| 释义 |
▪ I. grieve, n.|griːv|
Forms: (sense 1) 1 grœ́fa, 4 Sc. greff, 6, 8, greve, 7 greeve, 7–9 greave; Sc. (sense 2) 6 greif, greive, 8– grieve, (9 greeve).
[The Sc. and northern grieve (greve) is the normal repr. of ONorthumb. grœ́fa = WS. ᵹeréfa (see reeve). The later forms under 1 a are literary adaptations of the OE. term, prob. under the influence of the northern word. Cf. grave n.3]
1. a. A governor of a province, town, etc. Now only Hist. = sheriff. †b. = grave n.3 Obs.
a.c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxviii. 14 Gif ðis ᵹehered bið from ðen groefa [Rushw. ᵹeroefe] we ᵹe-trewað him. Ibid. Mark xv. 5 Se hælend..noht ᵹeondsuarede suæ þætte þæt he woere awundrad se groefa [Rushw. groefa]. [c1180Leg. Edw. Conf. in Thorpe Laws I. 456 Greve autem nomen est potestatis; apud nos autem nichil melius videtur esse quam prefectura. Est enim multiplex nomen; greve enim dicitur de scira, de wapentagiis, de hundredo, de burgis, de villis.] a1400Burgh Laws xix. (Sc. Stat. I), Þe borow greff [orig. præpositus]. 1629Dekker Lond. Tempe (Percy Soc.) 42 In the time of Edward Confessor, the chiefe ruler of the citty was called Reeve, Greeve, or Portreeve. 1708Termes de la Ley 374 Greve, Præpositus, is a word of Authority and signifies as much as Comes or Vicecomes. 1844Lingard Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1845) II. xiv. 346 The instrument states..that the bishop, with the aid of the greave or sheriff, should extirpate all heathenish superstitions.
b.1537Par. Acc. Ecclesfield, Boroyd off our lady grevys to y⊇ bell castyng, xxs. Off y⊇ same grevys to y⊇ Organs, &c. vjs. viijd. 1607in Morehouse Kirkburton & Graveship of Holme 137 Against which day the Greave did command all the inhabitants of Austonley to appear the tyme above said.
2. Sc. and north. The overseer, manager, or head-workman on a farm; a farm-bailiff. (See also quot. 1893.)
c1480Henryson in Bannatyne MS. (Hunter. Club) 151 This awstrene greif answerit angirly, For thy cramping thow salt baith cruke and cowre. 1513Douglas æneis xiii. Prol. 161 Tyte on his hynis gaif the greif a cry, Awaik on fut, go till our husbandry. 1595Duncan App. Etymol. (E.D.S.), Magister, villæ vel pagi, a greiue. 1721Kelly Scot. Prov. 5 A good Grieve is better than an ill Worker. 1799J. Robertson Agric. Perth 361 There is a number of grieves, inspectors and overseers appointed in every little district. 1814Scott Diary 6 Aug. in Lockhart, He has got a ploughman from Scotland who acts as grieve. 1842H. Stephens Bk. Farm (1851) II. 611/2 The grieve's time may be fully occupied elsewhere. 1868Perthsh. Jrnl. 18 June, The Grieve on Westhall will show the Farm. 1893Northumbld. Gloss., Greeve, Grieve, an overseer, an under⁓steward. It is generally applied to a resident agent who has charge of property in his locality.
▪ II. grieve, v.|griːv|
Forms: 3–6 greve, (4 greven, grevye, grevi, greife), 4–5 gref, 4–6 grewe, 5 grevyn, grefe, 5–6 Sc. greif(f, 4–7 greeve, (7 grive), 6– grieve.
[a. F. grever:—popular L. *grevāre (see grief a.) = class. L. gravāre, f. gravis heavy, grave a.]
†1. trans. To press heavily upon, as a weight; to burden. Only in pass. Obs.
1340Ayenb. 260 Nimeþ ye hede þet youre herten ne by ygreued ne y-charged of glotounie ne of dronkehede. 1382Wyclif Matt. xxvi. 43 And eftsone he came, and foonde hem slepynge; forsothe her eȝen weren greued. ― 1 Tim. v. 16 If ony feithful man hath widewis, vndir mynistre he to hem, that the chirche be not greuyd.
†b. To make heavy. Obs. rare—1.
1382Wyclif 1 Macc. viii. 31 Whi hast thou greeuyd [L. gravasti] thy ȝock vpon oure freendis?
†2. Of persons: To harass, trouble, vex, gall by hostile action; to oppress; to do wrong, hurt, or harm to. Obs.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 11815 Clerkes..þat hulde wiþ sir simon, he greuede manion. a1300Cursor M. 4076 (Gött.) Enuye þai had til him sua strang, Þai soght him ay to greue with wrang. 1340Ayenb. 39 Þe ualse playneres þet makeþ þe ualse bezechinges and zecheþ þe ualse..wytnesses..uor to greui oþren. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. x. 204 Alle that lakketh vs or lyeth vs oure lorde techeth vs to louye And nouȝt to greuen hem that greueth vs. c1400Mandeville (1839) xxi. 229 Als long as ȝee ben bounden to gedere..in Loue, in Trouthe, & in gode Accord no man schall ben of powere to greue ȝou. a1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 101 To vse and kepe honeste lyf, and to loue and kepe in ryght his peple, and not greue them as Roboam dyd. c1450Merlin 186 Moche thei greved the hethen peple with alle theire power. 1512Act 4 Hen. VIII, c. 1 §1 Nother pile blokhouse ne Bulwork is made to greve or annoye theym at their landyng. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. xlvii. 68 The whiche garyson hadde greuyd sore the towne of Cambray. 1559Mirr. Mag., Owen Glendour xiv, To greve our foe he quyckely to me sent Twelve thousand Frenchmen. 1616R. C. Times' Whistle iv. 1506 What will he doe to thee, which seekst to grieve With an oppressours hand the innocent! 1651Hobbes Leviath. i. iv. 13 Seeing nature hath armed living creatures, some with teeth, some with horns, and some with hands, to grieve an enemy, it is but an abuse of Speech, to grieve him with the tongue.
absol.a1300Cursor M. 7233 Þare es nan sa gret mai greif Als traitur dern and priue theif. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xii. 134 Loue is a lykynge thyng, and loth for to greue.
†b. Of non-personal agents: To bring trouble or harm to (a person); to cause damage to (a thing). Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 7072 Þat werre þat greued al bath ner and ferr. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 71 Our fredom that day for euer toke þe leue, For Harald it went away, his falshed did vs greue. 1390Gower Conf. II. 215 He shall wel finde his covetise Shall sore greve him ate laste. c1440York Myst. xxii. 54 Þer was neuere dede þat euere he dide þat greued hym warre. 1481Caxton Myrr. ii. xxxi. 127 Adam was deceyued by thapple that he ete, whiche greued alle humayne lignage. 1542Lam. & Piteous Treat. in Harl. Misc. (Malham) I. 235 That no tempeste of the see maye once vexe, greue, or trouble enye ship. 1574tr. Littleton's Tenures 94 a, A disseisin and discent yt is matter in dede shal not so grieve him yt was disseised when he was out of the realme.
†3. To do bodily hurt or harm to (a person); to injure (a thing) materially. Obs.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) App. X. 6 Her liþ kenelm of his heuede bireued Þat þoru his soster & þe stiward so was igreued. c1340Cursor M. 20960 (Fairf.) Þe nedder of venum þat was strange noȝt him greued wiþ hir stange. 1390Gower Conf. III. 115 There [i.e. Egypt] no stormy weder falleth, Which mighte greve man or beste. c1420Pallad. on Husb. iv. 24 Whan tyme is hoot, putte on hem [vines] softe at eue Good water oft, that they may ete and drinke, And bolde hem vppon hoot, that myght hem greue. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 213/1 She..lete make a strong poyson and gaf it to hir brother But god kepte hym yt it neuer greuyd hym. a1550Christis Kirke Gr. xv, They girnit and lait gird with grainis, Ilk gossip uder grievit. 1610J. Guillim Heraldry i. viii. 34 Alwaies (saith Sir John Froysard) by right of Armes a man ought to grieue his Enemy. 1810Scott Lady of L. ii. ix, The graceful foliage storms may reave, The noble stem they cannot grieve.
†b. absol. To be materially hurtful or harmful.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. vii. xviii. (1495) 235 Colde thynges greue, and heete helpe yf the teeres comen of out⁓warde cause. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §20 There be diuers maner of wedes, as thistyls, kedlokes, dockes..these be they that greue mooste. 1577J. Northbrooke Dicing (1843) 39 As manye things are necessarie and needefull in man's lyfe, so taking in excesse and out of season annoy and grieue much.
†4. To cause bodily discomfort or pain to (a person); to affect with pain or disease. Obs.
a1225Ancr. R. 422 Hwon ȝe beoð i-leten blod, ȝe ne schulen don no þing, þeo þreo dawes, þet ou greue. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 105/147 Euere sat þis Maide stille; it [the torture] ne greuede hire no-þing. a1300Cursor M. 11734 Lauerd, þis es a mikel hete, It greues vs, it es sua grete. Ibid. 15657 Þair eien war greued sua wit grete. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Paulus 759 His breth hym grewit mar & mare. c1400Mandeville (1839) ii. 11 That the Smelle scholde not greve men that wenten forby. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4120 Þe same bolnyng þan him greued. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 70 b/1 He had so moche heere on his heed that it greuyd hym to bere. 1533Elyot Cast. Helthe (1541) 1 Helth..is the state of the body, wherein we be neyther greved with peyne, nor lette from doinge our necessary businesse. 1544T. Phaer Regim. Life (1545) F vij, Somtymes it [the liver] is greued by bloud into [read in to] moche aboundance, or by cholerik humours. 1572J. Bossewell Armourie iii. 17 This manner of Shooe..greueth not, or vexeth the wearer thereof on his feete. 1589Cogan Haven Health cxciv. (1636) 177 Cholerick fumes, which both inflame the body and grieve the head. 1592West 1st Pt. Symbol. §102 A, Al maner of diseases, griefes and sorances wherewith the said H. is now infected, grieued or trobled in y⊇ raines, bladder [etc.]. [1781Cowper Conversat. 600 A Christian's wit is inoffensive light, A beam that aids but never grieves the sight.]
absol.a1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 13 It is a blessed thinge to faste, for the more harme it dothe the faster, the more is the merit..for, and the fast greued not, hit were not merit.
5. To affect with grief or deep sorrow. † Formerly, in wider sense: to vex, trouble, or oppress mentally; to cause pain, anxiety, or vexation to; to annoy.
a1225Ancr. R. 236 Ȝif þe ueonde mid fondunge greueð þe sore, þu greuest him hwon þu etstondest a þusend siðe more. a1300Cursor M. 2920 (Cott.) Abraham went him on þe morn To þat sted..And sagh þat [= what] can him sare greue. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. v. 79 His grase and his good hap greueþ me ful sore. a1400Morte Arth. 2538 ‘Sir’, sais syr Gawayne, ‘so me Gode helpe! Siche glaue⁓rande gomes greues me bot lyttille!’ c1430Hymns Virg. 72 Ȝougþe staale from me; þat soore me greuis; Age steeleþ on me boþe day and nyȝte. 1525Ld. Berners Froiss. II. clx. [clvi.] 439 This synne greued greatly the conscience of the duke of Irelande. a1533― Huon xcv. 309 Y⊇ losse of his good horse greuyth hym more than the losse of all his men. 1573G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 3, I had cause to be greeved at it. 1611Bible John xxi. 17 Peter was grieued [Gr. ἐλυπήθη], because he said vnto him the third time, Louest thou me? ― Eph. iv. 30 Grieue not [Gr. µὴ λυπεῖτε] the holy Spirit of God. 1667Milton P.L. ii. 887 Griev'd at his heart, when looking down he saw The whole Earth fill'd with violence. 1712Lady M. W. Montagu Lett. (1861) I. 200 People are seldom very much grieved..at misfortunes they expect. 1747Doddridge Life Col. Gardiner 41 He was grieved to see human nature prostituted to such low and contemptible pursuits. 1833H. Martineau Charmed Sea i. 6 The spirit of Taddeus was grieved as much by his sister's injustice as by his own remorse. 1841Lane Arab. Nts. I. 74 He was grieved by the corrupt speech of his son.
With adv.1860Pusey Min. Proph. 24 The Holy Spirit they have grieved away.
refl.c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 372, I pray ȝou here þat ȝe greue ȝou not all-þouȝ I forȝete not liȝtly þe materialle swerde [etc.]. c1500Debate Carpenter's Tools 277 in Hazl. E.P.P. I. 89 And greue ȝou nothinge at this songe, Bot euer make mery ȝour selue amonge. 1530Palsgr. 575/1, I greve my selfe more with the felowe than he is worthe.
b. impers. or quasi-impers. with subject it or a substantive clause.
c1230Hali Meid. 33 Ȝif þu him muche luuest & he let lutel to þe hit greueð þe. a1300Cursor M. 10443 (Gött.) It greuys me wonderly sare, I se þe leudy ma suilk care. 1370Robt. Cicyle 61 Me grevyth noȝt. c1380Sir Ferumb. 262 Wel sore him greuede þat þe kyng was angred for ys sake. c1430Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 4130 To part from hir it wold him gref. 1530Palsgr. 575/1 It greveth me to se hym in this case. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. x. 29 That nought him griev'd to beene from rule deposed downe. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. v. ii. 22 Oh my deere Orlando, how it greeues me to see thee weare thy heart in a scarfe. 1611Bible Ruth i. 13 It grieueth me much for your sakes, that the hand of the Lord is gone out against me. 1657R. Ligon Barbadoes (1673) 84 Pare off the rinde, which is so beautiful, as it grieves us to rob the fruit of such an ornament. 1836W. Irving Astoria II. 163 Much did it grieve the friends of that gentleman to see him [etc.]. 1852Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xxv. 239 It really grieves me to have you be so naughty.
†6. To make angry; to provoke to anger or resentment; to incense, offend. Also pass., To be angry with. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 1227 (Gött.) For þai him greued [Cott. warryed, Fairf. wraþet] wid þair dedis He þaim forsoke in all þair nedis. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 302 Now god in nwy to Noe con speke, Wylde wrakful wordeȝ in his wylle greued. c1340Cursor M. 18317 (Trin.) Him to greue [Gött. greme] hit is ful grille. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. vii. 216, ‘I wolde not greue god’, quod Pers, ‘for al the gold on ground’. 1426Audelay Poems 8 God and mon thou schalt never greve. c1460Towneley Myst. xxx. 128, I had leuer go to rome yei thryse on my fete Then forto grefe yonde grome,..he lokys full grisly. 1535Bp. Shaxton Let. to Cromwell in Strype Eccl. Mem. I. App. lxi. 151 Be not greived with them that for christen love admonish you, and even pray for you. 1535Coverdale Ps. lxxvii[i]. 40 O how oft haue they greued him in the wildernesse? How many a tyme haue they prouoked in the deserte? [1611 How oft did they prouoke him in the wildernesse: and grieue him in the desert. (The second vb. in the Heb. usually means ‘to distress, afflict’.)]
impersonal.1390Gower Conf. III. 246 It had hem greved Ayein a folk, which thanne hight The Gabiens.
†b. refl. To grow angry. Obs.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. Prol. 139 Thanne greued hym a goliardeys a glotoun of wordes. Ibid. vii. 318 He greueth hym aȝeines god, and gruccheth aȝeines resoun.
†7. intr. To feel annoyance or anger. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 5949 Quen pharaon sagh rest and stund, His hert wex gret and gan to greue. c1350Parl. Three Ages 182 This gome alle in graye greued with this wordes, And sayde, ‘felowe..þou fonnes full ȝerne.’ Ibid. 194.
8. To feel grief; to be mentally pained or distressed; to sorrow deeply. Const. at, for, over, or to with inf., occas. with cognate obj.
13..[see grieving vbl. n. 2]. 1598Tofte in Shaks. C. Praise 25 They seemde to grieve, but yet they felt no care. 1599Marston Sco. Villanie iii. viii. 214, I doe sadly grieue, and inly vexe, To viewe the base dishonour of our sexe. 1647–8Sir C. Cotterell Davila's Hist. Fr. (1678) 10 They exceedingly grieved to see him so much fallen. 1667Milton P.L. xi. 754. 1684 Contempl. State Man ii. iv. (1699) 163 Let those grieve and be melancholy who have no hope of Heaven. 1816Byron Ch. Har. iii. 27 Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave. 1819Shelley Cenci iv. iv. 11, I grieve thus to distress you, but the Count Must answer charges of the gravest import. 1830Tennyson Song, ‘A spirit haunts’ ii, My whole soul grieves At the moist rich smell of the rotting leaves. 1882H. S. Holland Logic & Life (1885) 119 We cannot grieve the holy grief that comes only to the pure in heart. 1884Pae Eustace 22 He..grieved for the gentle young wife who had been taken from him.
transf.1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho i, The long⁓haunted bower, where the nightingale grieves. a1861T. Woolner My Beautiful Lady (1863) 58 To you the wind but sobs and grieves Wailing with the streaming leaves.
b. trans. To feel or show grief at or for; to regret deeply. poet.
1598Drayton Heroic. Ep. xvi. 152 Sorrow doth utter what it still doth grieve. 1622Fletcher Sea Voy. i. i, Most miserable men, I greive their fortunes. 1676Dryden Aurengz. iv. i. 1577 'Tis little to confess your Fate I grieve. 1718Prior Solomon ii. 46 Till from the Parian isle, and Libya's coast, The mountains grieve their hopes of marble lost. 1725Pope Odyss. vii. 297 Howe'er the noble, suff'ring mind, may grieve Its load of anguish, and disdain to live. 1871Browning Balaustion 530 Nor any clipt locks strew the vestibule, Though surely these drop when we grieve the dead.
▪ III. grieve
var. greave1 Obs.; obs. f. greave2. |