| 释义 |
Hoffmann|ˈhɒfmən|
1. The name of Friedrich Hoffmann (1660–1742), German physician, used in the possessive in Hoffmann's anodyne (in full Hoffmann's mineral anodyne liquor), compound spirit of ether, a mixture of alcohol and ether with ethereal oil.
1747R. James New Univ. Eng. Dispensatory 803/1 Liquor Mineralis Anodynus Hoffmanni. Frederic Hoffman's Anodyne Mineral Liquor. 1857Amer. Jrnl. Pharm. May 200 For some years past the preparation sold under the name of Hoffman's anodyne has been forcibly dragged along by the materia medica list, supported alone by its unused formula and former character. 1878W. B. Woodman tr. von Ziemssen's Cycl. Pract. Med. XVII. 442 The internal use of ether (Hoffmann's anodyne) may lead to poisoning. 1910A. C. Wootton Chron. Pharm. I. xiii. 348 Hoffmann's ‘Mineral Anodyne Liquor’, the original of our Spiritus ætheris Co., was a semi-secret preparation much prescribed by the famous inventor. 1945D. Guthrie Hist. Med. xii. 217 One of his preparations, Hoffmann's anodyne (Spiritus Aetheris Co) still survives, although his extensive work..in nine volumes..has long since been forgotten.
2. The name of Friedrich Hoffmann (1818–1900), used attrib. and in the possessive to designate a form of continuous kiln consisting of a number of compartments with a common chimney, so arranged that the fire can be moved to each compartment in turn, with hot air from cooling bricks used for heating unburnt bricks.
1875Ure's Dict. Arts. III. 20 (heading) Hoffmann's continuous kiln. 1879Notes on Building Construction iii. 101 Hoffmann's Kiln is used chiefly in brick-manufactories on a large scale, where a great number of bricks is required annually. 1960M. Bowley Innovat. Building Mat. iii. viii. 163 The majority of kilns in the industry are variations of the Hoffman kiln.
3. The name of Johann Hoffmann (1857–1919), German neurologist, used attrib. and in the possessive to designate various signs, etc., discovered or described by him, as Hoffmann('s) atrophy = Werdnig–Hoffmann('s) atrophy; Hoffmann('s) sign: (a) increased sensitivity of the sensory nerves to mechanical stimulation; also called Hoffman('s) phenomenon, Hoffmann's symptom; (b) a type of reflex action of the fingers; also called digital reflex, Hoffmann('s) reflex; also ellipt.
1900Dorland Med. Dict. 600/2 Hoffmann's s[ign], increased mechanic irritability of the sensory nerves in tetany. 1908A. Gordon Dis. Nerv. Syst. xxi. 399 Hoffmann's Sign.—Pressure upon sensory nerve produces marked pain. 1908A. Church Dis. Nerv. Syst. 916 (heading) Mechanical Hyperirritability (Chvostek's phenomenon, Hoffmann's phenomenon). 1910Osler & Macrae Syst. Med. VII. 73 The sensory nerves may also be hypersensitive, and tapping at Valleix's points then calls forth abnormally intense sensations (Hoffmann's symptom). 1916Jrnl. Nervous & Mental Dis. XLIV. 51 During a period spent at the Neurological Institute of New York, I was told of a reflex of the fingers which was designated by the term ‘Hoffmann's Sign’. 1933Ibid. LXXVII. 598 Of the 26 patients with the post-encephalitic Parkinson syndrome, the Hoffmann reflex was positive in 6 and the Babinski positive in 4. 1939W. Haymaker tr. Bing's Textbk. Nerv. Dis. iv. 150 Increased galvanic irritability of sensory nerves, occurring at times in patients with tetany, is known as Hoffmann's phenomenon. 1950R. N. DeJong Neurol. Exam. xxxvi. 593 The Hoffmann is a positive sign of definite significance, even though it may occur on occasion in the absence of organic disease. |