| 释义 |
header|ˈhɛdə(r)|
Forms: 5 hevedare, hefdare, heder(e, -are, 6 heeder, 7 (9) headder, 6– header.
[f. head v. and n.1 + -er1.]
1. One who or that which removes the head.
†a. One who beheads; a headsman, executioner.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) V. 113 Alban..conuertede his heder in to the feithe of Christ. c1440Promp. Parv. 231/2 Hedare, or hefdare..decapitator. 1519W. Horman Vulg. 136 An hangeman or an heeder is odiose to loke vpon.
b. One who removes the heads of fish; also, a machine used for this purpose.
1623Whitbourne Newfoundland 82 Skilfull headders, and splitters of fish. 1809Naval Chron. XXI. 21 The headder cuts open the fish, tears up its entrails, and..breaks off its head.
c. A kind of reaping-machine which cuts off only the heads of the grain; also, a machine for gathering the heads of clover for the seed.
1874Knight Dict. Mech., Clover-seed Harvester,..it is known as a header. 1883Harper's Mag. Aug. 389/1 Here are..no ‘headers’ devouring fields and delivering sacks of clean grain. 1884Ibid. Sept. 503/1 The use of ‘headers’ rather than the ordinary mowers and reapers.
2. a. One who puts a head on something, e.g. casks, nails, pins, etc. b. An apparatus for shaping the mouth end of a cigar.
1755Johnson, Header, one that heads nails or pins, or the like. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Header, a cooper who closes casks. 1870Eng. Mech. Mar. 599/1 A ‘header’..shapes the head or mouth end of the cigar.
†3. One who makes head against or resists something; an opponent. Obs. rare.
1537Hilsey in Strype Eccl. Mem. (1721) I. App. lxxxviii. 232 The headers of that truth that God techyth cannot escape just judgment.
4. a. One who heads or leads a party, etc.; a leader. rare.
1818Todd, Header..2, one who heads a mob or party. 1882W. B. Weeden Soc. Law Labor 94 The header, captain, intertaker..must conduct the operation.
b. ‘A ship's mate or other officer in charge of a whale-boat; a boat-header’ (Cent. Dict.).
c. = heading dog (heading vbl. n. 4 b). N.Z.
1938R. M. Burdon High Country x. 107 Dogs are usually kept in the proportion of three or four huntaways to one header now. 1958Landfall XII. 17 Watching him work the new sheep dog, I see the taut thread of his whistle run from his mouth to the pricked quivering ears of the header. 1973Times 13 Oct. 14/4 Early British sheep dogs were less versatile, They were divided into those which fetched the sheep and those which drove them away, as still occurs in New Zealand with header and hunt-away.
5. a. Building. A brick, or stone, laid with its head or end in the face of the wall; opp. to stretcher, which is laid lengthwise. Also applied to sods, etc., similarly placed in fortification.
1688R. Holme Armoury 261 Header, is the laying the end of a Brick in the outside of a wall. 1700Moxon Mech. Exerc. 36 The Header half the length of the Stretcher. 1725W. Halfpenny Sound Building 51 The Course..consists of two Streachers and one Header. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §82 The tail of the header was made to.. bond with the interior parts. 1851J. S. Macaulay Field Fortif. 63 The third kind of revetment..made with sods of unequal sizes, called headers and stretchers. 1884Milit. Engin. I. ii. 73 Making good the interval between parapet and gabions with filled sandbags, header, and stretcher.
b. A top layer. U.S.
1867Trans. Ill. Agric. Soc. VI. 641 Prime Pork—Shall be packed with a header of side cuts, the regular width, three half heads.
c. Engin. (See quot. 1940.)
1930Engineering 25 July 121/1 They contain four headers, which are turned from solid mild-steel forgings. 1940Chambers's Techn. Dict. 406/2 Header, a box or manifold supplying fluid to a number of tubes or passages, or connecting them in parallel. 1958W. Hryniszak Heat Exchangers vii. 132 The function of the headers is either to distribute the gas over the matrix (inlet header), or to collect it from the matrix (outlet header) with the minimum possible loss of pressure not used for heat transfer purposes.
d. Hedging. (See quot.)
1941Archit. Rev. LXXXIX. 85/2 The ‘pleaches’ too are rammed down, and when several yards are ready the two men work in the headers, which are slender and straight rods, twisted over and across, in and out of the stakes.
6. Pugilism. A blow on the head.
1818Sporting Mag. II. 279 The latter almost instantly surprised Johnson with another header.
7. A plunge or dive head foremost. colloq.
1849Alb. Smith Pottleton Leg. 298 A ‘header’ from the bank through a thin coat of ice. 1859W. H. Gregory Egypt I. 276 Four blacks one after the other took a header into the boiling current. 1873G. C. Davies Mount. & Mere xiv. 113 The delights of a header off a rock ten feet high, and an unknown depth of clear, cold water below.
transf. and fig.1860Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. (1870) II. iv. 59 Till we..take our final header out of this riddle of a world. 1870H. Meade N. Zealand 286 The mast..took a clear header overboard. 1891Spectator 25 July, The world in general goes a header for the new system.
8. One who dives head foremost. rare.
1848Clough Bothie iii. 20 There they bathed, of course, and Arthur, the glory of headers, Leapt from the ledges with Hope, he twenty feet, he thirty.
9. Mining.
a. A collier or coal-cutter who drives a head (see head n.1 23).
1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-mining.
b. = heading vbl. n. 11.
1877R. W. Raymond Statistics of Mines 165 The header had reached..a length of 12,259 feet.
10. Needle Manuf. A person who turns the needles all one way for drilling (Cent. Dict.).
11. Assoc. Football. A ball which is headed. Also, one who heads the ball (see head v. 15).
1906L. V. Lodge in B. O. Corbett Ann. Corinthian Football Club 188 A back must be not only a good kick and sound tackler, but at the same time an accurate header. Ibid. 189 A really high-class header, by a skilful movement of the neck.., can move the ball a surprising distance. 1927Daily Express 20 Apr. 13/2 Trotter gave the home club the lead with a beautiful header, following a free kick well taken by Leach. 1955Times 13 Aug. 4/3 Yashin brought off a wonderful one-handed save to push out Wilshaw's header, which looked a certain goal. 1969Times 8 Oct. 13/3 It was Marsh who came closest to scoring, when Kelly, using his left arm like a scythe, turned a header over the bar.
12. attrib. and Comb.: header-board, a diving-board; header brick = header 5; so heading brick.
1913E. F. Benson Thorley Weir i, The nude figure of a boy on the header-board in the act of springing from it into the water.
1897F. C. Moore How to build Home vii. 110 A ‘header’ brick is one laid in the wall so that only its end shows. 1901J. Black Illustr. Carp. & Build., Scaffolding 24 Cavities in the brickwork obtained by leaving out ‘header’ bricks at proper intervals. Ibid. 26 A ‘heading’ brick. |