| 释义 |
▪ I. gut, n.|gʌt|
Forms: 1 pl. guttas, 3–5 gotte, 4–7 gutte, 5 gowt, gute, 5–8 gutt, 4– gut.
[OE. guttas str. masc. pl.; the vowel seems to point to a prehistoric type *guttu- (:—pre-Teut. *ghudnú-), f. the root of Goth. giutan, OHG. gioȥȥan (G. gieszen), OE. ᵹéotan to pour: see yete v.]
1. collect. pl.
a. The contents of the abdominal cavity; the bowels, entrails. Formerly, but not now, in dignified use with reference to man.
† In biblical language sometimes fig. = ‘bowels’, ‘inward parts’.
a1000O.E. Gloss. 198 in Mone's Quellen und Forschungen (1830) 333 Viscerum receptacula, guttas, innoþas, and fencgas [read and-fencgas]. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 10806 On him smot..In aboute þe fondement..& so vp toward þe gottes. a1300E.E. Psalter l. 12 Clene hert make in me, God, and trewe, And right gaste in mi guttes newe. 13..K. Alis. 4469 Of some theo gottes hongyn oute. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. vii. 398 Hus guttes gonne godely as two gredy sowes. c1440Anc. Cookery in Househ. Ord. (1790) 440 Take the gottes of the goose..and scrape hom clene. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. xcvii. 77 They caste on hym the guttes of reyghes and of fissh. 1580Sidney Ps. xxxi. v, My eyes, my guts, yea my soule, grief doth wast. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, ii. iv. 285 Falstaffe, you caried your Guts away..nimbly. a1605Montgomerie Misc. Poems v. 11 My guttis ar grippit so with grief, It eitis me vp in yre. 1664Chas. II in Julia Cartwright Henrietta of Orleans (1894) 176 Poor Oneale..died this afternoon of an ulser in his gutts. 1692Locke Educ. 26 The Peristaltick motion of the guts. 1707Floyer Physic. Pulse-Watch 286 The more acrid any Purge is, the more it irritates the Guts. a1715Burnet Own Time (1724) I. 633 Yet he had not pierced his guts; So his wounds were not mortal. 1764Grainger Sugar-Cane ii. 75 note, They..are..foul feeders, many of them greedily devouring the raw guts of fowls. 1846Grote Greece (1869) I. 62 On the one side he placed the flesh and guts..on the other he put the bones enveloped in fat. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xxvi. (1856) 215 Half the guts, the spleen, and the pluck of my seal.
b. Phrases. † to have one's guts about one's ears (a hyperbolical threat); † (to grieve) to the guts: deeply, to the very soul; to have (a person's) guts for garters (a hyperbolical threat); to hate (a person's) guts: to dislike (a person) intensely; to sweat (or work) one's guts out: to work extremely hard.
a1592R. Greene Sc. Hist. James Fourth (1598) iii. ii, Ile make garters of thy guttes, Thou villaine. 1601B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. iv. iii, Sir, I will garter my hose with your guttes. 1658–9Burton's Diary (1828) III. 108 They said our guts should be about our ears if we did not vote it. 1663Butler Hud. i. ii. 894 It griev'd him to the guts, that they..Shou'd offer such inhuman wrong. 1714J. Walker Sufferings Clergy II. 341/2 He hoped to have the Parson's Guts to Garter his Hose with. 1918Wine, Women & War (1926) 140 R— decided on different way, so did it all over again. Great boy, R—. Hate his guts! 1925F. Scott Fitzgerald Great Gatsby (1926) i. 9 There were men at New Haven who had hated his guts. 1930W. S. Maugham Breadwinner ii. 101 God knows, it's been an uphill job, but I've done my best. I've just sweated my guts out. 1932N. Coward Words & Music in Play Parade (1939) II. 111 We have to work our guts out...We have to hop and bustle. 1933Cornh. Mag. Mar. 698 I'll 'ave yer guts fer garters. 1935Auden & Isherwood Dog beneath Skin ii. v, One o' these dys I'll 'ave 'is guts fer garters. 1936N. Coward To-Night at 8.30 II. 31 You know perfectly well I hate Freda's guts. 1937‘G. Orwell’ England Your England (1953) 191 It is brought home to you, at least while you are watching, that it is only because miners sweat their guts out that superior persons can remain superior. 1938G. Greene Brighton Rock vii. viii. 338 He hates her guts. 1945Wodehouse Let. 22 May in Performing Flea (1953) 126 The entire personnel of the cast sweat their guts out..and then the studio discovers that it doesn't own the rights to the novel. 1959Listener 24 Sept. 495/3 Those who (to use a colloquial phrase that does justice to feelings, especially in war time) ‘hated his guts’. 1967Guardian 29 Dec. 6/3 Resentment in Service quarters is now focusing on Mr Healey... But those who are demanding his guts for garters are making a mistake.
c. transf. The inside, internal fittings, contents of anything. Also fig. (slang or colloq.) substantial contents, ‘something in’ a thing; so † to have guts in one's brains.
1663Butler Hud. iii. 1091 Truly that is no Hard Matter for a Man to do, That has but any Guts in 's Brains. 1694Motteux Rabelais v. Prol. (1737) 53 One without Guts in his Brains, whose Cockloft is unfurnish'd. a1704T. Brown Wks. (1730) I. 278 His brother boars, I presume, will have more guts in their brains for the future than to pick a quarrel with such as preserve their lives. 1751R. Paltock P. Wilkins xii. (1883) 39/2 Well, thinks I, what if I have lost my gourds, I have gained experience. I will dry them next time with the guts in. 1863P. Barry Dockyard Econ. 130 The whole ‘guts’ of the ships had besides to be torn out for the passage of the shaft. 1892R. L. Stevenson Lett. (1899) II. 276, I..can almost always get a happy day out of Marion Crawford—ce n'est pas toujours la guerre, but it's got life to it and guts, and it moves. 1897Barrère & Leland Dict. Slang, Guts..(Artists), ‘no guts in it’. The expression is pretty general, but it is more specially used by artists to announce their opinion that there is nothing in a picture.
d. pl. Energy, verve, staying power; courage, force of character. colloq.
Cf. dial. phr. to have neither gut nor gall (1887 in E.D.D.).
1893Farmer Slang s.v., Put your guts into it..= Row the very best you can. He (or it) has no guts in him (or it) = He (or it) is a common rotter. 1900G. Swift Somerley 85 If you have what are, at Cambridge, vulgarly but expressively called ‘guts’. 1924W. M. Raine Troubled Waters ii. 22 It's about your size to send a skull-and-crossbones threat through the mail, but I notice you haven't the guts to sign it. 1924R. Keable Recompence i. 9 Can't you dig me out a chap with some guts, who has learned to rough it? 1933J. C. Powys Glastonbury Romance xxii. 713, I think, if you haven't the guts to act like a man in the matter, you ought to leave this girl alone. 1955Times 30 Aug. 5/2 That policeman had plenty of guts. I have been informed that the policeman was not seriously hurt.
2. A particular portion of the lower alimentary canal between the pylorus and the anus; = intestine: often preceded by a defining adjective, the higher portion being named little, small, † subtle, the lower great, large. † fat gut (= F. gras boyau, Cotgr.), the rectum (also arse-gut; right-gut: see the prefixed words). † hungry gut (see hungry a. 4), the jejunum. Also blind gut, the cæcum; transf. a cul-de-sac.
a. sing.
13..E.E. Allit. P. C 280 Þenne he [Ionas] lurkkes & laytes..In vche a nok of his nauel, but nowhere he fyndez No rest..bot ramelande myre, In wych gut so euer he gotz. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xlii. (1495) 158 The thyrde lytyll gutte is callyd in latyn secundo simul unum. 14..Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 678/11 Hic lien,..a longe gute. 1486Bk. St. Albans b vij b, Putt it in a small gut of a Capon. 1530Palsgr. 228/1 Gutte, a bowell, boyau. 1722Quincy Lex. Physico-Med. (ed. 2) 224 There is very much Fat about its [i.e. the rectum's] external side, for which reason it is called the Fat-Gut. 1789W. Buchan Dom. Med. (1790) 599 The operator..must with his fingers artfully conduct the gut in by the same aperture through which it came out. 1806Forsyth Beauties Scotl. IV. 415 The harbour [of Aberdeen] lies at the bottom of the eminence on which it stands, and is a blind gut, into which the tide flows, bending in a curved form. 1830R. Knox Beclard's Anat. 89 He..supposes it to be absorbed by the large gut. 1889J. M. Duncan Lect. Dis. Wom. xiv. (ed. 4) 96 They [fæces] may lie in any part of the great gut. 1897Hughes Mediterr. Fever iii. 153 The involvement of the large gut.
b. pl.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xlii. (1495) 158, vj pryncypall guttes, thre of theym ben subtyll..and thre aren grete. c1420Liber Cocorum (1862) 9 Skoure tho guttus with salt ichon. 1601Holland Pliny I. 342 Next to the bag of the Stomacke, men and sheepe have the small guts, called Lactes. 1707Floyer Physic. Pulse-Watch 25, I injected into the small Guts of a Cow..a sufficient quantity of Water to fill them. 1722Quincy Lex. Physico-Med. (ed. 2) 223 The third and last of the small Guts is the Ilium... The thick and great Guts are the Cæcum, Colon, and Rectum. 1813J. Thomson Lect. Inflam. 93 A solution of this substance injected into the great guts of a dog.
c. In generalized sense.
1803Med. Jrnl. X. 34 The portion of gut was about the size of a walnut. 1813J. Thomson Lect. Inflam. 211 The portion of gut which had been strangulated was found considerably inflamed. 1879St. George's Hosp. Rep. IX. 295 A knuckle of much congested gut.
d. Extended to the whole of the alimentary canal or its lower portion.
c1460J. Russell Bk. Nurture 607 Make clene þe place also þat ye calle his gowt. 1553Udall Geminus' Anat. A ii/1 The seconde portion of the gutte is called Ieiunum, or the hungry gutte, because he is euermore emptye. 1713J. Warder True Amazons (ed. 2) 5 [Speaking of bees.] In the hinder parts there is a Gut. 1811A. T. Thomson Lond. Disp. (1818) 403 Sheathing the rectum in cases of abrasion, and inflammation of the gut. 1842A. Combe Physiol. Digestion (ed. 4) 132 The pylorus..opens and allows it to pass into the gut. 1878Bell tr. Gegenbaur's Comp. Anat. 36 The inner germinal layer [is] the foundation of the gut or enteron. 1893Newton Dict. Birds 137 The intestine, or gut proper, begins at the pyloric end of the stomach and ends at the cloaca.
e. attrib. † small-gut man, a fencer who can pierce the small guts.
a1625Fletcher Love's Pilgr. iv. ii, Is there Ever a good heartist, or a member percer, or a Small-gut man left?
† f. transf. Applied to the shoots or bine of hops. Obs. rare. (Cf. gut v. 1 b.)
1573Tusser Husb. xxxviii. (1878) 91 From hop long gut away go cut... Sharpe knife to cut superfluous gut.
g. In machine sheep-shearing, a flexible shaft which conveys the power from an overhead source to the shearer's handpiece. Austral. and N.Z.
1956G. Bowen Wool Away! (ed. 2) viii. 100 The correct length of a gut is shown when, with the long and short gut connected, they hang so that the short gut swings just clear of the floor. 1965J. S. Gunn Terminol. Shearing Industry II. 35 The tube is a casing down which runs a flexible driving shaft known as the ‘gut’.
h. fig. Used, chiefly attrib., of an issue, question, etc.: basic, fundamental; also, of a reaction: instinctive and emotional rather than rational.
1964Economist 17 Oct. 261/3 For Harold Wilson it was a carefully planned campaign:..the neo-Kennedyism combined with a concentration on gut issues. 1968Guardian 26 Sept. 10/3 The three nights of rioting that followed his murder were an immediate gut reaction. 1969Times 22 July p. ii/3 The moon programme..was a gut issue, as even the less enthusiastic realized. 1969Daily Tel. 14 Nov. 5/2 When we [sc. the Americans] first went into space, we had no idea how much it was going to benefit the economy. We went in as a gut reaction to the Soviet challenge. 1970Win 15 June 4/1 There are some gut questions the pacifist must face. Ibid., Really, the questions are too gut for us. 1971Listener 19 Aug. 223/2 Most people's reaction to the Oz trial and sentences has been what one might call a gut-reaction—whether of shock or satisfaction.
i. Phr. to bust (or rupture) a gut: to exert oneself, to make a great effort. colloq.
1912Dialect Notes III. 572 Bust a gut,..to make a supreme effort. ‘Just bust a gut now and see if we can't lift this log.’ 1968C. Drummond Death & Leaping Ladies i. 23 ‘I'll be back in twenty minutes.’..‘Don't bust a gut,’ advised Miss Winkelbaum, ‘the hussies will be late.’ 1970J. Porter Rather Common Sort of Crime xiii. 154 If Mack'd been some fat, respectable, middle-aged old bastard, the cops'd've bust a gut nicking somebody fer croaking him. 1970W. Smith Gold Mine xiii. 36 ‘Huh!’ Popeye checked his watch. ‘Two hours forty to get down, you don't reckon to rupture a gut do you?’
3. a. sing. and pl. Put for the belly or stomach, esp. as the seat of appetite or gluttony. Now dial. and vulgar. gut and ga' (gall) (Sc.): the whole contents of the stomach.
1362Langl. P. Pl. A. xi. 44 Thei..demeth god in-to the gorge whon heore gottus follen. 1393Ibid. C. ii. 34 Al is noȝt good to þe gost þat þe gut Askeþ. 1535Tindale Tracy's Test. 13 Dame Avarice, with as greedy a gut..as the best. 1557N. Grimalde in Tottel's Misc. (Arb.) 120 Lions..Whose greedy gutts the gnawing hoonger pricks. 1616R. C. Times' Whistle ii. 772 To putt Scraps twice runne over, in thy half starvd gutt. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. i. ii. ii. ii. (1651) 72 Gluttony kills more than the sword,..this al-devouring and murdering gut. 1644Bp. Hall Rem. Wks. (1660) 101 That had learn'd to govern his Tongue, his Gut, his concupiscence; these three. 1693Dryden's Juvenal iv. (1697) 77 For his own Gut he bought the stately Fish. 1726Gay Fables ii. iii. 96 Here ev'ry day he cram'd his guts. 1768Ross Helenore (1789) 56 Gut and ga' she keest with braking strange. 1790A. Wilson in Poems & Lit. Prose (1876) II. 244 An inn's thy temple, and thy God thy guts.
b. pl. A corpulent or gluttonous person.
[1550, etc.: cf. greedy-guts.] 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, ii. iv. 251 Thou Clay-brayn'd Guts. a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Gutts, a very fat, gross Person. 1869R. Lytton Orval 177 March, march, old guts! This is a lazy lord. 1896Warwicksh. Gloss., Guts, a glutton. 1959I. & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolch. ix. 168 The unfortunate fat boy..is known as..guts, [etc.].
4. The intestines of animals employed for various purposes.
a. pl. As food: = offal. Phrase: not fit to carry guts to a bear.
1602Narcissus (1893) 284 O thou that pickest wisdome out of guttes. 1692L'Estrange Fables cxxxv. 124 Wee, the Kings Officers, crys the Fellow that carrys Guts to the Bears. 1840Marryat Poor Jack xxviii, Well, if I'm a bear, you ar'n't fit to carry guts to a bear.
b. As an envelope for black puddings, sausages, etc.
1598Epulario iij b, Take guts well washed and made clean, and fill them with the meat. 1819Sporting Mag. V. 32 In Suffolk, black puddings made in guts are called links.
c. For making violin strings; hence, † pl. the strings themselves (obs.). In mod. use sing. as the name of a material. (Cf. catgut.)
1611Middleton & Dekker Roaring Girl iv. i. 80 Heere take this viall, runne vpon the guts, And end thy quarrell singing. 1626Bacon Sylva §280 A Viall should haue..the Strings of Guts mounted vpon a Bridge, as in Ordinary Vialls. a1774Goldsm. Surv. Exp. Philos. (1776) II. 190 On this side [of the Eolian lyre] are seven strings of very fine gut. 1883[see gut-spinning in sense 8].
d. sing. The silken fibre obtained from the intestines of the silkworm. (In full silkworm gut, silk-gut.) Chiefly used in the making of fishing tackle.
The worm, when about to spin, is killed and put into vinegar, then pulled in two, and the ‘gut’ is drawn out to a thin thread and dried.
1834Medwin Angler in Wales I. 16 Where I procured some hanks of gut..My fishing companions did not know that each filum of gut is a drawn-out silkworm just before it is about to weave its cocoon. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 1115 Silkworm gut, for angling. 1867F. Francis Angling xiii. (1880) 462 Tying threads of gut together for lines. 1875‘Stonehenge’ Brit. Sports i. v. ii. §1. 309 It is generally made of pieces of gut, knotted together, and altogether comprising a length of from three to eight feet. 1899Speaker 9 Sept. 260/2 At every cast the gut had fallen upon the water like a streak of lightning.
5. A narrow passage.
a. A channel or run of water, a branch of a stream; a sound, strait.
1538Leland Itin. (1711) II. 13 Ethelwolde, Abbate of Abbingdon..did clerely renovate and augmentid this Abbay, digging and caussing a gut to cum out of Isis by force to serve and purge thoffices of thabbay. 1587Harl. MS. 167 lf. 104 We riding (on ship) in a narrow gutt, the place yealding no better. 1628Digby Voy. Mediterr. (1868) 9 The gutt of sea being here but narrow. 1703J. Logan in Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem. IX. 223, I now design to keep her floating in a dock or gut. 1766J. Bartram Jrnl. 4 Feb. in Stork Acc. E. Florida 61 Near the Store was a deep gut with a middling stream of water, which headed about a quarter of a mile up in the pine-lands. 1767Dalrymple in Phil. Trans. LVII. 395 These banks are..often..divided by a narrow gut, without bottom. 1830Lyell Princ. Geol. (1875) I. ii. xx. 497 Coming up with her..in the middle of the gut, between Tarifa and Tangier. 1855B. Taylor Home & Abr. Ser. i. xxii. (1880) 271 A gut between the rocks..conducts to the sea. 1887T. N. Page in Scribner's Mag. I. 414/2 The trail..terminated..in a gut of the swamp.
b. As a local designation; e.g. the Gut of Canso, the Gut of Gibraltar; also, a street in Valletta, Malta. (At Oxford and Cambridge) the Gut: a bend of the river in the racing-course.
1716B. Church Hist. Philip's War (1867) II. 162 They had orders to go directly for Port Royal Gut. 1746Acc. French Settlem. N. Amer. 9 There are three ways of getting into this great river:..the third is thro' the Gut of Canseau. 1770Washington Writ. (1889) II. 316 The Old Town Gut was so high as to wet us in crossing it. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §102 The seamen thought it not safe to go into the Gut that night,..that the entrance or exit from the Gut might be impracticable or dangerous. 1829Marryat F. Mildmay v, We could not..get out of the Gut of Gibraltar. 1862H. Kingsley Ravenshoe I. xiv. 173 Pembroke had won the fours, very much in consequence of Worcester having gone round the flag, and on being made to row again, of fouling them in the gut. 1889Christ's Coll. Mag. 77 The third night Queens' fell an easy prey in the Gut. 1948Partridge et al. Dict. Forces' Slang 89 The Gut, a notorious street in Malta. 1970‘Zeno’ Grab iii. 25 Strait Street, Valetta, better known as the Gut, the centre of Malta's red light district. 1970M. Butterworth Vanishing Act x. 108 Mosta dome and the Città Notabile, the trashy souvenir shops of Kingsway..and the honky tonk dives of the Gut.
c. On land: A narrow passage between two declivities; hence, a narrow passage or lane of any kind.
1615G. Sandys Trav. 188 North of it, in a gut of the hill was the fish-poole of Siloe. 1703Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1732) 134 We enter'd into a narrow Gut, between two steep rocky Mountains. 1762–71H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) IV. 265 Before you arrived at these, you passed a narrow gut between two stone terrasses, that rose above your head. 1809N. Pinkney Trav. France 256 A stony channel or gut which was..cut out to ease the ascent. 1873Sat. Rev. 5 Apr. 447/2 The prospective widening of the narrow gut of Whitehall. 1893R. Kipling in E. Gosse Quest. at Issue 261 A hundred fires sparkle in the gut of the pass. 1896Daily News 20 July 7/3 The narrow valley gut of old Knightsbridge will be widened. Ibid. 26 Dec. 3/2 The signal-box in this narrow gut of traffic.
6. a. † A gutter along the eaves of a house (obs.); dial. The eaves (of a stack).
1703T. N. City & C. Purchaser 211 Guts to save Water under the Eves of a House. 1855Morton Cycl. Agric. II. 723 Gut (Essex), the eaves of a stack.
†b. An outflow. Obs. Cf. gout2.
1565Golding Ovid's Met. xi. (1593) 262 His head to put Full underneath the foming spout where greatest was the gut.
7. (See quot.)
1853Archit. Publ. Soc. Dict., Gut, a term used in parts of Scotland for a sash bar.
8. attrib. and Comb., as gut-dresser, gut-fat, gut-link, gut-rope, gut-string, gut-substitute, † gut-vein, gut-wall; also guts-box; gut-dressing, gut-spinning vbl. ns.; gut(s)-griping vbl. n. and ppl. a.; gut-open adj.; gut-belting, lathe or machine belting made of catgut (Knight Dict. Mech. 1875); gut-bread, sweetbread, pancreas; gut-bucket slang (orig. U.S.), a primitive, unsophisticated brand of jazz (see also quot. 1939); cf. barrel-house 2; also attrib.; † gut-bursten, abdominal hernia; gut-foundered a., (a) on the point of starvation (now dial.); † (b) affected with hernia; † gut-head, one who is stupid from over-feeding; gut-hook, a coupling hook and eye for round gut belts (Knight); gut-house = gutting-house; gut-led a., ? ruled by one's appetite; gut-length, a length of silkworm gut; † gut-matter, something pertaining to bodily nourishment or appetite; † gut-monger, one whose chief concern is his ‘gut’ or belly; † gut-pudding, a sausage; gut-rot colloq., unwholesome or unpalatable liquor or food (cf. rot-gut); guts-ache colloq. = stomach-ache; gut-scraper, a humorous or derisive term for a violin-player; gut-scrapery, an establishment where guts are scraped and cleaned; † gut-seam Sc., fat of the intestines, lard; gut-shoot v. trans. slang, to shoot in the guts; so gut-shot n. and ppl. a.; gut-vexer = gut-scraper; gut-way, ? a passage over a gut or watercourse; gut-weed, Sonchus arvensis (Britten & Holland Plant-n. 1879); † gut-worm, an intestinal worm.
1893Brit. Med. Jrnl. 15 Apr. 812/2 The pancreas is vulgarly termed the ‘*gutbread’..and is the article which would be supplied in the great majority of cases by butchers asked for sweetbread.
1929N.Y. Age 8 June 7/6 Using a mute, occasionally a small megaphone inserted at the bell of his trumpet, he [sc. Louis Armstrong] eschews the tin pail, hat, plunger and other devices of the ‘*gut bucket’ player. 1934Melody Maker 10 Feb. 5/1, I urge some good black-and-tan gutbucket records with Hawkins. 1938Manch. Guardian Weekly 2 Sept. 188/3 Sometimes they play ‘boogie-woogie’..sometimes ‘gutbucket’ (unrefined). 1939Ramsey & Smith Jazzmen 12 From barrel-houses and honkey-tonks came many of the descriptive words which were applied to the music played in them; such as..‘gut-bucket’, referring originally to the bucket which caught drippings or ‘gutterings’ from the barrels, later to the unrestrained brand of music that was played by small bands in the dives. 1951W. Morum Gabriel ii. viii. 239 Jake's suggestion of another two hours session of dance music at a gut-bucket joint in Piccadilly.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 307 First you shall understand, that the *Gut-bursten, and Flank-bursten, doth proceed both of one cause, that is to say, by means that the skin, called before Peritoneum, is either sore strained, or else broken.
1852C. Morfit Tanning & Currying (1853) 536 The workshop of the *gut-dresser.
1885A. Watt Leather Manuf. 393 The art of *gut-dressing.
1847Rep. U.S. Comm. Patents (1848) 527 The slaughterers formerly got the *gut fat for the whole of the labor thus described. 1895Daily News 13 Dec. 8/1 Weights of fat, gut-fat, and trimmings.
1647Ward Simp. Cobler 27, I can make my selfe sicke..with comparing the dazling splender wherewith our Gentle-women were imbellished in some former habits, with the *gut-foundred goosdom, wherewith they are now surcingled and debauched. a1658Cleveland Count. Com. Man (1677) 100 The clamorous Mutiny of a Gut-foundred Garrison. 1691J. Wilson Belphegor iii. iv, Cris. But now she 'as beaten me to mash. Min. And made me mere gut-founder'd. a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Gut-foundred, exceeding Hungry. 1876Whitby Gloss., Gut-founder'd, diseased from the effects of hunger.
1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. v. i. 21 The rotten diseases of the South, *guts-griping Ruptures, Catarres [etc.]. 1679Dryden Tr. & Cr. iv. ii, The rotten diseases of the south, gut-gripings, ruptures, catarrhs, loads of gravel in the back..and the like. a1704T. Brown in R. L'Estrange Colloq. Erasm. (1711) 351 That he might not lose a drop of this Gut-griping stuff.
1629Gaule Holy Madn. 328 A very *Gut-head, he hath Asses' Eares direct.
1780Young Tour Irel. I. 231 Four to carry from *gut-house to curing-house.
1682N. O. Boileau's Lutrin iv. 227 Nor was it Reason that the *gut-led Fops Should spend their Tongues, who could not use their Chops.
1863Atkinson Stanton Grange 173 Re-tie every knot, the same way as you tie your *gut-links.
1549Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. Cor. 32 At this souper is represented the misterie of christian concorde, no bealy, nor *gut matter.
1655R. Younge Agst. Drunkards 4 These drunken drones, these *gut-mongers.
1935L. MacNeice Poems 64 The town-dweller like a rabbit in a greengrocer's..Hangs by the heels *gut-open against the fog.
1697Verdicts Virg. & Homer v. 18 Homer compares Ulysses turning in his bed,..to a *Gut-pudding or Sawsage broyling on a Gridiron. 1722Quincy Lex. Physico-Med. (ed. 2) 12 Allentoies..in many Brutes is in the Shape of a Gut-Pudding.
1847Smeaton Builder's Man. 205 Balistæ, catapultæ, and scorpions, in whose frames are holes for the passage of the homotona, which are strained by *gut-ropes attached to windlasses worked by hand-spikes.
1916A. H. Macklin in A. Lansing Endurance (1959) v. vi. 217 ‘*Gut Rot, 1916’..served only to turn most of us teetotallers for life. 1938S. Beckett Murphy 83 The customer..was paying for his gutrot ten times what it cost to produce. 1941Baker Austral. Slang 33 Gutrot, unhealthy-looking food or strong drink. 1965F. Sargeson Mem. Peon ii. 32 The garish-looking sweet stuff he made his living from... ‘I make a dishonest living by trading in gutrot.’
1818Keats Let. 13 July (1958) I. 324 Cant!..It is enough to give a spirit the *guts-ache. 1934Blunden Mind's Eye 145 Don't eat that, Jack; it'll give you the Guts'-Ache. 1946K. Tennant Lost Haven (1947) vi. 89 ‘Ar,’ Launce said contemptuously. ‘You got a guts-ache or you're coming out in boils.’
1940Dylan Thomas Portrait of Artist 133 He'd put his hand down in the *guts-box and bring you out a rat with its neck broken clean as a match for the price of a glass of beer.
1719D'Urfey Pills II. 218 Strike up drowsie *Gut-scrapers. 1785Burns Jolly Beggars vi. 2 Her charms had struck a sturdy Caird, As well as poor Gut-scraper.
1854Q. Rev. XCV. 282 Triperies, bone-boiling-houses, *gut-scraperies.
1606W. Birnie Kirk-Buriall (1833) 4 The Greke and Romane did burne their dead; the Indean with *Got-seame did besmeare.
1878C. Hallock Amer. Club List & Sportsman's Gloss. p. v, *Gut-shot, hit in the belly; wounded, but not disabled. 1935E. Hemingway Green Hills Africa (1936) ii. iii. 103 I'm afraid I gut-shot him. Ibid. 114 It looked, now, like a gut shot or one through the paunch. 1960B. Crump Good Keen Man 33 He came to the door and shouted into the frosty dark that he'd gut-shoot the first of us to come near the hut. Ibid. 50 Phillip was as slow as a gut-shot pig and started yelling as soon as he lost sight of me through the bush.
1883Haldane Workshop Receipts Ser. ii. 319/2 *Gut-spinning is the twisting of prepared gut into cord of various diameter for various purposes—i.e. for ordinary catgut, for use in machinery, and for fiddle-strings.
1659Torriano, Nérvi sonóri, *gut-strings for Instruments. a1691Boyle Hist. Air (1692) 33 This hygroscope..is made by fastning to the upper end of a piece of gut-string..a very light index. 1892Daily News 6 Aug. 8/6 A Manufactory of Gut-Strings requires a really experienced and pushing man.
1939‘G. Orwell’ Coming up for Air ii. iv. 87 Even now I could give you all the details about *gut-substitute and gimp and Limerick hooks.
1615Crooke Body of Man 99 The second is called Intestinalis or the *Gut-veine.
1640Wizard (MS. play) (N.), Get out of my sight, you unlucky *gut-vexers.
1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 606 When the intestine is healthy the bacillus coli communis has little disposition to escape through the *gut-wall.
1898Westm. Gaz. 24 June 51 The standards were 25 ft. long at the ‘*gutway’.
1658Rowland Moufet's Theat. Ins. 1106 The Arabians call them Emicar..the Germans Spulworm, Bauchworm, the English *Gutworm.
▸ U.S. slang. A (university) course which is unchallenging or requires little work. Freq. attrib., in gut class, gut course.
1902Boston Sunday Globe (Electronic text) 21 Dec. An easy course is a ‘gut’. 1940Barnard Bull. (Barnard Coll., Columbia Univ.) 15 Nov. 2/2 Someone told us music was a gut course. 1989M. Moffatt Coming of Age in New Jersey vii. 285 A gut..was a guaranteed A or B in exchange for almost no work. 2006New Yorker 16 Jan. 50/1 He..had his fair share of gut classes—nutrition, career planning, personal finance, and driver ed.
▪ II. gut, v.|gʌt|
Also 4 gotte, 5 gutton.
[f. gut n.]
1. a. trans. To take out the guts of (fish); to eviscerate.
13..Metr. Hom. (Vernon MS.) in Archiv Stud. neu. Spr. LVII. 315 Oþur while wesch he dissches And oþur while he gotted fissches. c1440Promp. Parv. 220/1 Gutton, exentero. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. I. 41 Quhen now thay [herrings] ar gutted, and the meltis takne out, thay ar sa leine that thay ar nocht to be compared with the rest. 1599H. Buttes Dyets drie Dinner L vii b, Carpe..Lay it scaled and gutted sixe houres in salt. 1677Compleat Servant-Maid 80 Wash your Eels and gut them. 1726G. Roberts Four Years Voy. 263 In the Evening they us'd to gut, split, and salt what they caught. 1769Mrs. Raffald Eng. Housekpr. (1799) 33 Scale, gut, and wash your herrings. 1823Galt Entail I. xxxvi. 317, I redde you to consider weel what ye're doing, and gut nae fish till ye catch them. 1861Mrs. Beeton Housh. Managem. (1880) 139 Take the herrings, cut off the heads, and gut them.
absol.1842J. Wilson Voy. Scotl. II. 161 In hiring servants it is by no means unusual for the latter to stipulate for leave to gut during a certain number of days, as a perquisite beyond their usual termly wages.
†b. To clear (a hop plant) of superfluous ‘gut’ or shoots. Obs. rare. (Cf. gut n. 2 f.)
1573Tusser Husb. xlvi. (1878) 98 Hop rootes..well gutted and pared, the better they proue.
2. a. transf. To clear out the contents or inside of; to empty thoroughly; esp. to remove or destroy the internal fittings of (a building, etc.). Const. of. Now freq. used pass. and of destruction by fire.
1688Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) I. 486 The 11th, in the evening, the mobile gott together, and went to the popish chappel in Lincolns Inn Feilds, and perfectly gutted the same. 1693Dryden Juvenal x. 246 A troop of Cut-Throat Guards were sent, to seize The Rich Mens Goods, and gut their Palaces. 1720De Foe Capt. Singleton xii. (1840) 216 We took an Arabian junk..We gutted him of the pearl. 1780Gentl. Mag. L. 313/2 The public-office in Bow-Street, and Sir John Fielding's dwelling-house adjoining, were gutted, as their [the rioters'] phrase was, and the whole contents committed to the flames. 1781Smeathman in Phil. Trans. LXXI. 177 While some are employed in gutting the posts, others ascend from them, entering a rafter or some other part of the roof. 1819Moore Tom Crib (ed. 3) 1 Whether diddling your subjects or gutting their fobs. 1848Thackeray Bk. Snobs xxvi, Stripes..proceeded to gut my portmanteau and to lay out the black kerseymeres..and other polite articles of evening costume. 1855Browning Holy-Cross Day x, The hand..Which gutted my purse, would throttle my creed. 1869Phillips Vesuv. vii. 174 Five times within the last hundred years the cone of Vesuvius has been gutted by explosive eruptions. 1873L. Ferguson Discourses Pref. 5 A thatched hut had been gutted and fitted up with seats. 1903Westm. Gaz. 25 Aug. 8/2 The farmhouse and out⁓buildings were completely gutted. 1968Bucks Examiner 3 May 1 (heading) Furniture factory gutted.
b. fig. In various applications; esp. to get out the essential contents of (a book); to extract all the important passages of (a book) in a review or abridgement.
1714Addison Spect. No. 567 ⁋4 This way of Writing was first of all introduced by T-m Br-wn, of facetious Memory, who, after having gutted a proper Name of all its intermediate Vowels, used to plant it in his Works, and make as free with it as he pleased. 1847Disraeli Tancred ii. vii, As for the other guests, the peerage was gutted. 1868Pall Mall G. 2 Dec. 3 We have not yet calculated how many of the victories of Mr. Disraeli's friends have been due to Mr. Disraeli's skilful manipulation of details in redividing the counties and in gutting them. 1888Ibid. 6 Oct. 3/1 Now suppose Messrs. Longman issued a sixpenny edition of the book, properly ‘gutted’ (as the newspaper phrase is). 1897W. T. Stead in Daily News 13 June 6/4, I am never better pleased than when I see my books well ‘gutted’—to use the expressive but somewhat vulgar term.
3. intr. To cram the guts; to eat greedily, to gormandize. vulgar. (Cf. dial. guts vb.)
1616R. C. Times' Whistle vi. 2393 'Tis safest gutting at a loafe begunne. 1633[see gutting vbl. n. 3]. 1893in Farmer Slang.
†4. trans. To make channels or ruts in (ground); to ‘gutter’. Obs.
1557Tusser 100 Points Husb. xxvii, Or winter doe come, while the weather is good: for gutting thy grounde, get the home with thy wood.
▪ III. gut
obs. form of gout n.1 |