| 释义 |
▪ I. produce, n.|ˈprɒdjuːs|
[f. produce v. (Formerly stressed proˈduce, like the vb.)]
1. The fact of producing; production. rare.
1769E. Hargrove Hist. Knaresb. vi. (1798) 246 This place is remarkable for the produce of a delicious apple. 1849Cobden Speeches 64 They say they cannot compete with the foreigners in the produce of grain.
2. The amount produced, yielded, or derived; the proceeds; the return, yield. Now chiefly in the assay of ore.
1707Mortimer Husb. 78 They sow it with Barly, allowing 3 Bushels of Seed to an Acre: Its common produce is 30 Bushel. 1716Addison Freeholder No. 20 ⁋4 This Tax has already been so often tried, that we know the exact Produce of it. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) VI. 263 Not only the interest but the produce of the real and personal estate was to be applied by such trustees. 1831Examiner 141/1 They had sold their shoes,..and were getting lushy with the produce. 1871J. S. Phillips Explorer's Comp. 299 A weight of 400 grains [in assaying ores]..is divided into hundredths and again into eighths of one unit of such percentages to represent the market ‘produce’. 1881Raymond Mining Gloss., Produce,..the amount of fine copper in one hundred parts of ore.
3. a. The thing (or things collectively) produced, either as a natural growth or as a result of action or effort; product, fruit. Also fig.
1699Dryden Epist. to J. Driden 118 You hoard not health for your own private use, But on the publick spend the rich produce. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. 33 Two Pieces of dry Flesh and some Corn, such as is the Produce of their Country. 1771Junius Lett. liv. (1820) 287 They are the produce of his invention.
b. More generally: Result, effect, consequence.
1730Chubb Collection of Tracts 377 If the actions of men are not the produce of a free choice or election. 1754Edwards Freed. Will ii. x. (1762) 95 If it were..possible..that every free Act of Choice were the Produce or Effect of a free Act of Choice; yet even then..no one Act of Choice would be free, but every one necessary. 1818Cobbett Pol. Reg. XXXIII. 498 It was the produce of an honest heart, a clear conscience, and a manly mind. 1873Browning Red Cott. Nt.-cap iv. 198 Such the days of faith, And such their produce to encourage mine!
c. Offspring, progeny. rare.
1845Youatt Dog iv. (1858) 104 The Artois dog..is a produce of the shock-dog and the pug. 1862Carlyle Fredk. Gt. xiii. vii. (1872) V. 76 Comte de Saxe..was..the produce of the fair Aurora von Königsmark.
4. Agricultural and natural products collectively, as distinguished from manufactured goods. Also raw produce.
1745De Foe's Eng. Tradesman Introd. (1841) I. 3 The..British product,..whether we mean its produce as the growth of the country, or its manufactures as the labour of her people. 1832H. Martineau Demerara ii. 15 The cry for higher bounties on West India produce. 1861M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 47 The export trade..consisted chiefly in raw produce, wool and hides, corn, beer, and cheese. 1865H. Phillips Amer. Paper Curr. II. 84 The payments..tempted the farmers to sell to them their produce.
5. techn. Materials produced from breaking up ordnance or other military or naval stores: chiefly in phrase brought to produce, i.e. broken up, and the material assorted into various kinds or classes, which may be separately disposed of.
1904Col. C. F. Hadden Let. to Editor, A gun carriage brought to produce is broken up, and steel, brass, etc., separated, and disposed of as so much metal.
6. attrib. and Comb. (all from sense 4), as produce broker, produce business, produce market, produce merchant, produce trade.
1851C. Cist Sk. Cincinnati in 1851 143 Forwarding and Commission merchants and Produce brokers. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Produce Market, Fenchurch-street, Mincing-lane, Tower-street, and their immediate localities, where the offices of the principal produce-brokers are situate. 1872Rep. Vermont Board Agric. I. 161 B. F. Rugg, who was then engaged in the produce trade,..undertook to carry out a plan for controlling the Boston butter market. 1887Pall Mall G. 14 Oct. 6/2 Instead of the {pstlg}500 being paid money down, it should be {pstlg}500 of tithe money, or rather {pstlg}500 of produce money, so that it should represent very much the same quantity of stuff. 1892Ibid. 8 Aug. 7/1 The total produce trade for 1891 is estimated at 102 millions sterling..the principal feature being the large increase in the receipts and shipments of wheat. 1899Scribner's Mag. XXV. 55/2 A Missourian, in the produce business.
▪ II. produce, v.|prəʊˈdjuːs|
[ad. L. prōdūc-ĕre to lead or bring forth, extend, promote, produce, f. prō, pro-1 + dūc-ĕre to lead.]
1. a. trans. To bring forward, bring forth or out; to bring into view, to present to view or notice; to offer for inspection or consideration, exhibit. Often used of bringing forward witnesses, as well as evidence, or vouchers, in a court of law.
1499Exch. Rolls Scotl. XI. 435 To comper..to produce his takkis and rychtes of the kingis landis of Murray gif he ony has. 1530Palsgr. 667/1, I produce wytnesses, je produys tesmoyngs. 1582N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. i. vi. 16 They also produced to sight and viewe of him certaine harnesses or armours, whereat he also meruailed much. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. iii. i. 228, I..am moreouer sutor, that I may Produce his body to the Market⁓place. 1611― Cymb. v. v. 363 In a most curious Mantle, wrought by th' hand Of his Queene Mother, which for more probation I can with ease produce. 1611Bible Isa. xli. 21 Produce [marg. cause to come neere] your cause, saith the Lord, bring foorth your strong reasons. 1624Bp. R. Montagu Immed. Addr. 130 To make this good, Saint Augustine is produced. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. i. v. §5 Joseph Scaliger who first..produced them into the light out of Georgius Syncellus. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 69 Produce the Plough, and yoke the sturdy Steer. 1776Trial of Nundocomar 16/1 The books must be produced, as we cannot receive parole evidence of their contents. 1828Scott F.M. Perth viii, So saying, he produced, from the hawking pouch already mentioned, the stiffened hand. 1877Act 40 & 41 Vict. c. 60 §5 Any person..may, on producing..a copy of his authorisation..enter by day such canal boat.
b. To introduce; now spec., to bring (a performer or performance) before the public; to administer and supervise the production of (a film or broadcast programme). refl., to come forward, come ‘out’. Also absol.
1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iv. xxxv. 158 Orpheus was he which produced and celebrated the first sacrifices vnto Liber Pater. 1686tr. Chardin's Trav. Persia 214 They had an extraordinary desire to produce me. 1709Steele Tatler No. 84 ⁋4 My Design of producing obscure Merit into publick View. 1709Swift Adv. Relig. ⁋6 The pert..demeanour of several young stagers in divinity upon their first producing themselves into the world. 1734tr. Rollin's Anc. Hist. V. 99 Plato..sought every occasion of producing him to the public. 1750Johnson Rambler No. 27 ⁋8 Hilarius received me with an appearance of great satisfaction, produced me to all his friends. 1766Smollett Trav. vi, I wish they had antigallican spirit enough to produce themselves in their own genuine English dress. 1808H. More Cœlebs I. 71 They [girls] were always ready to sing and play, but did not take the pains to produce themselves in conversation. 1836Dickens Let. 25 Aug. (1965) I. 171 A farce in two acts..to be produced at the Saint James's Theatre on the first of October. 1864Standard 31 Dec. 6/3 There is a stringent competition going forward amidst musical managers as to who shall produce her [a singer]. 1897G. B. Shaw in Sat. Rev. 13 Feb. 170/1 Like all plays under Mr. Barrett's management, ‘The Daughter of Babylon’ is excellently produced. 1912F. A. Talbot Moving Pictures 329 The Hepworth Manufacturing Company..recently has produced several powerful and excellent film-plays. 1923Radio Times 28 Sept. 23/3 The whole production produced and directed by Mr. R. E. Jeffrey, who has adapted this well-known play for wireless transmission. 1935E. F. Dyer Producing School Plays ii. 24 If he [sc. the producer] finds no inner meaning there is either something wrong with him or with the play which he has chosen to present; either he is not a suitable person to produce the play, or the play is unworthy of production. 1937‘M. Innes’ Hamlet, Revenge! i. i. 17 I'm producing. And I've built a sort of Elizabethan stage. 1940C. P. Purdom Producing Plays i. 2 Any one who knew anything of the theatre could recognize a play produced by Mr. Granville-Barker. 1966Listener 6 Oct. 515/2, I think it was over-ambitious of Mr Wheeler to produce and write the script, yet one cannot belittle his success in presenting very clearly the broad scope of his subject. 1971N. K. Parrott in J. R. Brown Drama & Theatre iv. 87 Othello got produced, mainly because somebody wanted to do it and convinced enough other people to join him in presenting it.
†c. To bring (to a specified condition); to advance, promote. Obs.
a1618Sylvester Panaretus 1351 Till with advantage gracious Heav'ns produce Their Wished Counsails into act and use. 1626B. Jonson Staple of N. iii. ii, The Art..Is by the Brotherhood of the Rosie Crosse, Produc'd vnto perfection. 1741Middleton Cicero II. viii. 233 Trebonius..was wholly a new man and the creature of Caesar's power, who produced him through all the honors of the State, to his late consulship of three months.
2. a. Geom. To extend (a line) in length; to continue; hence gen. to lengthen (anything) out; to extend, enlarge, or develop longitudinally.
1570Billingsley Euclid i. 5 b, To produce a right line finite, straight forth continually. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. i. ii. 27 Parallel Lines..produced infinitely on both sides, do never..concur. 1676Grew Anat. Flowers App. §11 The Bottom, is either Reduced towards the Top, as in Ground-Ivy; or Produced upon the Stalk, as in Poplar, Bay, &c. 1827Hutton Course Math. I. 290 When one side of a triangle is produced, the outward angle is greater than either of the two inward opposite angles. 1869Tyndall Notes Lect. Light 16 The reflected rays are here divergent; but on being produced backwards, they intersect at the principal focus behind the mirror. 1877Darwin Fertil. Orchids vi. (ed. 2) 169 An insect with the extremity of its abdomen produced into a sharp point alights on the flower. 1881Mivart in Nature XXIV. 337/1 Each eyebrow is produced into a flexible horn-like prominence.
†b. To extend, stretch out. Obs. rare—1.
1599B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. v. ii, Hed. O, his leg was too much produced. Ana. And his hat was carried scurvily.
†c. To extend in duration; to prolong, lengthen, spin out. Obs.
1603B. Jonson Sejanus iii. iii, Perhaps our stay will be Beyond our will produced. 1609C. Butler Fem. Mon. Printer to Rdr., The E silent.., serveth onely to produce the vowel precedent. 1643Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. i. §43 There goes a great deal of providence to produce a mans life unto threescore.
3. To bring forth, bring into being or existence.
a. generally. To bring (a thing) into existence from its raw materials or elements, or as the result of a process; to give rise to, bring about, effect, cause, make (an action, condition, etc.).
1513[implied in producer 1]. 1587Golding De Mornay vi. (1592) 81 The One is the Producer or yeelder foorth, the Vnder⁓standing is the thing produced or yeelded foorth. 1621C. Fitzgeffrey Elisha's Lament. (1622) 14 Double affection..produceth doubled lamentation. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxvii. 155 There are few Crimes that may not be produced by Anger. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 57 Nor Birdlime, or Idean Pitch, produce A more tenacious Mass of clammy Juice. 1710Berkeley Princ. Hum. Knowl. §94 That Eternal Invisible Mind which produces and sustains all things. 1748Hume Ess. xviii. (ed. 3) 193 Art may make a Suit of Clothes. But Nature must produce a Man. 1792M. Wollstonecraft Rights Wom. iv. 129 To use an apt French turn of expression, she is going to produce a sensation. 1868Lockyer Elem. Astron. ii. ix. (1879) 52 Steam is produced by heating water by coal. 1879Lubbock Sci. Lect. iii. 87 Certain..insects produce a noise by rubbing one of their abdominal rings against another. 1891Law Rep., Weekly Notes 136/2 The coal was cut in large blocks..the small coal was produced by the friction of the blocks.
b. Of an animal or plant: To generate, bring forth, give birth to, bear, yield (offspring, seed, fruit, etc.). Also absol.
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 215 b, He may not be sayd to be the holy goost, whiche is produced of y⊇ father & the sone. 1650Bulwer Anthropomet. 125 Eunuchs..are smooth, and produce not a Beard. 1667Milton P.L. xi. 687 Who..by imprudence mixt, Produce prodigious Births of bodie or mind. 1715De Foe Fam. Instruct. i. i. (1841) I. 6 Every creature is produced by its own kind. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) III. 54 The goat produces but two at a time. 1857Henfrey Elem. Bot. §22 Flowers..capable of producing seeds. Ibid. §28 The anthers..produce pollen, and the carpels..produce ovules. Ibid. §452 The Vine..where the temperature is..too high..runs away to leaf and does not produce fruit. 1902D. McDonald Garden Comp. (Ser. I) 38 It is these early blooms that..produce the finest pods. 1976‘A. Garve’ Home to Roost ii. 26 She had naturally expected to start a family... There was no apparent physical reason why we shouldn't produce.
c. Of a country, region, river, mine, process, etc.: To give forth, yield, furnish, supply; in quot. 1664 to grow, raise (plants); in quot. 1827, to yield or bring in as profit. Also absol.
1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. ii. x. 44 b, A great countrey of vines producing great aboundance of good wines. 1664Evelyn Sylva (1776) 11 To Produce them immediately of the seed is the better way. 1673Essex Papers (Camden) I. 128 Considering y⊇ severall Countrys wch produce wooll. 1732Berkeley Alciphr. ii. §1 England hath of late produced great philosophers. 1827Roberts Voy. Centr. Amer. 244 The other goods produced me about one hundred dollars. 1836Yarrell Brit. Fishes (1859) I. 379 Near London, the Thames..produces Barbel in great quantities. 1879Tourgee Fool's Err. xlvi. 348 The earth produces in an abundance unknown to other regions.
d. To compose or bring out by mental or physical labour (a work of literature or art); to work up from raw material, fabricate, make, manufacture (material objects); in Pol. Econ. often blending with sense c.
1638Junius Paint. Ancients A ij, I had produced..my observations of the manner of painting in use among the ancients. a1719Addison To Sir G. Kneller 78 This wonder of the sculptor's hand Produced, his art was at a stand. a1771Gray Hoel 17 Nectar that the bees produce. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §122 When the solid is produced from the drawing by the artist's own hand. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) II. vi. 32 Such volumes..were here multiplied as fast as the press could produce them. 1874Green Short Hist. vi. §4. 297 Not a single book of any real value,..was produced north of the Alps during the fifteenth century. 1878Jevons Prim. Pol. Econ. ii. §10. 18 However much we manage to produce, there are still many other things which we want to acquire. 1901Westm. Gaz. 6 Sept. 9/1 The true principle is to produce for one's self what one can best produce, and with the product buy elsewhere that which others can best produce.
e. absol. To produce the goods, money, results. slang.
1970G. F. Newman Sir, You Bastard viii. 226 Ring me. And you'd better produce. 1977New Yorker 24 Oct. 64/3 One queen's ‘husband’ asked her to ‘produce’ for four of his friends and stabbed her when she declined.
Hence proˈduced ppl. a.; whence proˈducedness, the condition of being produced.
1644Bulwer Chiron. 71 The same gesture, but a little more produced and certaine. 1827[see producing ppl. a.]. 1840Lardner Geom. xxii. 311 Producing the line OB above the directrix till the produced part is equal to the parameter. 1862F. Hall Hindu Philos. Syst. 65 Not from the mere fact of its being uttered by a person, can one say there is producedness of a thing by that person. |