| 释义 |
▪ I. † grist, n.1 Obs.
Forms: 1 grist- (in comb.: see gristbiting), gyrst, 4 gryste.
[OE. grist-, gyrst, cogn. w. OS. grist- in gristgrimmo gnashing of teeth; cf. OHG. grisgrimmôn, grisgramôn to gnash the teeth (MHG. grisgimmen, -gramen, grustgramen; G. griesgramen to sulk), MHG. grisgram gnashing of teeth (G. griesgram peevishness, peevish person, also as adj.). It is difficult, in spite of the resemblance of sense (cf. ‘to grind the teeth’), to connect the word etymologically with grind v.; it may be cognate with OE. gryrran, ᵹeorran, L. hirrīre to snarl, or be purely onomatopœic.]
Gnashing of teeth; hence, anger.
c1000Ags. Gloss. in Haupt's Zeitschr. (1853) IX. 513 Gyrst, stridor. 13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 465 Þy heued hatz nauþer greme ne gryste.
▪ II. grist, n.2|grɪst|
Forms: 1 grist, 5–7 griste, gryste, ? 6 Sc. girst, 6–7 gr(e)est, greist, 7 griest, 8 griss, 5– grist.
[OE. gríst:—OTeut. type *grinstu- (? -to-, -ti-), f. *grind- grind v. The vowel was shortened in ME. as in fist from OE. fýst.]
†1. The action of grinding; an act or spell of grinding. Obs.
c1000ælfric Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 141/3 Molitura, grist. c1050Voc. ibid. 448/16 Molitura, grist. 1676Worlidge Cyder (1691) 96 Some [mills] are so large that they grind half a hogshead at a grist.
2. a. Corn which is to be ground; also (with pl.) a batch of such corn.
c1430[see b]. 1483in Eng. Gilds (1870) 336 That all Dowers of the Cite..grynd att the Cite-is myllis,..as long as they mey have sufficiaunt grist. 1568in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 325 Every of the said bakers and brewers..shall forfaite their griste and wheate malte so grounde. 1589R. Harvey Pl. Perc. (1590) 3 Thy late Customers..haue brought greists to be ground. 1613–16W. Browne Brit. Past. ii. i, As a miller having ground his grist. 1670G. H. Hist. Cardinals iii. iii. 297 The new Gabels, impos'd upon Grist, Wine..Aqua-vitæ. 1744–50W. Ellis Mod. Husbandm. VI. iii. 77 A griss of wheat to be sent to the mill. 1862Q. Rev. Apr. 286 The grist which has been served out too damp for the miller. 1865Morn. Star 13 Jan., They can purchase grists of their employers at 1s. per bushel under the market price of best wheat. 1896L. Abbott Chr. & Soc. Problems iii. 87 His water⁓courses grind our grist for us.
b. Proverbial and fig.
c1430Hymns Virg. 44 Oon wolde riflee us at hame, And gadere þe flour out of oure gryst. Ibid. 74 Þouȝ þou deye, þou schalt not be myste; Þou combrest boþe foo & frende, Þi mylle haþ grounde þi laste griste. 1598T. Bastard Chrestoleros (1882) 96 When pride like polling miller sits vpon, The bated gryst of poore religion. 1623Fletcher & Rowley Maid in Mill v. ii, Shall the sayles of my love stand still? Shall the grists of my hopes be unground? 1641Symonds Serm. Ho. Comm. D iv b, They have put you to grinde their grist. 1674Camden's Rem., Proverbs (1870) 334 The Horse that is next the Mill carries all the Grist. 1740E. Baynard Health (ed. 6) 29 This grinds life's grist, yet takes small tole. 1820Scott Monast. xiii, Ye might have had other grist to grind. 1840Hood Kilmansegg, Fancy Ball xxxiii, How little of praise or grist would have come To a mill with such a hopper! 1880Webb Goethe's Faust ii. iv, Gratis he never grinds your grist.
c. Phrases. to bring grist to the (one's) mill: to bring business to one's hands; to be a source of profit or advantage. all is grist that comes to his mill: he turns everything to account.
1583Golding Calvin on Deut. cxxiii. 755 There is no lykelihoode that those thinges will bring gryst to the mill. 1664H. More Myst. Iniq. xx. 77 Such superstitious surmizes as these will indeed bring grist to the mill in plenty for them that infuse them into the heads of the people. 1726Ayliffe Parergon 210 The Computation of Degrees in..Matrimonial Causes..brings grist to the Mill by way of Dispensations. 1770Foote Lame Lover i. Wks. 1799 II. 68 Well, let them go on, it brings grist to our mill. 1818Byron To Murray 25 Mar. v, Sermons to thy mill bring grist. 1838Dickens Nich. Nick. xxxiv, Meantime the fools bring grist to my mill, so let them live out their day. 1885Harper's Mag. Feb. 397/1 It is all grist that comes to her mill.
d. U.S. A ‘lot’, number, or quantity (of).
1832J. K. Paulding Westward Ho! I. 77 There has been a mighty grist of rain lately up above. 1840Haliburton Clockm. Ser. iii. xviii, Some smart grists of rain has fell. 1848J. F. Cooper Bee-hunter I. iii. 80 There's an onaccountable grist on 'em [bees]. 1852Traits Amer. Humour I. xxvii. 305, I..got pretty considerable soaked by a grist of rain. 1881S. P. McLean Cape Cod Folks xviii. 295 ‘Grists on 'em, this year!’ he said. ‘Heaps!’ Aunt Patty responded. 1906Springfield (Mass.) Weekly Republ. 8 Feb. 9 A good-sized grist of matters was presented in the House last week under suspension of the rules.
3. Corn that has been ground.
c1566Merie Tales in Skelton's Wks. (1843) I. p. lxvii, The seruaunt, hauynge hys gryste, went home [from the mill]. 1629Chapman Juvenal 126 Hoary cantles of unboulted grist. c1640Gataker Man 235 (L.) The motion of a winde-mill driven with the winde, that maketh grist no longer than the winde bloweth upon it. 1700Tyrrell Hist. Eng. II. 808, A Farthing Loaf of the whole Grist. 1784Cowper Task vi. 108 Swallowing..The total grist unsifted, husks and all. 1887Kentish Gloss., Grist, anything which has been ground—meal, flour.
4. Malt crushed or ground for brewing.
1822J. Imison Sci. & Art II. 155 The water rises upwards through the malt, or as it is called, the grist. 1836Penny Cycl. V. 403/2 Many brewers prefer a fine grist. Ibid., A circular sieve, called a separator, through which the grist passes from the millstones. 1844T. Webster Encycl. Dom. Econ. 574 Grist, malt that has been ground for mashing.
5. attrib. and Comb., as grist-cart, † grist-corn, grist-grinding, grist-watermill; grist-mill, a mill for grinding corn; so grist-miller.
1893Newspaper Advt., Wanted, Man to Milk..and occasionally go with *Grist Cart.
1623Althorp MS. p. lii. in Simpkinson Washingtons App., Spent to the baker of *grist corne 169 qua.
1807Vancouver Agric. Devon (1813) 149 The price of *grist-grinding..is about 5d. per bushel for wheat; 4d. for barley; and 2d. for oats.
1602Carew Cornwall 266 Amongst other commodities affoorded by the Sea, the Inhabitants make vse of diuers his creekes for *griste-milles. 1727Dudley in Phil. Trans. XXXIV. 261 The Owner of it was a common Carter to a Grist-Mill. 1886Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. s.v., The small mills for grinding people's own corn, all over the country side are always called grist-mills.
1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 211/1 *Grist-millers, masons, maltsters.
1637Harrison Surv. Manor Sheff. in Sheffield Gloss. s.v., Item a *Greist water mill standing on the south of Owlerton greene.
▪ III. grist, n.3|grɪst|
Also 8 girst.
[? Connected with gird v.1]
The size or thickness of yarn or rope.
1733P. Lindsay Interest Scot. 20 A Certificate from the Master of the Work-house, bearing that he or she, the Bearer, is a sufficient Tradesman, or good Spinner of such a Staple or Girst of Cloath, or Yarn, &c. 1792Specif. Kelly's Patent No. 1879. 5 These wheels are calculated according to the size or grist of the yarn. 1835Ure Philos. Manuf. 24 The lace-maker..verifies the grist of all the thread he purchases. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. s.v., Common grist is a rope 3 inches in circumference, with twenty yarns in each of the three strands. 1882Paton in Encycl. Brit. XIV. 666/2 The grist or quality of all fine yarns is estimated by the number of leas in a pound.
transf.a1774Fergusson Leith Races Poems (1845) 32 Here is the true and faithfu' list O' noblemen and horses; Their eild, their weight, their height, their grist, That rin for plates or purses.
▪ IV. grist, v.1 Obs. exc. dial.
[f. grist n.1]
intr. To gnash or grind the teeth.
c1460J. Russell Bk. Nurture 301 Good son, þy tethe be not pikynge, gris[t]ynge, ne gnastynge. 1842Akerman Wilts. Gloss., Grist, Griz, to gnash and shew the teeth angrily. 1893Wiltsh. Gloss., Grist, Griz, to snarl and show the teeth as an angry dog or man. N.W.
▪ V. grist, v.2
[f. grist n.2]
trans. To grind (corn). Hence ˈgristing vbl. n., the action of grinding corn, or the result of this. Also ˈgrister, ‘one who brings grain to be ground at a mill’ (Jamieson 1825).
1825–80Jamieson, Grist, v. a. to grind corn. 1883Gentl. Mag. Oct. 378 Riding to Trumpington Mill with the sack of College grain for the gristing. 1887Kentish Gloss., Gristing, Grysting, the flour which is got from the lease-wheat. |