| 释义 |
▪ I. hield, heeld, heald, v. Obs. or dial.|hiːld|
Forms: 1 hieldan, hyldan, heldan, (1–4 3rd s. hylt, helt), 2–5 helde(n, 3 healden, hælden, 4 heyld, (heill), 4–5 held, heelde, hilde, 4–6 heild, hield(e, hylde, 5–7 heeld, 9 dial. heald. See also heel v.2, hell v.1 pa. tense 1 hylde, 3 heolde, hæld(e, halde, 4 held(e, helte, hild(e, 5 (9 Sc.) helt; also held-, heilded(e, etc. pa. pple. 1 hylded, 4 helded, held, etc.
[OE. hięldan, late WS. hyldan, Kentish hęldan, Angl. hældan = OS. -hęldian (af-hęldian to decline), MDu., MLG. helden, Du. hellen to slope, overhang, OHG. hęldan (:—haldjan), MHG. helden to incline, lean:—OTeut. type *halþjan, f. *halþo-, OHG. hald, OE. heald, ON. hallr inclined, sloping, bent to one side.]
I. Intransitive uses.
1. To bend downwards or to one side; to lean, incline, slope. Obs. or dial. (See also heel v.2 1.)
c888K. ælfred Boeth. xxxiii. §4 Heo ne helt on nane healfe. c1205Lay. 29642 Austin a cneowe heolde Adun to þere uolde. a1300Cursor M. 24407 Þan lete he dun his heued heild. c1440Hylton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) ii. xxv, A cyte sette vpon an hylle heldinge to the southe. 1483Cath. Angl. 180/2 To Helde..to bowe. 1501Douglas Pal. Hon. iii. ix, This gudely carvell..Now sank scho low, now hie to heuin vpheildit. 1530Palsgr. 585/1, I hylde, I leane on the one syde, as a bote or shyp or any other vessell. Ibid., Sytte fast..for the bote begynneth to hylde. 1559Morwyng Evonym. 351 Let it be laid in a dish hielding toward the one syde. 1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. xi. 53 We say a Ship doth heeld on Starboord or Larboord, that is, to that side shee doth leane most. 1678Phillips (ed. 4), Heeld [so ed. 1696; ed. Kersey 1706heel], a term in Navigation, a Ship heelds..that is, leans most to that side. 1825Brockett, Heald, to incline, to bend laterally.
†b. To bow, submit. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 22235 All folk to rome suld heild, And truage als til hefd yeild. 13..Coer de L. 791 If ever I stope or held, I hope never to be scheld! a1400–50Alexander 1622 Nouthire haylsid I him ne hildid him nouthire.
†2. To sink, droop, decline, fall; to come or go down (lit. and fig.). Obs.
c1205Lay. 3915 Suððen he adun halde. Ibid. 16478 Heo smiten a þan hæðene þæt heo adun helden. a1300E.E. Psalter ci. 12 [cii. 11] Mine daies als schadwe helded þai. c1340Cursor M. 6431 (Fairf.) Be þe sunne be-gan to helde Wiþ israel was left þe felde. a1400–50Alexander 3201 Doun he hildis all to-hewyn þaire handis be-twene. c1430Syr Gener. 4444 Ismael so Generides smet..That Generides began to helde; Welnigh he had goon to ground.
†3. To bend one's course, turn in a particular direction; to take one's way; to go or come. Obs.
c1205Lay. 6115 He to scipe wende And fram þan londe hælde. Ibid. 20186 Arður halde after Mid þritti þusend cnihten. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 39 Þen þe harlot with haste helded to þe table. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1922 Þenne þay helden to home.
†4. To turn away or aside (lit. and fig.). Obs.
c1205Lay. 8878 A-weiward he halde, and nolde hit iheren. a1300E.E. Psalter xiii[i]. 3 Alle helded þai samen ai. c1325Metr. Hom. 83 Scho heldid sone to synfull layke. a1340Hampole Psalter xiii. 4 All thai heldid, to gidere thai ere made vnprofitabile.
5. To incline to; to be of the party of, take up with, favour. Obs. or dial.
a1300Cursor M. 17462 All þat wit him heilded or held. Ibid. 19805 Þar was a man heldand to right, Cornelius to nam he hight. c1325Metr. Hom. 80 If thou will to my langynge helde. 1375Barbour Bruce vi. 353 It [valour] wald till hardyment hald [v.rr. heyld, heill] haly, With-thi away war the foly. 1828Craven Dial., Heald, to be favourable to, ‘he healds au to yan side’.
II. Transitive uses.
†6. To cause to take a downward or sloping position; to incline, bow, bend down. Obs.
Beowulf (Z.) 687 Hylde hine þa heaþo-deor. c1000Ags. Gosp. Luke xxiv. 5 Þa hiᵹ adredon, and hyra andwlitan on eorþan hyldun. a1300E.E. Psalter xvi[i]. 6 Helde þine ere to me. a1340Hampole Psalter xvii. 11 He heldid heuens and he lightid down. c1440Promp. Parv. 234/2 Heldyn, or bowyn, inclino, flecto, deflecto.
7. To pour out (liquor) by sloping or tilting the vessel that contains it; hence gen. to pour, shed (lit. and fig.). Obs. or dial. See also hell v.1
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 213 To drinken..þat he sholde spelien wrecche men, oðer raðer helden hit ut þene men þermide fordrenchen. a1225Ancr. R. 428 Me schal helden eoli and win beoðe ine wunden. a1340Hampole Psalter xxi. 13 As watere i am helt. 1382Wyclif Lam. ii. 4 [He] heeldide [1388 schedde] out as fyr his indignacioun. c1449Pecock Repr. iii. viii. 323 In this dai venom is hildid into the chirche of God. 1674Ray N.C. Words 24 To Heald, as when you pour out of a Pot. 1807J. Stagg Poems 11 Some they helt it [drink] down sea fast, They suin cud hardly stan.
Hence ˈhielded ppl. a., inclined, tilted; ˈhielding vbl. n., sloping, declension, pouring out; ˈhielding ppl. a., leaning, inclining (lit. and fig.).
a1300E.E. Psalter lxi. 4 [lxii. 3] Als a heldeand wagh mai be, And a stane wall doune-put. a1340Hampole Psalter xiii. 4 With that heldynge thai ere made vnprofitabile. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Clemens 397 Þe mone..In heldyne was of Martis house. c1430Hymns Virg. 23 Þat y be no þing hildande To loue uerrili þe worldis wele. c1440Promp. Parv. 234/2 Heldynge, or bowynge..inclinacio. 1627–47Feltham Resolves ii. xxxvi. 367 Pleasure..is at best but a hilded vessell.
▪ II. † hield, heeld, heald, n. Obs.
Forms: 1–5 helde, 2 hulde (ü), 4–5 held, 6 heild, 9 heald.
[OE. *hięlde, hylde, hęlde, wk. fem. f. hięldan: see hield v. But in later use perh. formed anew from the vb. stem.]
1. A slope, incline, declivity.
943Charter in Kemble Cod. Dipl. III. 418 Ðonne andlang ðære dic oð ðæs clifes norð hyldan. a1000Ags. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 205/36 Cliuium, i. discensum, helde, burhsteal. a1200Moral Ode 343 Hi muwen lihtliche gon, mid ðere nuðer hulde..in-to ane bare felde. c1250Hymn to God 22 in Trin. Coll. Hom. App. 258 In heldes and in hulle. 13..Guy Warw. (A.) 3442 Þe narwe paþe bi-tven the held. c1420Pallad. on Husb. viii. 22 Neepis loueth heldis. 1513Douglas æneis vii. Prol. 48 Montayne toppis sleikit wyth snaw our heildis.
b. on held: in a bent or stooping posture.
c1460Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 154 So I hobylle alle on held That unethes may I walk for eld.
2. fig. Inclination; declension, decline.
13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1520 As vchon hade hym in helde he haled of þe cuppe. 1599Nashe Lenten Stuffe Ep. Ded. (1871) 14 His purse is on the heild.
3. Naut. = heel n.2
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Heald, the heel over of a grounded ship.
▪ III. hield
obs. pa. tense of hold v. |