo], groeto’ in the Corpus Glossary is difficult to explain; most prob. groeto is simply miswritten for gréto (or gréoto) owing to confusion with greet v.1]
1. intr. To weep, cry, lament, grieve; † rarely said of the eyes.
Beowulf 1342 Þeᵹne moneᵹum se þe æfter sinc-gyfan on sefan greoteþ. c725Corpus Gloss. 1305 Mereo, groeto. a900Cynewulf Crist 991 Beornas gretað. a1000Sal. & Sat. 376 (Gr.) Heo..sceall oft..greotan. c1250Gen. & Ex. 2341 So e gret, ðat alle hise wlite wurð teres wet. a1300Cursor M. 15006 Almast for ioi þai grette. a1340Hampole Psalter lv. 13 The eghen may grete. 1375Barbour Bruce iii. 347 At leve-takyng the ladyis gret, And mak thar face with teris wet. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xi. 46 Petre grette full tenderly, when he had forsaken Criste. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 570 Þe childe was sary and þerfore grett. 1549Compl. Scot. vi. 39 The turtil began for to greit, quhen the cuschet ȝoulit. 1557Tottell's Misc. (Arb.) 252 Graunt grace to him that grates therfore with sea of saltish brine. 1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. Apr. 1 Tell me, good Hobbinoll. what garres thee greete? 1632Brome North. Lasse v. vi. Wks. 1873 III. 93 I'le near greet for that sir, while I have your love. 1714Ramsay Elegy J. Cowper 1, I wairn ye a' to greet and drone. 1791Burns ‘There'll Never be Peace’ iii, My seven braw sons for Iamie drew sword, And now I greet round their green beds in the yerd. 1824Scott Redgauntlet let. xi, Dougal..neither grat not graned. 1889Barrie Window in Thrums 174 ‘Leely’, said Jamie, ‘dinna greet, an' I'll never do't again’. 1893Stevenson Catriona 109, I sat down and grat like a bairn.
b. with cognate obj. To shed (tears).
c1300Havelok 285 For hire was mani a ter i-groten. 1450–70Golagros & Gaw. 1141 The king..Grat mony salt tere. c1460Towneley Myst. xxviii. 331 The teres thou grett when thou rasid lazare. 1719Ramsay Richy & Sandy 43 Hing down ye'r heads, ye hills, greet out ye'r springs.
†2. trans. To weep for, lament, bewail. Obs.
a900Cynewulf Crist 1571 Hu þa wom-sceaþan hyra ealdᵹestreon..sare greten. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 15613 For þyng þat þou hast greten sore. a1340Hampole Psalter lx. 2 Whils i grete my syn.
†3. intr. To cry or call out in supplication or in anger. Const. after, on, upon, till, to. Obs.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 3659 He greten up-on moysen, And he to god made his bi-men. a1300Cursor M. 15624 To-quils he lai in orisun, he wit [Fairf. til, Trin. on] his fader grett. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 148, I am Thomas ȝour hope, to whom ȝe crie & grete. c1410Lydg. Life Our Lady xvi. (? 1484) c iv, Where as she sat in hir oratorye With herte ententyf..Grete to god and all hir ful mynde. 1513Douglas æneis viii. Prol. 34 The gud wyffe gruling befor God gretis eftir grace.
†4. To beseech (a person) with tears. Obs. rare.
1562A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) i, 224 Greting grit God to grant thy Grace gude ȝeir.
▪ V. greet
obs. and dial. form of grit.
▪ VI. greet(e
obs. form of great a. |