| 释义 |
▪ I. hiss, v.|hɪs|
[A word imitating or exemplifying the sound to which it is applied; app. not recorded before the close of the 14th c., and not known in the earlier stage of any Teutonic lang. (An alleged OE. hysian is an error.) Kilian has in early mod. Flem. (1599) ‘hisschen, hissen, sibilare, Ang. hisse’, but this word is not in MDu. nor in mod.Du., where ‘to hiss’ is sissen, Ger. zischen. Cf. hish, hizz.]
1. intr. To make the sharp spirant sound emitted by certain animals, as geese and serpents, or caused (e.g.) by the escape of steam through a narrow aperture, or uttered in the pronunciation of ‘s’. (L. sibilāre.) Also in Electricity (cf. hissing arc).
1388Wyclif Isa. v.. 26 He schal hisse [1382 whistlen] to hym fro the endis of erthe. c1400Mandeville (1839) xviii. 196 Þei speken nought, but þei hissen, as serpentes don. c1440Jacob's Well (E.E.T.S.) 107 As a chylde, þat dare noȝt passe, for þe goos hysseth at him. c1532G. Du Wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 917 The serpentes hysses. a1637B. Jonson Eng. Gram. Wks. (Rtldg.) 774/2 S is a most easy and gentle letter, and softly hisseth against the teeth in the prolation. 1656Bp. Hall Occas. Medit. (1851) 54 Hark how that iron, quenched in the water, hisseth. 1715–20Pope Iliad i. 68 He twang'd his deadly bow, And hissing fly the feather'd fates below. 1843Lever J. Hinton xl, The little tea-kettle was hissing on the hob. 1872Baker Nile Tribut. xxi. 362 A few drops of water thrown on the surface will hiss and evaporate as though cast upon molten metal. 1961J. Thewlis Encycl. Dict. Physics III. 703/1 If the current passing through a carbon arc exceeds a certain value depending on the length of the arc, the latter begins to ‘hiss’.
2. Of a person: To make this sound as an expression of disapproval or derision. (Usually const. at, with indirect passive.)
1388Wyclif Jer. xix. 8 Ech that passith bi it, schal wondre, and hisse [1382 whistlen] on al the veniaunce thereof. 1535Coverdale Lam. ii. 15 Hissinge and wagginge their heades vpon the doughter Ierusalem. c1566J. Alday tr. Boaystuau's Theat. World I vj, Subject, as in a playe to be hissed at, and chased awaye with shame. 1649Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. iii. Ad §15. 105 Thou art disgraced and hissed at. 1683Dryden Vind. Dk. of Guise Wks. 1725 V. 329 To Clap and Hiss are the Privileges of a Free-born Subject in a Play-House. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xiv, Those who had hissed when the subject was introduced.
3. trans. To express disapproval of (a person or thing) by making this sound.
1599Marston Sco. Villanie i. iv. 190 Would not some freshman..Hisse and deride such blockish foolery? 1615J. Stephens Satyr. Ess. 292 When hee heares his play hissed. 1720Prior Prol. to ‘The Orphan’ 4 Hireling actors..Whom you may clap or hiss for half-a-crown. 1833Lamb Elia (1860) 274 They have hissed me.
4. To drive or send away with or by means of hissing. Chiefly with advbs., as to hiss out, hiss away, hiss down.
1519W. Horman Vulg. 137 He was hyssed out of the place. 1548Udall Erasm. Par. Luke Pref. 12 The poetes doe hisse the olde goddes out of place. 1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. iv. 459 He..Is to be hist from learned Disputations. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. iv. xi. 290 They had rather be hiss'd down then not come upon the stage. 1655W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. xix. (1669) 240/2 Thus faith hisseth Satan away with this his argument. 1779Johnson Lett. to Mrs. Thrale 28 Oct., I always hissed away the charge. 1895R. H. Sherard in Bookman Oct. 17/2 The first performance of ‘Faust’, which was hissed off the stage on that occasion.
5. To utter or express by hissing or with a hiss, esp. as expressive of intense anger or hate.
1775Johnson Tax. no Tyr. 78 One of the threats hissed out by the Congress. 1850Lynch Theo. Trin. vii. 135, I sat down to the piano whilst the kettle was hissing preparation. 1884Pae Eustace 66 ‘You shall yet repent this’, he hissed.
Hence hissed |hɪst| ppl. a.; hisser, one who hisses.
c1440Gesta Rom. xxxv. 137 (Harl. MS.) In that oþere side is an hisser or a siblatour, and he hissithe so swetlye. 1589Nashe Pref. to Greene's Menaphon (Arb.) 13 Whose heroicall poetry..recalled to life what euer hissed [ed. 1616 histed] Barbarisme hath been buried this C. yeere. 1662J. Chandler Van Helmont's Oriat. 164 He uncompelled, runs back to hissed-out elementary distemperatures. 1819Sporting Mag. IV. 20 A rhapsody addressed to the clappers, hissers and damners, attending the theatres. Mod. ‘S’ is a hissed consonant.
▪ II. hiss, n.|hɪs|
Also 6 hys, hysse.
[f. hiss v.]
1. a. A sharp continuous spirant sound such as is emitted by geese and serpents, and in the pronunciation of ‘s’.
1513Douglas æneis xii. xiii. 176 Scho [an owl] soundis so with mony hys and how, And in hys scheild can with hyr wyngis smyte. 1598Barret Theor. Warres ii. i. 17 The alarme..is sometimes done with a whistle or hysse, for not to disturbe the Campe. 1667Milton P.L. i. 768 Brusht with the hiss of russling wings. 1791Cowper Iliad xvi. 435 The hiss of flying shafts. 1871L. Stephen Playgr. Europe iii. (1894) 80 A layer [of snow]..slid smoothly down..with a low ominous hiss. 1887Bowen Virg. æneid v. 278 Some snake..throat lifted to dart Hiss upon hiss.
b. Phonetics. A consonant pronounced with a hiss; a sibilant, esp. the sounds [s] and [z]. Also attrib.
1890Sweet Primer Spoken Eng. 10 Buzzes (voiced hisses) when final begin with voice and end in whisper. 1892― Short Hist. Eng. Grammar §305 Words.. ending in a hiss-consonant. 1933L. Bloomfield Language vi. 100 Our gingival spirants [s, z] are hisses or sibilants. 1953Archivum Linguisticum V. 68 The distinction between hiss- (Fr. sifflantes) and hush-sibilants (Fr. chuintantes).
2. This sound uttered in disapproval or scorn.
1602Dekker Satiro-Mastix To Rdr. A iv b, To beholde this short Comedy of Errors, and where the greatest enter, to give them instead of a hisse, a gentle correction. 1667Milton P.L. x. 508 A dismal universal hiss, the sound Of public scorn. 1711Pope Temp. Fame 405 Scornful hisses run thro' all the crowd. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 70 The applauses and hisses of the theatre. |