| 释义 |
Hamite, n.1 and a.|ˈhæmaɪt|
Also 7–9 Chamite, 9 Khamite.
[f. Ham (formerly spelt Cham, Heb. hām Gr. χάµ, L. Cham), name of the second son of Noah (Gen. vi. 10) + -ite.]
A. n.
†1. A follower of Ham: used as a term of obloquy. (Cf. Gen. ix. 22–25.) Obs. rare.
1645E. Pagitt Heresiogr. (1647) 59 Terming..us..Balamites, Chamites, Cainites.
2. A descendant of Ham; a person belonging to one of the nations or tribes supposed to be descended from Ham (cf. Gen. ix. 18, 19), viz. the Egyptians and other African races.
1854C. C. J. Bunsen Chr. & Mankind IV. (title) The Asiatic origin of the Khamites or Egyptians. 1860R. S. Poole in Dict. Bible I. 742 Egypt may have been the first settlement of the Hamites whence colonies went forth.
B. adj. = Hamitic (see below).
1842Prichard Nat. Hist. Man 144 The Phoenicians or Canaanites, both being Chamite, and not Shemite, nations. 1871P. Smith Anc. Hist. East 6 The Hamite Race..is located in Africa and South Arabia.
Hence Hamitic |hæˈmɪtɪk| a., belonging to the Hamites; esp. applied to a group of African languages, comprising the ancient Egyptian, and the Berber, Galla, and allied extant languages; ˌHamiticiˈzation, the action of becoming Hamitic; Haˈmiticized a., having become Hamitic; Hamitism |ˈhæmɪtɪz(ə)m|, the fact of being a Hamite; ˈHamitoid a., resembling the Hamitic type.
1844G. S. Faber Eight Diss. (1845) II. 273 Of Hammitic Origin. 1854C. C. J. Bunsen Chr. & Mankind III. 183 Chamitism, or ante-Historical Semitism. Ibid., The Chamitic deposit in Egypt. 1860Farrar Orig. Lang. 215 The Egyptian language belongs then to a Chamitic family. 1861J. G. Sheppard Fall Rome iii. 116 Considering Hamitism as nothing more than a special form of Semitism, and altogether unconnected with the Turanian family. 1877Dawson Orig. World xii. 260 The Semitic and Hamitic mythologies are derived from the primeval cherubic worship of Eden. 1880A. H. Sayce Introd. Sci. of Lang. II. vii. 181 A number of dialects..are classed together as Ethiopian or Khamitic. 1884Nature 17 Apr. 581/1 These peoples should apparently be regarded rather as Negroes affected by Hamitic than as Hamites affected by Negro elements. In other words, they are Negroid rather than Hamitoid. 1911H. H. Johnston Opening up of Africa iii. 91 The earlier and more elaborate of these works were inspired by Semites and executed by Hamiticized negroes. 1923G. W. Murray Eng.-Nubian Dict. Introd., In the case of Nubian, the process of Hamiticization has gone so far that it has borrowed Hamitic personal-endings for its verb, Hamitic case-endings for its noun, and possesses a vocabulary largely Hamitic. 1936Discovery June 171/1 The first great group of hamiticised Negroes, the Nilotes, constitute a well-defined physical type.
Add: Hamitic a.: also absol. or as n., the Hamitic family of languages. (Further examples.)
1886Encycl. Brit. XXI. 642/2 We allude to the family of languages known in modern times as the ‘Hamitic’. Ibid., Some of the most indispensable words in the Semitic vocabulary..are found in Hamitic also. 1948A. L. Kroeber Anthropol. (rev. ed.) 214 Hamitic and Semitic, named after sons of Noah, probably derive from a common source, in which case there would only be the Hamitic–Semitic family to be reckoned with. 1988Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics XXXIII. 79 The term ‘Nostratic’ originated at the turn of this century..for a family comprising Indo-European, Semitic-Egyptian, Hamitic, Uralic, Altaic, [etc.]. |