| 释义 |
▪ I. haulm, halm, n.|hɔːm, hɑːm|
Forms: 1 halm, healm, 6–7 halme, hawme, ham(e, 7–8 hawm, 7–9 haum, 5– halm, 7– haulm. (See also helm n.3)
[OE. healm = OS. (MDu., Du.), OHG. (MHG., mod.G.) halm stem or stalk of grass, stalk of a plant. ON. hâlmr (Sw., Da. halm) straw:—OTeut. *halmo-z, repr. a pre-Teut. *kalmos: cf. Gr. κάλαµος, L. calamus reed.]
a. collective sing. The stems or stalks of various cultivated plants, as peas, beans, vetches, hops, potatoes, etc., now less commonly of corn or grass; esp. as left after gathering the pods, ears, etc., and used for litter or thatching; straw.
c825Vesp. Psalter lxxxii[i]. 14[13] Swe swe halme biforan onsiene windes. c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 134 ᵹenim cetelhrum and berenhealm, ᵹebærn & gnid togædere. Ibid. 148 ᵹenim riᵹen healm eft and beren. c1440Promp. Parv. 223/2 Halm, or stobyl..stipula. 1570Stanford Churchw. Acc. in Antiquary Apr. (1888) 170 For hame to thatche the churche howse. 1573Tusser Husb. lvii. (1878) 130 The hawme is the strawe of the wheat or the rie, which once being reaped, they mowe by and bie. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 282 Finish the gathering and drying of your Hops; cleanse the Poles of the Hawm. 1674Ray S. & E.C. Words 68 Haulm or Helm, stubble gathered after the corn is inned. 1675Phil. Trans. X. 398 These apparent tangles were the ham of the beans. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. November, Cut off the Asparagus Haulm when it is become Yellow. 1808Curwen Econ. Feeding Stock 11 note, The potatoe top, or haulm, when properly dried, makes very good litter for cattle. 1887Spectator 23 July 984/2 Peas often produce a great show of pods on short haulm in a dry summer.
b. with a and pl. A stalk or stem (of a bean, potato, grass, etc.).
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. iii. 12 Ða halmas..forbernes fyres in undrysnede. 1623Whitbourne Newfoundland 5 Great plenty of greene Pease and Fitches..the hawmes of them are good fodder for cattell. 1847Illustr. Lond. News 24 July 61/2 The decaying haulms of the potato. 1881Darwin Veg. Mould 117 A thin cylindrical object such as a haulm of grass.
c. attrib.
1862T. Hughes in Macm. Mag. V. 241/2 They..came upon haulm walls and hurdles, within which were a flock of sheep.
▪ II. haulm, v.
[f. prec. n.]
trans. To lay (straw or haulm) straight for thatching. (See also helm v.3)
1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 60 Sometimes..wee have beene forced to hawme wheate and rye stubble and there⁓with to thatch our stackes. 1767A. Young Farmer's Lett. to People 205 Haulming, at one shilling and six-pence. 1846Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. VII. i. 40 Without having to wait for haulming the stubble. |