| 释义 |
▪ I. hoise, v. Obs. exc. dial.|hɔɪz|
Pa. tense and pple. hoised, hoist. Forms: α. 5 hysse, 6 hyce, hyse. β. 5– hoise (6 hoighce, 6–7 hoyse, hoisse, 7 hoiss).
[In 15–16th c. hysse, hyce, which corresponds with Icel. hisa, Norw., Sw. hissa, Da. hisse, LG. hiesen, hissen (Chyträus 1582, whence Ger. hissen), Du. hijschen (het zeyl ophijsen to hoise the sail, Hexham 1678); also F. hisser (16th c. hinser, inser, 1611 Cotgr. yser), It. issare (Diez), Sp. izar (1599 Minsheu hiçar), Pg. içar. It is not yet known in which language this nautical word arose; the English examples are earlier than any cited elsewhere. The β forms hoighce, hoisse, hoise, appear to arise from a broad pronunciation of hyce, hysse, hyse (the mod. repr. of which appears to be the northern heeze); they are earlier than the interchange of oi, ī, in oil, īle, boil, bīle, etc. Otherwise, Engl. oi, oy, is usually of foreign origin, French or Dutch: cf. rejoice, boil, toy, etc.
It is to be noticed that the word appears early as an interjection, being the actual cry of sailors in hauling: Eng. hissa (c 1450), Sc. heisau (Compl. of Scot. 1549), Sp. hiza (Minsheu 1599), now iza, Pg. iça, F. inse! inse! (Rabelais c 1530). These Romanic forms have the appearance of the imperative of the vb. hizar, içar, inser; but whether this is historically so, or whether the vb. was subseq. formed from the cry, is not clear.]
1. trans. To raise aloft by means of a rope or pulley and tackle, or by other mechanical appliance.
a. Orig. Naut., and chiefly to hoise sail; often with up.
α [c1450Pilgr. Sea Voy. 13 in Stac. Rome etc. 37 With ‘howe! hissa!’ then they [shipmen] cry, ‘What howe, mate! thow stondyst to ny, Thy felow may nat hale [= haul] the by’. Cf. also heisau in heeze v. quot. 1549. ]1490Caxton Eneydos xxxi. 117 They made the saylles to be hyssed vppe. 1517H. Watson Ship of Fools A ij a, I tourne and hyse the cordes of the shyppe. 1530Palsgr. 585/1, I hyse up the sayle, as shypmen do, je haulce. 1547Salesbury Welsh Dict., Kodi ancor i vyny, hyce up an ancre. 1549, etc. [see heeze].
β1509Hawes Past. Pleas. (1555) 53 Hoyse up thy sayle. Ibid. 191 Then their anker they weyed in haste, And hoyst their sayle. a1537Batayle Egyngecourte (printed by J. Skot) A ij b, They hoysed their sayles sadly a lofte A goodly syght it was to se. 1589Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 58 Eurilochus..willed his men perforce to hoyse him a shipboord. 1610Shakes. Temp. i. ii. 148 They prepared A rotten carkasse of a Butt..There they hoyst vs To cry to th' Sea. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 207 We..hoissed sailes for Sidon. 1715–20Pope Iliad i. 624 Then launch, and hoise the mast. 1791Cowper Odyss. xv. 353 They..straining at the halyards, hoised the sail.
absol.1685Roxb. Ball. (1885) V. 544 We hoised and hast'ned up into the Straits.
†b. to hoise out (forth): to launch, lower (a boat). Obs.
1599Hakluyt Voy. II. 179 To hoise out their skiffe. 1628World Encomp. by Sir F. Drake 18 A boat being therefore hoised forth. 1697–9W. Dampier Voy. an. 1688 (R.) We hoysed out our boat, and took up some of them.
c. In other than nautical use.
1561J. Daus tr. Bullinger on Apoc. (1573) 148 b, Hoysing them horribly vp to a gibet. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage iv. xvi. 370 Hoising them up and down by the armes with a cord. 1699W. Dampier Voy. (1729) II. i. 48 There stands a Flag Staff, purposely for the hoysing up the English Colours. 1710Swift Baucis & Philemon 57 The kettle to the top was hoist, And there stood fasten'd to a joist.
2. To raise aloft, lift up: usually with the notion of exertion; cf. heeze v.
1548Udall Erasm. Par. Luke xxiv. 175 Beyng hoighced vp vpon the crosse. 1570B. Googe Pop. Kingd. i. 5 b, From the bottom deepe He hoyseth up the weeping soules, in blessed ioyes to sleepe. 1645Milton Colast. Wks. (1851) 374 The shame of all honest Atturneys, why doe they not hoiss him over the barre, and blanket him? 1690W. Walker Idiomat. Anglo-Lat. 36 Hoise this fellow on thy back, and carry him in. a1763Shenstone Colemira 59 When with nice airs she hoist the pancake round. 1830J. Wilson Noct. Ambr. Wks. 1855 II. 349 Gin I could get a cleik o' the bane..I might hoise it gently up..and then pu' it out o' his mouth. 1842S. Lover Handy Andy xv. 142 ‘Remember,..you won't tell we hoised you.’
b. hoist with his own petard (Shakes.): Blown into the air by his own bomb; hence, injured or destroyed by his own device for the ruin of others.
1604Shakes. Ham. iii. iv. 207 (Qo. 2) Tis the sport to haue the enginer Hoist with his owne petar. 1826Scott Woodst. xxxiii, 'Tis sport to have the engineer Hoist with his own petard, as our immortal Shakspeare has it. 1847De Quincey Protestantism Ess. (1858) 138 To see the cruel bibliolater, in Hamlet's words, ‘hoist by his own petard’. 1866Geo. Eliot F. Holt ii. (1868) 30 They shall be hoist with their own petard. 1882Nature XXVI. 146 The criticism of practical men..was disarmed; these found themselves hoist with their own petard.
†3. To raise in position, degree, or quality; to exalt, elevate; to raise in amount or price. Obs.
1581W. Stafford Exam. Compl. iii. (1876) 82 This rackynge and hoyssing vp of Rentes. 1583Stanyhurst æneis i. (Arb.) 18 Shee pouts, that Ganymed by Ioue too skitop is hoysed. 1642Rogers Naaman 488 To bee hoysed up with such a spirit of freedom. 1679Crowne Ambit. Statesm. v. 80 I've torn my bowels out To hoyse my self into this Tyrant's favour. 1730T. Boston Mem. vii. 100, I was somewhat hoised above it.
†4. To lift and move; to remove. Obs.
1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, i. i. 169 Wee'l quickly hoyse Duke Humfrey from his seat. 1671Grew Anat. Plants i. iii. App. §7 The Brushes of the Winds would injuriously hoise them to and fro. c1750Rob Roy ii. in Child Ballads vii. ccxxv. 248/1 He hoised her out among his crew, And rowd her in his plaidie.
†5. intr. (for pass.) To be raised, to rise. Obs.
1565Golding Ovid's Met. ii. (1593) 32 The waine for want of weight..Did hoise aloft, and scaile, and reele as though it emptie were. 1570B. Googe Pop. Kingd. 2 a, And with a worde he hoyseth up, unto the starry raigne.
Hence hoised ppl. a., hoising vbl. n. and ppl. a., ˈhoiser, one who or that which hoises. Also hoise n., a lift, hoist 1.
1568T. Howell Newe Sonets (1879) 119 With hoysing waues and windes so hardly tost. 1576Gosson Spec. Humanum iii. in Sch. Abuse (Arb.) Notes 76 The prime of youth, whose greene vnmellowde yeares With hoysed head doth checke the loftie skies. 1611Cotgr., Leveur, a rayser..hoyser, or heauer vp of. 1615T. Adams White Devill 62 For the hoording of corne and hoysing of markets. 1632Sherwood, A hoising instrument (to lift vp stones). 1786Burns Ordination xiii, They'll gie her on a rape a hoyse.
▪ II. hoise, hois(s
obs. Sc. forms of hose. |