| 释义 |
▪ I. gruff, a. and n.|grʌf|
Forms: Sc. 6 groiff, grof, groffe, 8 groof, 9 grouff, 6– groff, 7– gruff, (9 grough).
[app. a. Du. or LG. *grof = OHG. girob, grob, MHG. gerop, grop, mod.G. grob, of uncertain origin. Some scholars have regarded it as f. ga- prefix (OE. ᵹe-: see y-) + WGer. *hruƀ- wk. grade of the root of OE. hréof rough, scabby.
Possibly the Du. or LG. word was introduced in commercial use.]
A. adj.
1. Coarse, coarse-grained; containing coarse or rough particles. Obs. exc. Sc. and techn.
1533Gau Richt Vay (1888) 66 Our body is alsua oncleyne and foul and groiff. 1563Winȝet Four Scoir Thre Quest. Wks. 1888 I. 114 Sklate, thak, and grof stanis, rottin tymmir and siklyke. 1565Extracts Aberd. Reg. (1844) I. 360 Tuentie stanis of groff pulder. 1572Satir. Poems Reform. xxiii. 339 Seing ȝe and ȝour wairs gros and grof [rime of]. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. i. 94 A groffe seck spred undir thame. 1743J. Williamson in Scenes & Leg. N. Scot. (1889) 382 And now the broken clouds fall down In groff rain from on high. 1800Wellesley in Owen Desp. 712 The..purchase of sugar and other gruff goods. 1801Naval Chron. VI. 427 She..is engaged..to proceed to..Bengal, for a cargo of gruff goods. 1880Jamieson's Dict., Groff,..3. Thick, large, coarse; as, groff meal, large⁓grained meal. 1881Greener Gun 308 In a large vat..is placed two tons of grough saltpetre. Ibid. 309 The grough sulphur.
b. Of immaterial things: Rude, gross, unpolished. Also said of a guess = ‘rough’. Sc.
1681S. Colvil Whigs Supplic. (1751) 19 To speak in terms more groff, It [his head] was just like a sugar-loaf. 16..in J. Watson Collect. Poems (1706) i. 67 Now have ye heard the Tragedy..though it be both Groff and Rude, And of all Eloquence denude. 1825–80Jamieson s.v. Groff, ‘A grouff guess’, i.e., a rough or inaccurate calculation, or conjecture. 1875G. Macdonald Malcolm II. iii. 39 That's no rizzon 'at I sudna hae a groff guiss at her.
†2. Of a surface: Rough, rugged. Obs. rare—1.
1697Phil. Trans. XIX. 598 We were in danger of losing our Cable and Anchor; the Ground, where we rode..being somewhat gruff.
3. Rough, surly, or sour in aspect or manner; said also of appearances.
1690–1[Implied in gruffness]. 1706Reflex. upon Ridicule 95 One man's air gruffer than another. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Gruff, or Grum, grim-fac'd, sower-look'd, dogged, surly. 1726Leoni Alberti's Archit. II. 51/1 Their gruff beards, and stern countenances. 1728Ramsay Last Speech Miser xi, My looks were groff and sour. 1777C. A. Burney Jrnl. in Mad. D'Arblay's Diary, He turned to me with one of the gruffest of his lion looks. 1849James Woodman viii, He seemed as gruff as a large Church⁓bell. 1862Sala Accepted Addr. 93 Her papa was a gruff religionist. 1863Speke Discov. Nile p. xxiv, The gruff hippopotamus is as widespread as any. 1887Frith Autobiog. I. vii. 70 Under a somewhat gruff manner there beat a warm and tender heart.
b. Of the voice and speech, implying the utterance of hoarse or guttural sounds.
a1712W. King Skillet 35 After some gruff muttering with himself. 1838Dickens Nich. Nick. ii, Sounds of gruff voices practising vocal music. 1877Black Green Past. xxv, ‘Ay’ said the elder man, with gruff emphasis. 1878Browning Poets Croisic Ep. 18 ‘Love’ comes aptly in when gruff grows his singing. 1887R. N. Carey Uncle Max vii. 58 He gave a gruff little laugh.
c. quasi-adv.
1841D'Israeli Amen. Lit. (1867) 676 They spoke gruff and short, affecting brevity of words.
4. Comb., as gruff-speaking (cf. 3 b), gruff-voiced adjs.
1814Love, Honor, & Interest i. i, Old frosty-faced, gruff⁓speaking Vanderclufe. 1885J. K. Jerome On the Stage 57 That gruff-voiced officer passed the order on to his men.
B. n.
1. a. Pharmacy. (See quot.) b. Mining. (pl.) ‘The worst pieces rejected in the manufacture of black-lead pots’ (Weale's Dict. Terms 1873).
1853Dunglison Med. Lex. (ed. 9), Gruff,..In pharmacy, the coarse residue, which will not pass through the sieve in pulverization.
2. A quarrel, ‘tiff’. ? local U.S.
1857Holland Bay Path v. 64 He was weak with the softening influences of the morning and never ‘felt so little up to a gruff’ as he did at the time he met Cubel. Ibid. xii. 137 You and I never had a gruff, but I don't stand any o' that sort o' nonsense.
▪ II. gruff, v. Now dial.|grʌf|
[f. gruff a.]
1.
†a. trans. To treat gruffly or surlily (obs.).
b. To drive away by gruff behaviour (rare—1).
1706Reflex. upon Ridicule 197 Those that have no complaisance for you, but gruff you upon your good successes. 1847Mrs. Gore Cast. in Air xii, On the very day we so inexcusably gruffed you away from the Elms.
2. intr. To grunt, snore. dial.
1855in Robinson Whitby Gloss. 1876Mid-Yorksh. Gloss., Gruff, to snore, in a short, noisy manner; to grunt.
Delete ‘Now dial.’ and add: 3. trans. To utter gruffly or in a rough or surly manner. Freq. with direct speech as obj. Also with out (cf. growl v.3 2 b). colloq. (chiefly U.S.).
1925W. de la Mare Broomsticks 292 ‘So long as you hasten, my child,’ he gruffed out. 1932J. T. Farrell Young Lonigan ii. iv. 142 As he passed Young Horn Buckford and some punk he didn't know, Young Horn said hello to him. He gruffed a reply. 1979T. Wolfe Right Stuff xi. 296 She gruffed it out with..fury. 1980J. Barnes Metroland iii. v. 168 ‘Welcome, Lloyd,’ he gruffed at me, and the surname, despite a friendly burr in the voice, brought back old fears of defaulter parades. 1988N.Y. Times 23 June a23/5 The Democratic candidate gruffed out ‘tough choices’ nine times.
▪ III. gruff, -er
dial. forms of groove, -er.
▪ IV. gruff(e
obs. form of groof. |