| 释义 |
▪ I. hest, n. arch.|hɛst|
Forms: α. 1 hǽs, 2 hes, 2–3 hæs, 3 heas, 3–4 has. β. hesn. γ. 2–6 heste, 3– hest, (3 haste, 3, 5–7 heast, 4–5 heest(e, 5–6 heaste, 6 Sc. heist).
[OE. hǽs fem. (inflected hǽse) was the regular repr. of OTeut. *hait-ti-, abstr. n. from haitan ‘to call upon by name’, OE. hátan: see hight v.; thence early ME. hæs (has), heas, hes (infl. -e), altered to heste, hest, by assimilation to ns. in ME. -te:—OE. -t, as ishefte, wiste, OE. ᵹesceaft, wist, from scięppan, wesan. The early pl. of this was hesten. In 12th c., there was also a deriv. in -n, hesn, inflected hesne.]
1. Bidding, command, injunction, behest. arch.
αc1000ælfric Gram. xxxiii. (Z.) 210 On ðisum and swylcum is ᵹebed and na hæs. ― Gen. xxiv. 10 Be his hlafordes hæse. a1200Moral Ode 292 Nout of godes bode ne of godes hese [v.r. hease]. Ibid. 345 Þe narewei is godes hes [v.r. has]. c1200Ormin 3537 Þurrh þatt Kaseress hæse.
βc1175Lamb. Hom. 139 To techen þe folke godes hesne to done, þe lewede godes hesne for to heren. a1175Cott. Hom. 229 He ȝestilde windes mid his hesne.
γc1175Lamb. Hom. 9 Þa ilke þa haldet cristes heste. a1225Ancr. R. 8 Þeos..beoð Godes hesten. a1225Leg. Kath. 48 [He] sende heast & bode, se wide se þe lond was. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. ii. 82 Vnboxome and bolde to breke þe ten hestes. c1449Pecock Repr. 465 Teching the doctrines and the heestis of men. 1609Sir R. Shirley in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) III. 93 Perform those heasts, which the great Persian..hath imposed upon thy integrity. 1610Shakes. Temp. iii. i. 43 O my Father, I haue broke your hest to say so. 1633T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter ii. 11 They stand round about the Lord..and execute his imposed hests like ready servants. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xv, Christian or heathen, you shall swear to do my hest. 1858Carlyle Fredk. Gt. v. vi. II. 110 Standing like a hackney-coach..at the hest of a discerning public and its shilling.
†2. Vow, promise. Cf. behest. Obs.
a1200Moral Ode 242 Þa þe gode biheten heste and nolden hit ileste. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 6453 Þis ys þe heste [v.r. hete] þat y þe hight. c1350Leg. Rood (1871) 74 To þe land of hest þat ȝam was hight. c1400Rom. Rose 4477 Whanne heest and deede..varie, They doon a gret contrarie. a1420Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 2243 Fy! what? a lorde breke his heste or bonde? 1513Douglas æneis ii. xi. [x.] 84 Thi moderis heist on na wis nedis the dout. 1567Turberv. tr. Ovid's Ep. (1576) 141 She thought it best To stand unto her former plighted hest. 1599Life Sir T. More in Wordsw. Eccl. Biog. (1853) II. 46 To thee sweet Rose, by hest is this homage more than dewe.
†3. Will, purpose, determination. Obs.
(App. arising from an imperfect comprehension of sense 1.)
1500–20Dunbar Poems xxxii. 30 He..handlit hir as he had hest. 1583Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 64 In one heast hee stieflye remayned. ― Ps. i. 2 (Arb.) 126 But in the sound law of the lord His mynd, or heast is resiaunt. 1845Carlyle Cromwell viii. (1871) IV. 80 Swallowing in silence as his hest was.
▪ II. † hest, v. Obs.
[f. hest n. Cf. behest v.]
1. trans. To promise.
14..Cast. Love (Halliw.) 411 Tho thu to him thy hest hestyst [earlier MS. hiȝtest], Thorgh sothe then deth to him thou hettyst. c1450Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 92 Ther hested I, as myn hert thought, To serve my God with hertyly love.
2. To bid, command.
1583Stanyhurst æneis iv. (Arb.) 106 He persisting too doo what Iuppiter heasted, Sturd not an eye.
3. catachr. To grant (a wish).
1583Stanyhurst æneis, iv. (Arb.) 98 Thy long wish is hested [habes, tota quod mente petisti].
Hence ˈhesting vbl. n., purpose, design. (Cf. hest n. 3.)
1583Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 45 This guest ful slylye did offer Hym self for captiue, thearby too coompas his heasting.
▪ III. hest
obs. form of east.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Thomas 441 In hest ynde. |