| 释义 |
▪ I. ˈunderrun, n.
1. [under-1 5 b.] An undercurrent.
1894Pall Mall Mag. Nov. 381 You may..watch her little shape soar to the underrun of a billow. 1898Geogr. Jrnl. March 291 The discovery of the underrun of the Hudson.
2. [under-1 10 b: see sense 4 of the vb.] (An instance of) underrunning; the extent to which a programme, project, etc., underruns.
1941B.B.C. Gloss. Broadcasting Terms 34 Underrun, extent by which a programme falls short of its allotted time. 1967A. Battersby Network Analysis (ed. 2) xiv. 238 An example is shown in Fig. 14.2, which displays the extent to which the project is ahead of schedule or behind it, referred to respectively as ‘over-run’ and ‘under-run’.
3. [under-1 4 d] The act of running under something, spec. (of a vehicle) under the back of the vehicle in front. Used attrib. and in Comb., as underrun bar, bumper, etc., a guard attached to the back of a large-wheeled vehicle to prevent other vehicles running underneath.
1969Jane's Freight Containers 1968–69 532/1 Under-run bar, at the rear of the chassis a massive bumper bar is provided. 1970Daily Tel. 27 May 11/4 What are needed are under-run bumpers or similar protective structures at the rear of lorries, intended to catch a car that might run into them. 1973Care on Road (RoSPA) Feb. 9/1 Referring to under-run accidents on motorways, the report says: ‘There were severe and multiple fractures of skull and face with associated brain damage.’ 1974Ibid. Oct. 7/2 Some trailer-manufacturers do fit under-run bumpers. 1980Daily Tel. 24 May 30/4 Under-run accidents are one of the most lethal types of collisions, particularly on motorways.
▪ II. underˈrun, v.
[under-1 4 a, b; in sense 4, under-1 10 a. Cf. OE. underirnan.]
1. trans. To run, flow, or pass beneath.
1594Kyd Cornelia iv. ii. 47 Those braue Germains..Beheld the swift Rheyn vnder-run mine Ensignes. 1681T. Flatman Heraclitus Ridens No. 13 (1713) I. 86 These fruitful Meadows came to be stock'd and under-run with those subterranean Inhabitants, vulgarly called Moles. 1799W. Tooke View Russian Emp. I. 157 The granite is under-run by schistose earth. 1855Maury Phys. Geog. Sea i. §14 One part of it underruns the Gulf Stream. 1880Blackmore Mary Anerley III. vii. 94 A scowl of dark vapour came over the headlands, and under-ran the solid snow-clouds.
fig.1882W. B. Weeden Soc. Law Labor 68 The principle..underran all these modifications.
2. Naut.
a. To overhaul or examine (a cable, etc.) on the under side, spec. by drawing a boat along under it.
1547Admiralty Crt. Oyer & Terminer 73 No. 21, They toke y⊇ kabyll in the botts hed and under rynned y⊇ kabyll tyll yt was a pyke. 1633T. James Voy. 79 We vnder-run our small Cable. 1667Ld. Brouncker Let. to Pepys 3 July, Not only in my own opinion is the chain broke,..yet we could nether spare hands nor lighter to underrunn it. 1745P. Thomas Jrnl. Anson's Voy. 156 They..underran the Cables by which..[the ship] rode. 1798Hull Advertiser 25 Aug. 3/2 The harbour..is..very rocky, the bottom so much so as to make it necessary to under-run every cable. 1834Marryat P. Simple viii, Oblige me by under-running the guess warp. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 706.
b. (See quot.)
1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1780), To under-run a tackle, is to separate the several parts of which it is composed, and range them in order, from one block to the other.
c. To pull in (a net or trawl) in order to clear it of the catch and reset it.
1883L. Z. Joncas Fisheries Canada 30 As soon as the seals are caught in the meshes, the men under-run the nets. 1897Kipling Capt. Cour. 101 Underrunning a trawl means pulling it in on one side of the dory, picking off the fish, rebaiting the hooks, and passing them back to the sea again.
3. In pa. pple. (See quot. 1855.)
1855Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XVI. i. 9 Cut away all hoof that is separated from the sensitive parts, or, as a shepherd would say, as much as is ‘under-run’. 1908Animal Managem. 337 Any horn [of an ox-hoof] which is underrun should be removed.
4. intr. Of a broadcast programme, item, etc.: to run for less than its allotted time.
1941B.B.C. Gloss. Broadcasting Terms 34 Underrun, to fall short of the allotted time (of a programme). 1962[see overrun v. 10 d].
5. Of a car: to run under a larger vehicle in front. Cf. underrun n. 3.
1972Care on Road (RoSPA) Sept. 9/4 A carefully designed bumper is essential at the rear of every truck. It must be large enough to prevent the car under-running. |