| 释义 |
universally, adv.|juːnɪˈvɜːsəlɪ|
Also 4 vniuersalliche, 5 vniuerselly, 6 -allye, -allie.
[f. as prec. + -ly2.]
In a universal manner.
1. In every case or instance.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvi. ii. (Bodl. MS.), Grauel..also..haþ vniuersalliche kinde of druynge and of clensinge. 1530Palsgr. Introd. p. xvii, That thyng happeneth in the soundyng of thre of theyr vowelles onely,..and that nat universally, but onely so often as [etc.]. 1544Exhort. in Priv. Prayers (1851) 565 Universally in all our affairs, whatsoever shall befall unto us. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 130 The fat and bloud being vniuersally forbidden them for food. 1625N. Carpenter Geogr. Del. i. iii. 66 This proportion is not to be taken vniuersally, but commonly for the most part. 1755N. Magens Insurances II. 189 All Insurances on expected Gains [etc.]..are universally forbid. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. xxxviii. (1787) III. 588 Under the empire of Charlemagne, murder was universally punished with death. 1809Coleridge Friend 28 Such a Rule, if it were universally established, would encourage the arrogant. 1871Mozley Univ. Serm. vi. (1876) 122 It would not be true..to say that use was universally accompanied by beauty.
2. So as to include every individual of a group or number; without exception of any.
c1412Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 2454, I wolde that the hye degree Of Chiualrie vniuersally Bare vp his hede. 1496Act 12 Hen. VII, c. 6 Wollen Clothe,..by making wherof..the pover pepull have moste universally their leving. 1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iii. 210 Not one or two of them, but all the Scholemen vniuersallye. 1590Greene Never too late (1600) 9 Women are vniuersally mala necessaria, wheresoeuer they be eyther bred or brought vp. 1618Bolton Florus (1636) 141 Spaine never had a disposition to rise universally against us. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacræ iii. i. §11 It is hardly conceivable..how mankind should universally agree in some common sentiments. 1709Steele Tatler No. 46 ⁋1 The Zealots..fell universally into this Emperor's Policies. 1798S. & Ht. Lee Canterb. T. II. 133 A splendid entertainment, to which the English strangers were universally invited. 1847G. Harris Life Ld. Hardwicke II. 33 The whole nation was universally against it. 1869H. F. Tozer Highl. Turkey II. 308 They are almost universally malevolent.
3. With extension to every part of a definite whole; in every part or place; everywhere.
c1430Hoccleve Min. Poems 46 The sonne, of whom hir light Shee [sc. the moon] takith, & it vniuerselly Yeueth vn-to the world whan it is nyght. 1577Holinshed Chron. II. 362/1 Murreyn of cattel beganne..so vniuersally in all places, that no towne nor village escaped free. 1664H. More Myst. Iniq. xvi. 58 Which implies that the Church has a right..to be universally spred over the face of the Earth. 1664H. Power Exp. Philos. i. 61 They are universally diffused throughout all Bodies in the World. 1750tr. Leonardus' Mirr. Stones p. ix, An age when Superstition universally prevailed. 1796H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. V. 188 The opinion..is universally propagated over all the Nations. 1846J. Baxter's Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 15 It is an element universally present in nature. 1871C. Davies Metric Syst. iii. 275 We have universally the Winchester bushel. 1872Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 15 Universally distributed through the vein.
†4. So as to affect the whole or every part of something expressed or implied; all over. Obs.
c1485Digby Myst. (1882) iv. 1357 He suffered patiently..To be woundid vniuersally with scowrges, nayles, & spere. 1580Blundevil Horsemanship iii. 72 If he be vexed with an ague, or with anie other disease, vniuersallie hurting his bodie. 1734tr. Rollin's Anc. Hist. (1827) IX. 154 The whole city continued universally in flames. 1758J. S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg. (1771) 36 The Child seemed to be universally swelled. 1793Minstrel II. 159 The storm..universally chilled her frame. 1805Emily Clark Banks of Douro II. 280 She trembled so universally, that Lucy gave her some..water to drink.
†b. Inclusively, all together. Obs.—1
1673Cave Prim. Chr. iii. i. 221 Himself, family, and house [were] universally burnt to ashes.
5. Logic and Metaph. In relation to all the members of a class or genus; in the manner of a universal proposition or concept (see universal a. 11).
1551T. Wilson Logike G vi b, The argument is euermore made from the generall, to the kynde vniuersally. 1620T. Granger Div. Logike ii. vi, The predicate is in the Subiect vniuersally, that is, in euery subiect of the same kind. 1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. 67 The Essences of singular Bodies..being Abstracted from those Bodies themselves, are consider'd Universally. 1697tr. Burgersdicius' Logic i. xxxi. 122 The enunciation universally first is only that in which the predicate agrees or convenes with the subject. 1725Watts Logic ii. ii. (1726) 152 Mankind..generally have an Inclination to magnify their Ideas, and to talk roundly and universally concerning any thing they speak of. 1825Whately Logic in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) I. 200/1 The term ‘necessary to life’ is affirmed of food, but not universally; for it is not said of every kind of food.
b. In relation to, in respect of, all the things or subjects of the same class or kind.
1660Boyle New Exp. Phys. Mech. Pref. p. xiii, Being almost universally a Linguist. 1741Kames Decis. Crt. Sess. 1730–52 (1799) 37 The defender's possession of the estate subjected him universally to the predecessor's debts.
6. With respect to every individual of a class; by, among, to, etc., all the persons concerned.
1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. ii. §51 Which was a design willingly heard, and universally grateful. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 542 Thy Celestial Beautie.., there best beheld Where universally admir'd. 1726Swift Gulliver ii. vii, I could not avoid reflecting how universally this talent was spread, of drawing lectures in morality..from the quarrels we raise with nature. 1765Museum Rust. IV. 344 Rye is generally (nay universally, I think) allowed to be a better bearer than wheat. 1804Med. Jrnl. XII. 397 As to my third assertion, its truth is so universally known, that all proof is unnecessary. 1838De Morgan Ess. Probab. 167 These tables..are almost universally used by the assurance offices. 1875W. S. Hayward Love agst. World 5 He was universally respected in the county.
7. With adjs. or pa. pples. (Sometimes hyphened.)
1656Cowley Praise of Pindar Notes iv, The Fabulous, but universally received Tradition. 1675Owen Indwelling Sin v. (1732) 43 The constant keeping of the Soul in an universally holy Frame. a1700Evelyn Diary 13 July 1654, We all din'd at that..universally-curious Dr. Wilkin's. 1818Cobbett Pol. Reg. XXXIII. 180 The chief reason of this universally evil effect. 1869Dunkin Midn. Sky 8 The universally-known seven stars in Ursa Major. 1890Science-Gossip XXVI. 30/1 The universally received opinion. |