| 释义 |
▪ I. guard, n.|gɑːd|
Forms: 4–7 garde, 5–6 Sc. gaird(e, 6–7 gard, guarde, 6– guard.
[a. or ad. F. garde, earlier also guarde (= It., Sp. guarda):—Rom. *guarda, a. OTeut. *wardâ. (Cf. ward.)]
†1.
a. Keeping, guardianship, custody, ward. to take guard: to take care. Obs.
1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 8793 She is a tresourere Off konnyng & of sciencys, And off all Experyencys That be commyttyd to hyr garde. c1440Partonope 768 Of the contree he taketh grete garde. 1579Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 22/1 That we may walke as it were in the garde of our God, fearing nothing in the middest of all daungers. 1590Shakes. Com. Err. v. i. 149 Anon I wot not, by what strong escape He broke from those that had the guard of him. 1606― Ant. & Cl. v. ii. 67 For the Queene, Ile take her to my Guard. 1636E. Dacres tr. Machiavel's Disc. Livy I. 23 To which of these two more safely may be intrusted the Guard of liberty. a1711Ken Hymnarium Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 101 O may the Angel to my Guard assign'd, Contract a sacred Friendship with my Mind.
†b. spec. in Law. Obs.
1607J. Cowell Interpr. s.v. Gard, It..hath diuers applications..sometime to a writte touching wardshippe. Which writs are of three sorts: one called a right of guard or ward, in French, droit de gard. 1641Termes de la Ley 173 Gard is when an Infant whose Ancestour held by Knights Service is in the ward or keeping of the Lord of whom those lands were holden. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Gard or Guard..In a Law-sense Guardianship or Management of Children under Age or Idiots... Writ of Gard or Ward, a Writ relating to Guardianship or Wardship.
2. Protection, defence. Obs. or arch.
1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 24 Al provinces and places of guard were shaken. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. ii. 21 Such was the glassy globe that Merlin made, And gave unto king Ryence for his gard, That never foes his kingdome might invade. 1614Bp. Hall Recoll. Treat. 58 When I see so strong a guard of providence over him. 1634Milton Comus 42, I was dispatcht for their defence, and guard. 1680Morden Geog. Rect. (1685) 204 Turin..a place very important for the Guard of Italy and fortified with a strong Citadell. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. xvii. II. 45 The rivals who contended for the possession of the Roman world, had withdrawn the greatest part of their forces from the guard of the general frontier. 1814Cary Dante, Par. viii. 88 Ask the guard of braver arms. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India II. 357 The Raja marched from Nagpur on the 3rd of May, under the guard of one wing of the 22nd Bengal N.I.
3. a. Sword-exercise, Boxing, etc. A posture of defence; hence, the weapons or arms in such a posture. at open guard: in a position which leaves the swordsman open to attack.
1596B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. i. iv, Twine your bodie more about, that you may fall to a more sweet, comely, gentlemanlike guard. 1602Shakes. Ham. iv. vii. 102 (2nd Qo. 1604) The Scrimures of their nation, He swore had neither motion, guard, nor eye, If you oppos'd them. 1649Fuller Just Man's Funeral 7 This makes them lie at an open guard, not fencing. 1655W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. i. iv. (1669) 42/2 He is a weak Fencer that lays his Soul at open Guard to be stabbed and wounded with guilt, while he is lifting up his hands to save a broken head. 1692Sir W. Hope Fencing-Master (ed. 2) 4 A Guard is a posture which a Man putteth his body into for the better defending of himself from his Adversaries thrusts or blowes. 1802C. James Milit. Dict. s.v., The word guard is seldom applied among small swordsmen to any position but those of carte and tierce; the other motions of defence are stiled parades. Ibid. s.v. Broadsword, The principal guards with the broad sword are: The inside guard (similar to carte in fencing)..The outside guard (resembling tierce)..The medium guard, which is a position between the inside and outside guard..The hanging guard (similar to prime and seconde)..The St. George's guard, which protects the head. 1833Regul. Instr. Cavalry i. 123 The Files engage on the ‘Inside Guard’, change to the ‘Outside Guard’. Ibid. 126 It is good practice to put them through the ‘Guards’ and ‘Points’. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop lvi, Mr. Swiveller performed..the broad-sword exercise with all the cuts and guards complete. 1897Encycl. Sport I. 144 There are four chief guards to one or other of which the swordsman should constantly return after an interchange of blows, and these are known as Engaging Guards.
b. Cricket. The position in which the bat is held to defend the wicket; esp. in to give, take guard.
1843‘Wykehamist’ Pract. Hints Cricket 4 Let the player first obtain guard..for the middle stump. 1868Box Theory & Pract. Cricket 111 To prevent any unfair confusion to the batsman by allowing such [delivery] as would throw him off his given guard. 1877― Eng. Game of Cricket xxvi. 451 A batsman often applies to the umpire for guard, i.e. to know which stump or stumps his bat is defending.
4. a. The condition or fact of guarding, protecting, or standing on the defensive; watch; esp. in to keep guard. Hence, the special service of watching performed by a soldier or sailor.
1596Spenser F.Q. vi. x. 43 When faire Pastorell Into this place was brought and kept with gard Of griesly theeves. 1601Shakes. All's Well iii. v. 76 She is arm'd for him, and keepes her guard In honestest defence. 1602― Ham. i. i. 10 Barn. Haue you had quiet Guard? Fran. Not a Mouse stirring. 1625Bacon Ess., Cunning (Arb.) 441 Which serueth.. to keepe themselues more in Guard. 1640tr. Verdere's Rom. Rom. i. 104 They boorded the Pagans ship all three together, leaving their Squires in guard of their bark. 1667Milton P.L. vi. 412 Michaël and his Angels..plac'd in Guard thir Watches round. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Guard, or Gard,..in the Art of War the Duty performed by a Body of Men, to secure all with watchfulness against the Attempts or Surprizes of an Enemy. 1712W. Rogers Voy. 249 The Inhabitants kept Guard on their Walls. 1726G. Shelvocke Voy. round World (1757) 197 One of the quarter-deck guns..being mounted at our guard, was fired at sun-set. 1833H. Martineau Loom & Lugger i. v. 79 The eldest boy was directed to keep guard at the entrance of the closet. 1835Hoyle's Games 336 (Chess) Play your men in guard of one another, so that if any be taken, the enemy may also be captured by that which guarded yours. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. s.v. Guard-ship, The officer of the guard is accountable to the admiral for all transactions on the water during his guard. 1876T. Hardy Ethelberta (1890) 154 It was characteristic of Ethelberta's jealous motherly guard over her young sisters that [etc.].
†b. A post of observation. Obs.
c1500Melusine xxiv. 168–9 Thenne made the captayn fyre to be putte high vpon the garde for manere of token..soone after fyre was made fro garde to garde, that knowleche was therof thrugh all the royalme.
5. a. on or upon one's guard, on guard († formerly also upon one's or the guards, upon a guard): in a position of defence, on the defensive; (a) with reference to fencing and sentry duty; hence (b) generally. to stand, be, lie upon one's guard: to be watchful, cautious, or vigilant, to take care; so to put, set (a person) on (his) guard. Const. against, for. [Cf. F. sur ses gardes and en garde.]
1577St. Aug. Manual (Longm.) 42, I will..stand upon my gard, and with wakyng eyes will I sing in my hart. 1610Shakes. Temp. ii. i. 321 'Tis best we stand vpon our guard. a1635Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 29 Sussex was thought much the honester man, and far the better souldier: but he lay too open on his guard. 1647N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. i. (1739) 202 Both or one of them were ever upon the guard, to keep out that which was without. 1653Holcroft Procopius i. 23 He sent direction..if they heard that the Enemie was entred at any other part, not to succour, but to continue upon their guards. a1674Clarendon Hist. Reb. xv. §80 The Soldiers which were upon the Guards in some out-Forts. 1683D. A. Art Converse 108 In Disputes relating to Religion be upon your Guards. 1700Dryden Pal. & Arcite ii. 73 For this the wise are ever on their Guard. 1701W. Wotton Hist. Rome 327 The Intelligence..set him upon his Guard. a1704R. L'Estrange (J.), It is wisdom to keep ourselves upon a guard. 1712Pope Spect. No. 408 ⁋5 In like manner should the Reason be perpetually on its Guard against the Passions. 1809Roland Fencing 1 On the Position of the Body for being on Guard. 1845McCulloch Taxation Introd. (1852) 10 We must be on our guard against the abuse of this doctrine. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 67 No one can be on his guard against that of which he has no experience. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. II. liii. 341 Every sensible man feels in himself the struggle between these two tendencies, and is on his guard not to yield wholly to either.
b. off one's guard: in or into a defenceless condition or a condition in which one is easily surprised by an attack.
1682Dryden & Lee Duke of Guise i. iii, Or at the court among my enemies, To be, as I am here, quite off my guard, Would make me such another thing as Crillon. 1692R. L'Estrange Fables ccxxxv. 205 Temerity puts a Man off his Guard. 1777Watson Philip II (1839) 371 They had not been put entirely off their guard. 1856Reade Never too Late to Mend ii, Isaac Levi caught both faces off their guard. 1885Law Rep. 29 Ch. Div. 797 The agent throws me off my guard..and I therefore do not employ an independent valuer.
†c. out of (one's) guard = off (one's) guard. Obs. [Cf. F. hors de garde.]
1601Shakes. Twel. N. i. v. 93 Looke you now, he's out of his gard already vnles you laugh and minister occasion to him, he is gag'd. 1685Dryden Thren. Augus. 17 The thunder-clap..took us unprepared and out of guard.
6.
†a. Caution, precaution (obs.).
b. (with pl.) A precaution (now rare).
1597Shakes. Lover's Compl. 298 There my white stole of chastity I daft, Shooke off my sober gardes, and ciuill feares. 1625Bacon Ess., Plantations (Arb.) 534 Vse them iustly, and gratiously, with sufficient guard neuerthelesse. 1707Atterbury Vind. Doctr. Funeral Serm. T. Bennet 28 Where..they have express'd themselves with (at least) as few Guards and Restrictions as I have done. 1741Richardson Pamela (1883) I. 163 For the poor gentleman has no guard, no caution at all. 1769Burke Late St. Nat. Wks. 1842 I. 112 On what other idea are all our prohibitions, regulations, guards, penalties, and forfeitures, framed? 1790― Fr. Rev. 38 All this guard..serves to shew the spirit of caution which predominated in the national councils. 1875Sears Serm. Chr. Life 7 The guards, the warnings, the denunciations interposed throughout the old Bible.
7. a. One who keeps, protects, or defends; a protector, defender; spec. one of a guard (sense 9), a sentry, sentinel; a warder in a prison or other place of detention (chiefly U.S.). Also with preceding n. denoting the object defended, as coastguard, telegraph guard, etc.
1412Extracts Aberd. Reg. (1844) I. 389 Ilke man duelland in the burgh..sal stand gaird, and [etc.]. 1474Caxton Chesse iii. vii. 55 b, The gardes and kepars of cytees ben signefied by the .vii. pawn which stondeth in the lyfte side to fore the knyght. 1483― Gold. Leg. 259 b/1 Saynt Iohan euangelist..as kepar and garde of so noble vyrgyn. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. iii. 43 Her faithfull gard remov'd, her hope dismaid, Her selfe a yielded pray to save or spill. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, i. ii. 127 Fight till the last gaspe: Ile be your guard. 1598Barret Theor. Warres iv. ii. 104 He is to..consult..with them touching the placing of the gards and Sentinels. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. iv. iv. 130 Though the great bulke Achilles be thy guard. a1715Burnet Own Time iv. (1724) I. 660 Such as endeavoured to make their escape, and were seized, (for guards and secret agents were spread along the whole roads and frontier of France). 1780Cowper Table T. 135 Guards, mechanically formed in ranks, Playing, at beat of drum, their martial pranks. 1819Shelley Cenci v. ii. 20 Guards, there, Lead forth the prisoners. 1871B. Taylor Faust (1875) I. xxv. 208 Thy cries will wake the guards, and they will seize thee! 1889in Cent. Dict. 1907J. London White Fang 299 During Jim Hall's third term in prison he encountered a guard that was almost as great a beast as he. 1936S.P.E. Tract xlv. 190 Why has American practice decided in favour of..guard rather than warder? 1952Manch. Guardian Weekly 15 May 4 The guard knew they would do it and retreated. 1968Times 11 Mar. 4/2 There were rumours that some of the men had threatened to decapitate a guard every 40 minutes.
b. The man who has the general charge and control of a stage coach or a railway train.
Originally an armed man charged with the duty of protecting a mail-coach against robbery; hence the designation.
1788Gentl. Mag. LVIII. i. 558 A King's officer..stopped the mail-coach from Dover, and demanded of the guard the key of the trunk on which he sat. 1790Act 30 Geo. III c. 36 §5 If any Person..travelling as a Guard to any Stage Coach..shall fire off the Arms he is entrusted with..otherwise than for the Defence of such Coach [he shall be fined 20s.]. 1792Thos. Pennant Let. to a memb. Parlt. 16 These guards shoot at dogs, hogs, sheep, and poultry, as they pass the road..to the great terror and danger of the inhabitants. 1837Penny Cycl. VII. 280/2 s.v. Coach, The guard is the servant of the Post-office. 1842Dickens Amer. Notes I. iv. 147 The conductor or check-taker, or guard..wears no uniform. 1863G. Meredith Let. 27 Apr. (1970) I. 200 On Tuesday next, my little recovered rosy man will journey down, alone, by that train... The Guard will be bribed to keep eye on him. 1864Law Times Rep. X. 719/2 A guard in the employ of the railway company. 1871M. Collins Mrq. & Merch. I. iv. 141 Another guard came up the platform. 1893Peel Spen Valley 277 In the winter [c 1820] the guard carried a blunderbuss for protection in a box near him.
c. Freemasonry. See quots. (Cf. guardian 1 d.)
a1843R. Carlile Man. Freemasonry i. 1 The next in order to the Master is the Senior Warden, then the Junior Warden, Senior Deacon, and Junior Deacon; lastly an Inner Guard and Tylers, or Door Keepers, the one inside, the other out. 1870Text-bk. Freemasonry Introd. 7 The Inner Guard..and Tyler act as doorkeepers, the first-named acts as inside, and the last outside, armed with a drawn sword.
d. U.S. Football. Either of the two players (called the right guard and left guard respectively) that are stationed one on each side of the ‘centre-rush’. Also in Basketball, either of the two players who are chiefly responsible for the marking of opposing forwards.
1897Encycl. Sport I. 426 To the immediate right of the snap-back is the ‘right-guard’..The ‘left-guard’, ‘left-tackle’, and ‘left-end’ complete the line on the other side. 1905Official Basket Ball Rules 30 The position of the guard is the most difficult and unsatisfactory place in the team... He is expected to prevent his opponent from throwing a goal, and that without making a foul himself. 1929Encycl. Brit. III. 182/2 The players are divided into three groups, forwards, centres and guards. 1961J. S. Salak Dict. Amer. Sports 207 Guard, a defensive player in basketball and football.
8. pl. (Freq. with capital initial.) The household troops of the English army, consisting of the foot-guards, the horse-guards (1 b), and the life-guards. Also applied, by extension, to the (orig. seven) regiments of heavy cavalry known as the Dragoon Guards (as distinguished from the Dragoons).
[1661,1675, etc.: see foot-guards, horse-guards.] a1674Clarendon Hist. Reb. xv. §68 The King [in 1656]..resolved to raise one regiment of guards, the command whereof he gave to the lord Wentworth. 1682Dryden Prol. to ‘Loyal Brother’ 13 The Critic all our troops of friends discards: Just so the Whigg wou'd fain pull down the Guards. 1708Lond. Gaz. No. 4421/7 He..was seen in Fleet-street with the Guards. 1806T. S. Surr Winter in London (ed. 3) I. 18 An ensign in the guards. 1831J. Jekyll Corr. (1894) 266 Old parson Cholmondely, then in the Guards, ran away at the battle of Dettingen. 1863Kinglake Crimea II. 351 The brigade of Guards will be destroyed; ought it not to fall back?
9. a. A body of persons, esp. soldiers († also occas. ships) engaged to preserve a person or place from injury or attack, to act as an escort, or keep watch over prisoners: with reference to military sentry duty, freq. in phr. to mount, relieve († the) guard. (See also advance guard (advance n. V), bodyguard, grandguard 2, main guard, rearguard, etc., and cf. corps-de-garde, garde-du-corps.) guard of honour: a body of soldiers, sailors, policemen, etc. appointed to receive a royal or other person of distinction and to attend at state ceremonials. Yeomen of the Guard: see yeoman.
1494Fabyan Chron. v. lxxxi. 58 [He] founde to haue aboute the Kyngs parsone an hondreth Pictes, or, after some, Scottes, the whiche he ordeyned for a Garde for the Kynges parsone. 1532Fortescue's Abs. & Lim. Mon. vi. (1714) 43 The secund Ordynarye charge, is the payment of the Wags and Fees of the Kyngs grete Officers, his Courts, his Counceil, his Garde, and other Servaunts. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 118 Quhair ȝoung Constans that tyme faucht with his gaird, He brocht with him out of Armorica. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 389 The king reteyned unto him a gard of Archers of Chesshire. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. vii. 36 King Chairlis VI...elected an(e) band of Scotis horsemen; quhilke commounlie was calit the Scotis gaird of armes. 1611Bible 2 Kings xxv. 20 Nebuzaradan captaine of the guard tooke these, and brought them to the king of Babylon. 1650Nicholas Papers (Camden) 183 There was a Guard of 100 Souldiers sett to keepe all manner of persons whatsoever from coming to speake wth his Lop. 1671[see beef-eater 2]. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. 258 These Sangrack Beys mount the Guard by turns. 1687Miege Gt. Fr. Dict. II. s.v., To come off from the Guard, descendre la Garde. 1691Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) II. 294 Our fleet for the winter guard is to consist of 33 men of war. 1700S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 248 Two Dutch Soldiers that had absented themselves from the Guard two days, ran the Gauntlet. 1797Mrs. Radcliffe Italian xvii, Vivaldi perceived that the guard was changed. 1802C. James Milit. Dict. s.v., As soon as they have taken post, fronting their respective guards, the word of command will be given—‘Officers and non-commissioned officers—to your guards—March! Halt! Front!’ ‘Officers and non-commissioned officers, inspect your guards!’ 1840Dickens Barn. Rudge 4 Some say that Lord George Gordon had been sent under a strong guard to the tower. 1884Mil. Engineering (ed. 3) I. ii. 15 The guard of the trenches is divided into two bodies—1. The main body. 2. The reserve. 1887Spectator 13 Aug. 1097 A company of this regiment was guard of honour to the Empress Eugenie.
b. transf. and fig.
1548P. Nicols 12 Spyes (1553) D v, Some there be that perceive the Pope and his garde have led us blindly this many yeeres into a shamefull confusion of our faith. 1549Chaloner Erasm. on Folly D b, But (Lorde) what..inconueniences..woulde not commenly happen..were not now with flaterie now with daliance.. (all of my garde [L. satellitium] I warrant you) boeth propped up and nourished. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 764 As if they had beene the infernall guard, comming with Cerberus to welcome Proserpina to her Palace. 1834J. Brown Lett. Sanctif. v. 289 A powerful though unseen guard of angels continually surrounds him. 1848Dickens Dombey vii, The perseverance with which she walked out of Princess's Place to fetch this baby and its nurse, and walked back with them, and walked home with them again, and continually mounted guard over them. 1850H. Melville White Jacket I. iii. 10 Hearty old members of the Old Guard; grim sea grenadiers. 1852J. A. Quitman Let. 20 Feb. in J. F. H. Claiborne Life of Quitman (1860) II. xvii. 164 What shall we of the strict state-rights school, what shall the ‘Old Guard’ do? 1894A. Forbes in Daily News 27 Nov. 6/5 Gradually are thinning the ranks of the ‘Old Guard’ of war correspondents. 1902A. Bennett Anna of Five Towns ii. 28 Tellwright belonged by birth to the Old Guard of Methodism; there was in his family a tradition of holy valour for the pure doctrine. 1954N. Coward Future Indefinite iv. 183 The old guard however..sang some of the vintage Maori songs. 1965N. Gulbenkian Pantaraxia viii. 151, I am a member of the Old Guard. ‘Leave my gloves?.. Not on your life! I was sent home [from court] twenty-five years ago for not having them.’ 1968Listener 25 July 102/1 There is..another reason for the angry panic among the Old Guard in Warsaw.
†c. body of guard = corps de garde. Obs.
1579Digges Stratiot. 91 These little bodies of gard or watch.
10. Something which guards, defends, or protects; a protection, defence. lit. and fig.
1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. v. ii. 54 There is betweene my will, and all offences A guard of patience. 1608― Per. ii. iv. 15 Though This King was great, His greatnesse was no gard To barre heauens shaft. 1691Norris Pract. Disc. 310 We need no other Guard..against Sin..than these Three Words well considered, God is Present. 1696Blackmore Pr. Arthur vi. (1714) 197 Their Hands a woven Guard of Osier saves, In which they fix their Hazel Weapon's End. 1713Derham Phys.-Theol. iv. xii. (1714) 221 Feathers are..to Birds..not only a good guard against Wet and Cold..but also most commodious for their Flight. 1732Pope Ess. Man ii. 162 Reason is here no guide, but still a guard. 1756Burke Vind. Nat. Soc. Wks. I. 47 The nicest and best studied behaviour was not a sufficient guard for a man of great capacity. 1780Cowper Table T. 66 Keep Vice restrained behind a double guard. 1821J. Baillie Metr. Leg., Wallace lxxxi. 11 The dark brown water..lashed the margin's flinty guard. 1822–34Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) I. 487 It is..necessary to watch its [squill's] effects upon the kidneys and intestinal canal and to attemper it with opium or some other guard. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits, Aristocr. Wks. (Bohn) II. 83 Every one who has tasted the delight of friendship, will respect every social guard which our manners can establish.. to secure from the intrusion of..distasteful people.
b. spec. in Card-playing. (See quots.)
1885R. A. Proctor How to play Whist 241 A third best card generally requires two guards. 1932H. Phillips Week-End Probl. Bk. 299 He will lead through South's guard in Hearts. 1936E. Culbertson Contract Bridge Complete xxxviii. 423 A card which accompanies a higher card of the same suit is called a guard. 1960Times 7 Dec. 16/7, I was sure that my little partner had a guard in the suit.
11. a. An ornamental border or trimming on a garment. Obs. exc. Hist. or arch.
(The original notion may have been that of a binding to keep the edge of the cloth from fraying.)
a1529Skelton Mann. World 9 So many gardes worne, Jagged and al to-torne..Sawe I never. 1535Coverdale Num. xv. 38 Speake to the children of Israel & saye vnto them yt they make them gardes vpon y⊇ quarters of their garmentes. c1550Disc. Common Weal Eng. (1893) 83 When oure gentlemen went simply and oure servingemen plainly, with out cut or garde, bearinge the hevie sworde and bucler, on theire thighes, in steade of cuttes and gardes, and light daunsinge swordes. 1601Holland Pliny II. 459 A Senatour was distinguisht from the Gentlemen..by his coat embrodered with broad gards and studs of purple. 1603Const. & Canons Eccl. lxxiv, Priests' Cloaks, without gards, welts, long Buttons, or cuts. 1610Histrio-m. iii. 248 Out on these velvet gards, and black-lac'd sleeves. 1631E. Jorden Nat. Bathes Ded. (1669) 4 A plain sute of our Country Cloath, without welt or gard. 1637Davenant Brit. Triumph. Dram. Wks. 1872 II. 267 A young man in a rich habit down to his knees with a large guard of purple about the skirt. 1707Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. iii. iii. 275 He [a Baron] hath two Guards or Doublings on his Mantle. 1766Porny Heraldry Gloss. (1777), Guard, term used by some Heralds to signify the Doubling of the Mantle of the Nobility.
b. fig. Chiefly in phrase without welt or gard.
1581Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 59 Who reades Plutarchs eyther historie or philosophy, shall finde, hee trymmeth..theyr garments, With gards of Poesie. 1588Shakes. L.L.L. iv. iii. 58 O Rimes are gards on wanton Cupids hose. 1594Nashe Unfort. Trav. 4 A plaine ale-house without welt or gard of anie iuybush. 1641Bp. Hall Answ. Vind. Smectymnuus 95 The words are plaine, without either welt, or gard. 1660Fuller Mixt Contempl. xxxiii. 299, I am a Protestant without wealt [mod. ed. wealth], or gard. 1692Steele in Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. xviii. 25 Jacob was a plain man without welt or gard.
†c. transf. A stripe, band of colour. Obs.
1579T. Stevens Let. in Hakluyt's Voy. (1589) 161 These [Tuberones] haue waiting on them 6. or 7. smal fishes.. with gardes blew and greene round about their bodies, like comely seruing men. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 558 The Zebra..resembling a Horse..all over-laid with partie coloured Laces, and guards, from head to Taile.
†12. Astr. pl. The two stars of the constellation of the Lesser Bear known astronomically as Beta and Gamma respectively; also guards of the pole. Applied also to the two ‘pointers’ of the Great Bear. Obs.
1574Bourne Regiment for Sea 34 You may knowe it by..the Starres rounde about the Pole, as Charles Wayne and the Guardes. 1594Blundevil Exerc. vii. Introd. (1636) 649 All these instruments serue to little purpose, vnlesse you know also the North star, with his guards. Ibid. vii. xxvi. 687 The two guardes or pointers of Charles Waine. 1604Shakes. Oth. ii. i. 15 The winde-shak'd-Surge, with high and monstrous Maine Seemes to cast water on the burning Beare, And quench the Guards of th' euer-fixed Pole. 1674Moxon Tutor Astron. (ed. 3) 209 The two stars that are in the shoulders of the Bear, are called the Guards,..because they are diligently to be looked unto, in regard of the their singular use which they have in Navigation. 1783R. Turner View Heavens (1798) 56 The two foremost of the square lie almost in a right line with the Pole-star, and are called the Guards or Pointers. 1819T. Whiting Syst. Astron. (1828) 28 Guards, a name that has been sometimes applied to the two stars nearest the North Pole.
†13. The amnion or ‘caul’. Obs.
1611Florio, Guardia,..also the gard that infoulds a child in the mothers wombe.
†14. Hunting. (See quot.) [F. gardes.] Obs.
1576,1616[see gard2]. 1849H. Ainsworth Lanc. Witches iii. viii, [Of a boar.] The toes being round and thick..and the guards, or dew-claws, great and open.
15. Curling. (See quot. 1878.)
1849Chambers' Inform. II. 650/2 Each man is warned by his respective friends to plant, if possible, an excellent guard—dislodge this stone, and cover that [etc.]. 1878‘Capt. Crawley’ Football, etc. 127 (Curling) A stone is said to guard when it lies in a line between the player and the tee, with another stone belonging to the same side within it; a guard may also lie on any other part of the ice beyond the hog-score, on a similar principle. 1897Encycl. Sport I. 264 (Curling) Guard, (1) a stone that lies in a direct line before another.
16. A contrivance of metal, wood, or other material, made for the protection of an object from injury, to prevent accidents by falling, etc.; orig. in many cases used with a prefixed word indicating the position or nature of the protecting contrivance, e.g. fire-guard, trigger-guard, etc.
a. gen. (In several instances a defining word is more usually found prefixed, as leg-guard, mud-guard, step-guard, watch-guard, etc.)
b. The part of the hilt of a sword that protects the hand, often of curious workmanship or elaborate design.
c. (See quot.)
d. A piece of metal designed for the protection of the trigger of a gun.
e. pl. The wards of a lock.
f. = fire-guard (see fire n. 5).
g. Archery. = bracer2. h. Railway. An iron placed in front of a locomotive engine to catch and remove obstacles; U.S. a cow-catcher. i. (See quot. 1842.) j. A lateral extension of the deck of a steamboat beyond the lines of the hull so as to overhang the water. k. (See quot.) l. A welt or reinforcing slip of paper inserted between the leaves of a book, as a scrap-book, catalogue, etc., for the attachment of additional leaves. m. (See quot.) n. Conch. In cephalopods, a calcareous structure enveloping the apex of the phragmacone; the rostrum. o. (See quot.) p. A protector worn on various parts of the body by cricketers or other sportsmen.
a.1774Pennant Tour Scotl. in 1772, 107 The two principal doors have their grated guards. 1827H. Steuart Planter's G. (1828) 310 The Guards generally in use for protecting Trees, are well known; hurdles and cordage of different kinds; three-cornered, four-cornered, and circular palings, and the like. 1871Colburn Loco. Engin. v. 133/2 The axle boxes of the driving axle are guided vertically by suitable guides, or axle guards. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Guard..6. (Fire-arms)..b. A safety-lock of a fowling-piece to prevent the accidental dropping of the hammer. c. A nipple-shield to protect the little tube which receives the percussion-cap. 7. A bow or wire around a lantern to protect the glass. 1884Ibid. Suppl., Guard, a fence, fender, screen, canopy, etc., as the case may be:—A dash-board, or step-guard in cars. A grating to a window to preserve it from blows. 1884Health Exhib. Catal. 128/1 Model of Safety Drum Guard. Ibid. 131/1 Hygrometer..of lever action bearing on five horsehair lines, which are exposed to atmospheric influences through guards of spiral wire. 1900Daily News 19 Feb. 6/3 The starboard propeller guard of the Bat is smashed off.
b.1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. vii. 123 A singular sword with scheith and gairdis of gold, sett in precious stanes. 1662J. Davies tr. Mandelslo's Trav. 16 A kind of broad sword, whereof the hilt is very large, but without any guard. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. iii. 43 The Guard is very plain; commonly no more but a handle of Iron, with a cross Bar of the same underneath the Pummel..that the Sword may not slip out of their Hands. 1728P. Walker Peden Pref. (1827) 33 What Handles the Swords had whether small or Three barred, or Highland-guards. 1815Elphinstone Acc. Caubul (1842) I. 353 The sword is of the Persian form..The hilt resembles our own, except that it has no guard for the fingers. 1856G. J. Whyte-Melville Kate Cov. (1882) 23/1 The silver-mounted guard of a rapier. 1898Century Mag. Jan. 392/1 The guard [of the sword] was a coiled serpent of exquisite workmanship.
c.1892Simmonds Dict. Trade Suppl., Guards, protections to a book.
d.1687Miege Gt. Fr. Dict. II. s.v. Gard, The gard of a Gun, sougarde de Fusil. 1753Hanway Trav. (1762) I. iii. xxxvi. 163 This accident was occasioned by one of my servants..touching the trigger, which in very few Persian muskets has any guard. 1874Rifle Exerc., etc. 40 Seize the guard with the forefinger and thumb of the right hand..the remaining fingers under the hammer.
e.1677Moxon Mech. Exerc. 21 There are several Inventions in Locks, I mean in the making and contriving their Wards or Guards. 1878Technol. Dict., Eng.-Ger.-Fr. (ed. 3), Guards, wards of a lock.
f.1845De Quincey Autobiog. Sk. Wks. 1853 I. 13 As my three sisters with myself sat by the firelight round the guard of our nursery.
g.1853‘C. Bede’ Verdant Green i. xi, A fancy-wood bow, with arrows, belt, quiver, guard, tips, tassels, and grease-pot. 1860Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. xxx, ‘You must string my bow’, she said, handing it to him, as she buckled on her guard.
h.1838D. Stevenson Civil Engin. N. Amer. 260 To..render railway travelling more safe, an apparatus called a ‘guard’ has been very generally introduced. 1866Morn. Star 16 Mar. 6/1 The number-taker..saw the body of a man impaled on the iron guards in front of the engine. 1897Westm. Gaz. 20 May 9/3 Death was due to fracture of the skull, the guard of the engine having struck the man's head.
i.1840H. S. Tanner Canals & Railr. U.S. 111 High water guard 5 to 6 feet. Working guard 3 to 4 feet. 1842Francis, Dict. Arts, Guards, in engineering, upright pieces of wood, iron, or stone, fastened to the lock gates of a canal, the corners of a street, and similar situations, to prevent the passage of barges in the one place, and waggons in the other, from injuring the parts flush with, or near to the guard.
j.1829T. Flint George Mason 140 Madam Mason was.. sitting on the guards of the boat. 1850Lyell 2nd Visit U.S. II. 47 The other [door] leads out to the guard, as they call it, a long balcony or gallery, covered with a shade or verandah, which passes round the whole boat. 1855Ogilvie Suppl., Guards of a steam⁓boat, a widening of the deck by a frame-work of strong timbers, which curve out on each side to the paddle-wheels, and protect them and the shaft against collisions with wharfs and other boats. 1897Daily News 28 Sept. 6/6 Each boat that comes up the river is loaded to the guards with railway supplies for Wardner.
k.1881Raymond Mining Gloss., Guard, a support in front of a roll-train to guide the bar into the groove, sometimes called a side-guide.
l.1708Brit. Apollo No. 1. 4/1 Any Persons, upon directing their Letters to the Printer superscrib'd, for the British Apollo, may have this Paper brought to their Houses..Likewise the Books of Guards neatly bound to keep 'em in, at two Shillings a piece. 1747Spence Polymetes Direct. Binder, Plate 9, 18, 24, & 34; to be done with guards. 1882P. Fitzgerald Recreat. Lit. Man (1883) 250 When the guards have been filled and the volume begins to bulge. Ibid. 274 Special books with guards..for pasting into. 1896Times 29 Feb. 10/3 It has been arranged for the book to be issued..with ‘guards’ at the end for additional leaves.
m.1860R. Fowler Med. Voc., Guard, a thickly folded cloth, or other article, placed upon a bed so as to guard it from the discharges of parturition, or of any disease.
n.1851–6Woodward Mollusca 74 The phragmocone of the belemnite..is usually eccentric, its apex being nearest to the ventral side of the guard. 1877Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. viii. 542 A straight phragmocone is enclosed within a more or less conical calcified laminated structure, the guard or rostrum.
o.1875Knight Dict. Mech., Guard, a light frame in which the nuts of bolts fit to prevent their unscrewing by the vibration of the engine.
p.1889in Cent. Dict. 1906A. E. Knight Compl. Cricketer ii. 49 Many players and most wicket-keepers wear additional guards for the more delicate parts of the body. 1939–40Army & Navy Stores Catal. 811/3 Football shin guards. Ibid. 812/3 The ‘Stopem’ hockey leg-guard.
17.
†a. Short for guard-room or guard-house. Obs.
1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 549 The Court hath three guards, betweene each of which is a great greene. 1714Ramsay Elegy J. Cowper 47 John quietly put them in the guard To learn mair sense. 1773Fergusson Poems (1807) 257 Pleys that bring him to the guard, And eke the council chaumir, Wi' shame that day.
b. Short for guard-finger, -lock, -rail, etc.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., s.v.
18. attrib. and Comb., as guard-dress, guard-duty, guard-mounting, guard-parade, guard-sloop, guard-soldier, guard-squadron; guard-like adj.; guard action Horology, ? the action connected with a guard-pin; guard band (a) Telecommunications, one of the frequency bands on either side of a communication band which serve to protect it from interference from adjacent communication bands; (b) a strip separating neighbouring recording tracks on magnetic tape; guard-board, (a) = chain-wale, channel n.2 (Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 1867); (b) a board designed to prevent objects from falling on to workmen engaged in building; guard-bolt (see quot.); guard book, (a) a blank book, furnished with guards (sense 16 l), for the reception of pasted scraps, invoices, newspaper cuttings, etc.; (b) see quot. 1867; guard-brush, on an electric railway, a metallic brush by means of which the current is conveyed to the motor; guard-cell Bot., one of the two cells that embrace the stomata of plants; guard-chain, (a) a chain used to secure something, esp. a part of the dress or personal equipment, as a watch, brooch, or bracelet; (b) a chain used as a protection; also fig.; guard-chamber = guard-room; guard-changing vbl. n., the action of changing the guard, esp. at St. James's and Buckingham Palace; guard-coat, a coat worn by a soldier of the Guards; guard-coffer, an external framework for the protection of the coffer or casing surrounding a concrete foundation; † guard-cot Anglo-Indian, a charpoy occupied by a soldier in the intervals of sentry duty; guard cradle (see quot. 1924); † guard-dagger, ? a dagger with a guard; in quot. attrib. of the shape of a certain cut of ‘whiskers’ (i.e. moustaches); guard-detail, ‘men from a company, regiment, etc. detailed from guard duty’ (Webster, 1890); guard dog, a watch-dog; guard-finger, ‘one of the teeth projecting forward from the cutter-bar of a harvester, and through which the knife plays’ (1875 Knight Dict. Mech.); guard-flag, ‘in a squadron, a flag indicating the ship whose turn it is to perform the duty of a guard-ship’ (Cent. Dict.); guard-foot, the foot of a contrivance, which acts also as a guard; guard hair = overhair; guard-horn, the horn used by the guard of a coach; guard-iron , (a) Naut. (see quot. 1769); (b) = 16 h; guard-lace, a kind of figured lace; guard-leaf, one of the leaves which separate the closely-packed blossoms on the stem of a double hollyhock; guard-lock (see quots.); guard-log Austral., a piece of timber laid on a road to keep the traffic on and off certain portions; guard net = guard cradle; guard-petal = guard-leaf; guard-pile, a pile placed as a protection in front of a quay or other structure; a fender or fender-pile (cf. 16 i); guard-pin, (a) Horology (see quot. 1884); (b) in a rifle, the pin by which the guard (sense 16 d) is attached; guard-plate, (a) in an electrometer = guard-ring; (b) ‘the plate which closes the opening in front of a cupola furnace, to whose iron casing it is attached by staples’ (1875 Knight Dict. Mech.); guard-polyp Zool., a zooid modified to serve a defensive function, as in the nematophore of a cœlenterate, a machopolyp; guard-report (see quot.); guard-ring, (a) a finger ring worn to keep another from slipping off; a keeper; (b) Electr. (see quot. 1893); † guard-star (see sense 12 above); guard-stone, one of a row of stones placed to keep vehicles off the sidewalk; guard-stops, the two points placed one on each side of a numeral, letter, figure, etc.; guard's van, the railway coach or compartment occupied by a guard; guard tent, ‘one of the tents occupied by a military guard when the command is in the field or in camp’ (Cent. Dict.); guard tube, (a) (see quot. 1893; (b) a cylindrical conductor surrounding part of a wire anode (in an ionization chamber or proportional counter) which modifies the shape of the electric field and makes the sensitive volume of the chamber more clearly defined; (c) one of a series of ionization chambers placed so as to surround a weakly radioactive source and the chambers used to detect its radiation, and connected so as to prevent radiation from other sources from being counted (see quot. 1964); guard wire (see quot. 1941). Also guard-boat, guard-house, guard-room, guard-ship.
1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 89 Double Roller Escapement, a variety of the Lever Escapement, in which a separate roller is used for the *guard action.
1956W. C. Michels Internat. Dict. Physics 79/1 Interference *guard bands. 1958H. G. M. Spratt Magn. Tape Recording viii. 219 The centre 0·05 in. wide strip is left as a guard band and reduces the possibilities of cross⁓talk. 1960J. L. Bernstein Video Tape Recording v. 91 When a signal track slips off the playback gap so that 1/3 of the gap length is covered by a guard band, the noise level increases by 3 db. 1960M. S. Kiver F-M Simplified (ed. 3) i. 8 Each station..is assigned a bandwidth of 200 kc. Of this 200-kc bandwidth, 150 ({pm}75) kc is to be employed for the modulation and the remaining 50 ({pm}25) kc is to function as a guardband.
1898Daily News 22 Mar. 2/5 Evidence was given that *guard boards were put up immediately after the accident.
1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl., *Guard Bolt, a flat-headed screw-bolt, fully counter-sunk, for fastening the guards of mowing machines to the bars.
1839J. Romilly Diary 8 May (1967) 169 Pasted documts in *Guard Book all the Evg. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Guard-book, report of guard; a copy of which is delivered at the admiral's office by the officer of the last guard. Also, a full set of his accounts kept by a warrant-officer for the purpose of passing them. 1881Bookseller's Catal., Guard Book—Twenty-two inches square, containing 68 leaves of stout drawing paper. 1891Daily News 28 Oct. 2/7 In respect of this he had searched the guard-book, and could find no trace of the transfer of this share. 1903Daily Chron. 18 Nov. 8/6 Book Sewers wanted, used to guardbooks and scrap-books. 1907Westm. Gaz. 9 Dec. 7/2 He also produced the ‘transfer guard-book’. 1933D. L. Sayers Murder must Advertise i. 18 He propped up the Dairyfields guard-book before him, and fell to studying his predecessor's masterpieces on the subject of Green Pastures Margarine. 1961T. Landau Encycl. Librarianship (ed. 2) 158/2 Guard book catalogue, a catalogue in book form (bound or loose-leaf), the entries being..made on slips and pasted on blank pages.
1888Science 21 Dec. 302/1 The current is conveyed from the *guard-brushes and the wheels to the motor, and through the other rail to the ground [on an electric railway].
1875Bennett & Dyer Sachs' Bot. 88 We have a cell surrounded by several cells formed in this manner, which afterwards forms the two *guard-cells (as in Crassulaceæ, Begoniaceæ, Cruciferæ).
1832F. Trollope Dom. Manners Amer. II. xxx. 211 [His] toilet was equally studied; eye-glass, *guard⁓chain, nothing was omitted. 1837Dickens Pickw. liv. 591 Very little watches and very large guard chains. 1838Dickens O. Twist ix, The merry old gentleman; placing..a watch in his waistcoat pocket, with a guard-chain round his neck. 1846Mrs. Gore Eng. Charac. (1852) 101 In a velvet waistcoat and gilt guard-chain. 1860Piesse Lab. Chem. Wonders 7 It [Gunpowder] is the guard-chain and strong bolt which keep the barbarian thief from entering the precincts of the peaceful and industrious. 1894A. Morrison Tales Mean Streets 280 Old Jack sat on the guard-chain of a flowery grave. 1896Daily Tel. 19 Mar. 8/3 The guard-chain of Waterloo Pier.
1611Bible 1 Kings xiv. 28 The guard..brought them backe into the *guard-chamber. 1707Lond. Gaz. No. 4334/5 When they had ascended to the Guard-Chamber, they were receiv'd there by the Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard. 1788H. Walpole Remin. iii. 32 The yeomen in the guard-chamber pointed their halberds at my breast.
1904Daily Chron. 30 May 8/2 The minor formalities of *guard-changing are completed. 1907Westm. Gaz. 12 Nov. 9/1 The ceremony of guard-changing in the quadrangle.
1924S. R. Roget Dict. Electr. Terms 102/1 *Guard cradle or net, an earthed network of wires placed under overhead conductors at points where danger might be produced by their falling. 1940Chambers's Techn. Dict. 393/1 Guard cradle, a network of wires serving the same purpose as a guard wire. Also called guard net.
1711Steele Spect. No. 88 ⁋4 Coming down a tavern-stairs in his master's fine *guard-coat..he met the colonel coming up with other company.
1776G. Semple Building in Water 131 To secure the Coffer or Coffers more effectually, you may environ and secure them with double or single *Guard-coffers.
c1813Mrs. Sherwood Stories Ch. Catech. xi. 86 Three or four men, who sat talking together upon a *guard-cot, just out at the door in the verandah.
1786Pogonologia 80 There were Spanish, Turkish, *guard-dagger, &c. whiskers.
1796Windham Speeches Parl. 25 Apr. (1812) I. 287 The dogs that worry sheep are pointers, hounds, lurchers, *guard-dogs, &c. 1967‘M. Hunter’ Cambridgeshire Disaster v. 31 The double chainlink fencing and the *guard dogs. 1971B. Callison Plague of Sailors 7 Ancillary boards stated..: Unrestricted guard dog operation do not pass this point.
1832G. Downes Lett. Cont. Countries I. 141 An old Vienna *Guard-dress.
1862T. W. Higginson Army Life Black Reg. (1870) 28 *Guard duty is an admirable school for this. 1894Outing (U.S.) XXIV. 314/1 There should be no time devoted to company drills in camp, or to teaching the rudiments of guard duty.
1879Thomson & Tait Nat. Phil. I. i. §168 One or two *guard feet, not to touch the plane except in case of accident, ought to be added to give a broad enough base for safety.
1913J. W. Jones Furs Farming in Canada iv. 96 Mammals which have a short, fine, soft coat of fur through which grows hair, usually of greater length, variously called overfur, water⁓fur, *guard-hair, are known as fur-bearers. 1921Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 9 Oct. 19/4 The fur of the muskrat..is very much like the beaver's fur..having two kinds—the long, coarse guard hairs and the soft undercoat. 1930M. de la Roche Finch's Fortune xxiii. 303 It was growing into a rugged animal of good girth, the glossy black of its pelt shading to blue-black, the silver bands on the guard hairs bright as polished metal. 1966Times 25 Apr. 13/1 Simulated..furs..now..have..‘guard-hair’.
1829T. Hook Bank to Barnes 42, I was prevented from examining other objects by the *guard-horn.
1769Falconer Dict. Marine, *Guard-irons, certain curved or arched bars of iron placed over the ornamental figures, on a ship's head or quarter, to defend them from the impression of some other ship when they lie close to, or rub against each other. 1802J. Perrott in Naval Chron. VII. 349, I saw him taking hold of the guard-iron. 1877M. Reynolds Loco.-Engine Driving 100 He also stepped over to his own side of the engine foot-plate, and he had scarcely been there fifteen seconds when something was struck by the buffer-beam or guard-iron of the engine.
1804Trans. Soc. Arts XXII. 234 A Loom that makes the satin *guard lace, or any other figured lace.
1849Beck's Florist 276 The new and superior varieties have a semi-spherical flower exceedingly double, with closely serried petals, and a flat regular *guard-leaf.
1608Chapman Byron's Conspir. Plays 1873 II. 201 Pitch him from him with such *guardlike strength.
1815Niles' Weekly Reg. IX. 44/2 The boat, having entered the *guard lock, went through the new canal. 1840H. S. Tanner Canals & Railr. U.S. 250 Guard lock, in canalling, is employed in maintaining the level of a canal, by preventing the encroachment of water from rivers, lakes, &c., when elevated beyond the prescribed level. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Guard-lock (Hydraulic Engineering), a tide-lock, forming a communication between a basin and tide-water.
1890‘Rolf Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 128 We may do it yet,..if we can clear those cursed *guard-logs near the bottom.
1844Regul. & Ord. Army 158 In *Guard Mounting Order, the Great Coat is to be folded and carried flat, the top being in a line with the bottom of the Coat Collar. Ibid. 261 All Grenadier and Fusilier Regiments are, when marching in quick time, upon occasions of Guard-mounting, Parade or Review, to march to the Grenadier's March. 1861G. F. Berkeley Sportsm. W. Prairies xiv. 233, I attended guard-mounting and with Major Wassells inspected the barrack-rooms and arms.
1924,1940*Guard net [see guard cradle].
1828J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner (ed. 2) 97 From the quarter *guard parade to the line of parade of the Battalion..62 yards.
1851Beck's Florist Oct. 237 This is a rosy-pink flower, full, and well formed, with just sufficient *guard-petal and no more.
1739C. Labelye Short Acc. Piers Westm. Bridge 19 The Use of these Fenders, or *Guard-Piles, was to secure the Works from the approach of Barges, and other large Vessels.
1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 369/1 Passing on to the driving plane and repelling the pallet, would thereby press the *guard-pin against the edge of the roller. 1881Greener Gun 262 To take to pieces a breech-loader..first remove the fore-end and barrels; then..turn out the side-pins, and remove the locks and hammers together; next turn out the guard-pins, and remove the bow or guard. 1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 115 Guard Pin, Safety Pin, a pin in the lever escapement that prevents the pallets leaving the escape wheel when the hands of the watch are turned back.
1873Maxwell Electr. & Magn. §201 The interval between the disk and the *guard-plate may be regarded as a circular groove of infinite depth.
1888Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life (ed. 2) 758 The structures known as nematophores, sarcothecae, *guard-polypes or macho-polypes.
1872–6Voyle & Stevenson Milit. Dict., *Guard report, a report sent in by the relieved officer to the officer commanding, detailing a statement of duties peformed by his guard while on duty.
1817M. Edgeworth Harrington I. xvii. 462 She never wore Sir Josseline's ring, without putting on..another,..which she called her *guard ring, a ring which being tighter than Sir Josseline's, kept it safe on her finger. 1873Maxwell Electr. & Magn. §201 A plane disk..surrounded by a large plane plate called a Guard-ring with a circular aperture..concentric with the disk. 1893Sloane Electr. Dict., Guard Ring, an annular horizontal surface surrounding the balanced disc in the absolute electrometer.
1708Lond. Gaz. No. 4459/1, 14 Sail of Brigantines and Sloops,..under Convoy of the Duke of Anjou's *Guard Sloop, of betwixt 70 and 80 Men. 1739Encour. Sea-f. People 35 Capt. Coleby..fought the Guard-Sloop.
1601Holland Pliny I. 166 Iunius Valens a captaine, pensioner or centurion of the *gard-souldiers about Augustus Cæsar.
1850Grote Greece ii. lxiii. VIII. 143 note, Although watch had been enjoined to them (i.e. to the Peloponnesian *guard-squadron at Abydos).
1690Leybourn Curs. Math. 693 Then find the Point of the Compass, that the *Guard-Star is upon, in the first..Column of the Table.
1865Parkman Champlain v. 257 His foot upon a *guard-stone, he thrust his head and shoulders into the coach. 1878Technol. Dict., Eng.-Ger.-Fr. (ed. 3), Guard-stone (Build., Roads, etc.). Der Prellstein, Borne.
1866Furnivall Pref. to Stacions of Rome (E.E.T.S. 1867) 6 Here..it is, and printed with all its metrical points, and *guard-stops on each side of figures and single letters.
1848E. Bryant California iv. 52 They were greatly alarmed when brought to the *guard tent, expecting immediate punishment.
1893Sloane Electr. Dict., *Guard Tube, a metal tube surrounding a dry pile used with a quadrant electrometer, or other electrometers of that type. 1951Rev. Sci. Instr. XXII. 38/1 The best possible insulation of the collecting electrode is required, and..the use of earthed guard tubes to protect the wire is generally a necessity. 1958H. Etherington Nuclear Engin. Handbk. v. 14 End effects will involve regions of non-uniform A and of uncertain limits of the counting volume unless ‘guard tubes’ or field-shaping features are employed. 1963B. Fozard Instrumentation Nuclear Reactors v. 60 Counting work of this kind requires the use of anticoincidence circuits and guard tubes. 1964R. D. Rusk Introd. Atomic & Nucl. Physics (ed. 2) xiii. 308 The surrounding ring of guard tubes is connected in anticoincidence with the counting tubes that are near the source. A cosmic ray passing through one of the counting tubes would not be counted because it would first have to pass through one of the anticoincident guard tubes.
1881*Guard van [see van boy (van n.3 3)]. 1916W. Owen Let. 29 Dec. (1967) 417 Train was wickedly late. I travelled in Guard's van.
1902Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engin. XXXI. 91 Probably the most efficient safeguard at present is earthed *guard wire put up in accordance with Post Office regulations. 1920R. E. Neale Whittaker's Electr. Engin. Pocket-bk. (ed. 4) 579 Earthed guard wires..must be erected, at a minimum height of 2′ above the trolley wires, where telephone and telegraph wires cross the latter. 1941S. R. Roget Dict. Electr. Terms (ed. 4) 156/2 Guard wire, an earthed wire, above an overhead line, to catch other wires which may fall accidentally across the line, and to ensure their being earthed before coming into contact with the line to be protected.
▪ II. guard, v.|gɑːd|
Also 6–8 gard(e, (in sense 7, 6 pa. pple. gard, 9 gard), Sc. gaird, 7 guaird.
[f. guard n., or ad. F. garder, earlier guarder (= It. guardare, Sp. guardar):—Rom. *guardare, a. OTeut. *wardôn, f. *wardâ: see ward, guard ns.]
1. a. trans. To keep in safety from injury or attack; to stand guard or sentinel over; to keep (a door, etc.) so as to prevent entrance or exit; to take care of, protect, defend. (With material and immaterial objects.) † Also with in.
1583Stanyhurst æneis iii. (Arb.) 81 King Helenus, with a crowding coompanye garded. 1593Shakes. Lucr. 626 Draw not thy sword to gard iniquitie. 1597― 2 Hen. IV, iv. v. 145 There is your Crowne, And he that weares the Crowne immortally, Long guard it yours. 1598Barret Theor. Warres iv. ii. 105 The companies which haue the ward, are alwayes to sallie to gard the trenches. 1608Day Hum. out of Br. v. i. (1881) 69 Guard in my safety with a ring of steele, And marke how proudly heele demeane reuenge. 1617Sir W. Mure Misc. Poems xxi. 55 Heavens..did thy royall grandeur guaird. a1657― Ps. cxxi. 8 He guaird thee shal about. 1667Milton P.L. ii. 1033 Except whom God and good Angels guard by special grace. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. ii. 143 Two men, each holding a Pike, as if they Guarded these Doors. 1742H. Walpole Lett. (1846) I. 239 The King of Poland is guarding all the avenues of Saxony. 1749Fielding Tom Jones xii. xiv, Jones stood with his sword drawn in his hand to guard the poor fellow. 1780Cowper Table T. 315 Let active laws apply the needful curb To guard the peace that riot would disturb. 1838Thirlwall Greece III. 149 He was to guard the entrance of the Corinthian gulf. Ibid. V. 47 They were so negligently guarded, that..they contrived to make themselves masters of the fortress. 1859Tennyson Elaine 4 Elaine..High in her chamber up a tower to the east Guarded the sacred shield of Lancelot. 1883C. J. Wills Mod. Persia 376 Peacocks are..supposed only to be kept by royalty;..the privilege of keeping them is zealously guarded. 1898J. Arch Story of Life xv. 369 You may just as well expect the cat to guard the cream.
refl.1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. iv. v. 253 Henceforth guard thee well. 1781Cowper Anti-Thelyph. 189 Guard thee well, expect no feigned attack; And guard beside the sorceress at thy back!
b. said of impersonal objects.
1593Shakes. Lucr. 493, I thinke the honie garded with a sting. a1625Beaum. & Fl. Bloody Bro. iv. i, Mercy becomes a Prince, and guards him best. 1667Milton P.L. xi. 122 Of a sword the flame Wide-waving..to..guard all passage to the Tree of Life. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 40 A Coat of Armour over it like an Hedg-hogs, guards its weighty Fruit. 1725Berkeley Proposal etc. Wks. III. 222 Two narrow entrances, both well guarded by forts. 1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xxv, The place is guarded enough by the high walls of the castle and the east turret. 1830Tennyson Recoll. Arab. Nts. 23 Where clear-stemm'd platans guard The outlet [of a stream]. 1876J. Parker Paracl. i. ii. 15 Every moment of the Jew's time, and every act of the Jew's life, was guarded by a regulation.
c. To protect or defend from, against. Also refl.
1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, iii. i. 249 To guard the Chicken from a hungry Kyte. 1697W. Dampier Voy. I. 8 They will guard them-selves from Arrows, tho they come very thick. 1711Addison Spect. No. 162 ⁋4 One would take more than ordinary Care to guard ones self against this particular Imperfection [inconstancy], because it is that which our Nature very strongly inclines us to. 1838Lytton Calderon v, By guarding him from all friendships save with those whose affection to myself I can trust. 1852Tennyson Wellington 68 Guarding realms and kings from shame. 1855― Maud i. vi. 60 Myself from myself I guard.
d. To attend, accompany, or escort (to a place) as a guard. arch.
1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, iv. ii. 122 Some guard these Traitors to the Block of Death. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 434 A triple Sunne, attended and guarded with a double Rainbow. 1697S. Sewall Diary 6 Oct. (1878) I. 461 Came between 12. and 1. to the Townh. Chamber and Guarded the Governour and Council to the Anchor. 1702Ibid. 11 June (1879) II. 59 Just about dark Troops Guarded the Govr. to Roxbury. a1732Gay Town Eclog., Friday 18 in Lady M.W. Montagu's Poet. Wks. (1768) 36 No more..shall..white-glov'd beaus encroach In crowds behind, to guard me to my coach. 1850Tennyson In Mem. xvii. 12 My blessing, like a line of light, Is on the waters day and night, And like a beacon guards thee home.
2. To provide with safeguards; to secure from misunderstanding or abuse by explanations or stipulations; Med., to render the action of (a drug) safe by administering correctives along with it.
1726Broome On Odyss. xxiv. V. 261 It is not easy to guard the doctrine of Homer from such unhappy consequences. 1891Law Times XC. 462/2 The judges carefully guarded themselves from being supposed to lay down any new rule. 1900J. Hutchinson Archives Surgery XI. No. 41, I give it [sc. mercury] in small, frequently repeated doses, well guarded with opium.
†3. To find out or ascertain by watching. Obs.
1597Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 1351 First gaird the grund of all his grief, Quhat sicknes ȝe suspect.
4. To keep watch over, to prevent from exceeding bounds; to keep in check, control (thoughts, utterance).
1742Young Nt. Th. ii. 95 Guard well thy Thought; our Thoughts are heard in Heav'n. 1759Sterne Tr. Shandy ii. i, No doubt my uncle Toby had great command of himself, and could guard appearances, I believe, as well as most men. 1768H. Walpole Hist. Doubts 112 This..would make his testimony most suspicious, even if he had guarded his work within the rules of probability. 1780Cowper Table T. 83 Guard what you say: the patriotic tribe Will sneer, and charge you with a bribe. 1885Bible (R.V.) Prov. xiii. 3 He that guardeth his mouth keepeth his life.
†5. To parry (a blow); to ward off. Obs.
1661Bramhall Just Vind. ii. 20 We did not judge him, or punish him,..but only defended ourselves, by guarding his blowes, and repelling his injuries. 1695Collier Ess. ii. (1697) 112 There are few but may Shine in their own Orb..; so far at least as to guard off Contempt, and secure a moderate Repute.
6. Sporting colloq.
1893Daily News 8 May 2/2 The list of disasters caused by starting Siffleuse and putting T. Loates up, without guarding the favourite. 1897Encycl. Sport I. 209 Guarding—When two or more greyhounds are entered in a stake, the bona fide property of the same owner, the order of running is altered, so that they may meet other greyhounds, should they come together.
7. To ornament (a garment, etc.) with ‘guards’; to trim, as with braid, lace, velvet, etc.; also transf., to stripe. occas. with about.
1500in Furnivall Ballads fr. MSS. I. 456 Hys hosen shalbe freshely gard Wyth colours ii or thre. a1529Skelton Bowge of Crt. 508 His hode all pounsed and garded lyke a cage. 1530Palsgr. 560/2 Some men garde their cootes for plesure, but I garde my hose for profyte. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. ii. iii. 37 Gownes or coates of velvet..which they gard about with broad bands of velvet. 1606Holland Sueton. Annot. 2 This purple Robe bordered, called Prætexta, was..embrodered..or garded about with purple. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 712 Sharkes..which had other six or seven smaller fishes, garded with blew and greene, attending. 1665–76Rea Flora (ed. 2) 93 The flowers are of a pale blush colour, with small and sharp pointed leaves, which become striped, and garded with a dark sad purple. 1707Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. ii. xiv. 183 These wear Scarlet Coats down to the Knee, and Scarlet Breeches, both richly guarded with black Velvet. 1826Scott Woodst. xxx. III. 159 A boy, in an orange-tawney doublet,..guarded with blue worsted lace. 1884J. Payne Tales fr. Arabic I. 61 On the mule's back was a litter of gold-inwoven brocade, garded about with an embroidered band set with gold and jewels.
fig.1595Shakes. John iv. ii. 10 To guard a Title, that was rich before; To gilde refined Gold. 1599― Much Ado i. i. 288 The body of your discourse is sometime guarded with fragments, and the guardes are but slightly basted on neither. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. ii. ii. §26 He brought in a Religion spun with a Courser Threed, though garded with a Finer Trimming.
punningly.1624Heywood Captives iii. ii. in Bullen O. Pl. IV, We will see his fooles coat guarded, ey and reguarded too from slipping out of our fingers.
8. a. intr. To be on one's guard; to stand on guard or as a sentinel; to take up or maintain a position of defence (with direct or indirect reference to fencing).
1590Shakes. Com. Err. v. i. 185 Come stand by me, feare nothing: guard with Halberds. 1593― 2 Hen. VI, v. ii. 33 Feare frames disorder, and disorder wounds Where it should guard. 1607― Cor. v. ii. 2, 1 Wat. Stay: whence are you. 2 Wat. Stand, and go backe. Me. You guard like men. 1695Collier Ess. ii. (1697) 69 There are other nice..Cases in which a Man must Guard, if he intends to keep Fair with the World, and turn the Penny. 1802James Milit. Dict. s.v., Prepare to Guard, in the cavalry sword exercise. 1860O. W. Holmes Meet. Nat. Sanitary Assoc. 51 To guard is better than to heal,—The shield is nobler than the spear! 1892E. Reeves Homeward Bound 208 Apparently imitating English fencing, they occasionally struck and guarded in the different positions.
b. to guard against: to take up a position of defence with regard to, to take precautions against. Also with indirect pass.
1725Watts Logic i. iv. §1 (1726) 46 To guard against such Mistakes..it is necessary to acquaint our selves a little with Words and Terms. 1769Junius Lett. xviii. 81 Laws..are intended to guard against what men may do, not to trust to what they will do. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) I. 464 The great danger of parol declarations, against which the statute was intended to guard. 1832H. Martineau Demerara ii. 17, I do not see at present how we are to guard against hurricanes. 1874Green Short Hist. iii. §2. 120 He had guarded jealously against any revolt of the baronage. 1883A. Roberts O.T. Revision ii. 29 This is a fallacy to be most carefully guarded against in dealing with all Biblical questions.
9. Curling.
a. trans. To ‘cover’ or defend (a stone) by planting one in a line between it and oneself. Also absol.
b. intr. Said of a stone so planted to defend a partner's stone. Applied also to a similar stroke of play in Bowls (see guarding vbl. n. 3).
1685Lintoun Green (1817) 38 (E.D.D.) To draw, guard, strike, or wick he tries. 1786Burns Tam Samson's El. 26 He was the king o' a' the Core, To guard, or draw, or wick a bore. 1840D. P. Blaine Rur. Sports 118 The object of the next in order is to guard the stone of his partner, or to strike off that of his antagonist. 1878‘Capt. Crawley’ Football etc. 127 (Curling) A stone is said to guard when it lies in a line between the player and the tee, with another stone belonging to the same side within it. 1897Encycl. Sport I. 258 (Curling) The Stone played..must be over the Hog, but must not touch the Stone to be guarded.
10. Chess. (trans.) To support a piece or pawn with another.
1761Hoyle Ess. Chess 53 You are to observe this Rule, not to guard your Pawn, unless [etc.]. 1835Hoyle's Games 338 Never guard an inferior piece or pawn with a better, if you can do it with a pawn.
11. Bookbinding.
a. To supply (a guard book) with guards.
b. To attach (a leaf or plate) to a guard. (Funk's Stand. Dict.)
12. Cricket. To defend, protect, or cover (the wicket). (Cf. guard n. 3 b.)
c1742J. Love Cricket iii. 20 Now the two mightiest of the fainting Host..With pow'rful Skill, their threat'ned Wickets guard. 1851J. Pycroft Cricket Field vii. 117 Yet few, very few, every play as upright as they might play, and that even to guard their three stumps. |