| 释义 |
▪ I. ‖ homo, n.1|ˈhəʊməʊ, ˈhɒməʊ|
The Latin word for man. a. From its use in Latin works on logic, frequently employed, in quasi-logical or scholastic language, in the sense ‘human being’. b. Zool. The genus of which Man is the single living species, having many geographical races and varieties. Many other species of the genus Homo have been proposed, to include various fossils of extinct hominids (as Homo neanderthalensis, H. erectus, H. habilis, etc.). Homo sapiens |ˈseɪpɪɛnz, ˈsæpɪɛnz| [mod.L. (Linnæus Systema Naturæ (ed. 10, 1758) I. 20), f. L. sapiens wise]: the human species; the form of man represented by the surviving races and varieties.
1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, ii. i. 104 Homo is a common name to all men. 1649Moderate Intelligencer No. 213. 10 F ij b (Stanf.), You have made the word Malignant of that latitude, that it almost comprehends all, that is a homo. 1797Encycl. Brit. X. 507/2 In the Systema Naturæ, Man (Homo) is ranked as a distinct genus of the order Primates. 1802W. Turton tr. Linnæus's Gen. Syst. Nature I. 9 Homo. Sapiens. Diurnal; varying by education and situation. a1843Southey Comm.-pl. Bk. (1849) IV. 419 One of these homo's had 800 head of game in his larder. 1861Thackeray Philip Wks. 1887 I. v. 155 But, being homo, and liable to err. 1864Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1863 ii. 82 The author [sc. W. King] is led to regard the Neanderthal skull as belonging to a creature cranially and psychically different from man; and he proposes to distinguish the species by the name of Homo Neanderthalensis. 1886Besant Childr. Gibeon ii. iii. I. 285 A Homo in the abstract, male or female. 1896Kirkaldy & Pollard tr. Boas' Text-bk. Zool. 536 All Men are usually regarded as one species, Homo sapiens, divided into a number of races. 1924G. Elliot Smith Evol. Man ii. 76 The Rhodesian species was the most primitive member of the genus Homo at present known. 1940Nature 17 Feb. 261/1 Many anthropologists, disregarding the rules of nomenclature, relegate all forms of Homo that do not differ structurally from what they loosely term ‘modern man’ to the sole species Homo sapiens. 1964L. S. B. Leakey et al. Ibid. 4 Apr. 8/1 Genus Homo Linnæus. Species habilis sp. nov. (Note: The specific name is taken from the Latin, meaning ‘able, handy, mentally skilful, vigorous’. We are indebted to Prof. Raymond Dart for the suggestion that habilis would be a suitable name for the new species.) 1969Leakey & Goodall Unveiling Man's Origins (1970) p. xiv, The word Homo is the scientific name for the genus of man, and includes the species sapiens, which is man as we know him today, and other species such as erectus and habilis. Many other species names, in this genus, have been proposed from time to time (such as heidelbergensis and neanderthalensis) but these are not now generally recognized. 1971J. Z. Young Introd. Study Man xxxi. 444 Most of the characteristics of Homo seem to have evolved well within the Pleistocene. 1971Sci. Amer. Dec. 42 In a heavy brow ridge and a low forehead, the Pyrenees fossils more closely resemble Homo erectus, the 500,000-year-old fossil man of Java and China.
c. Used with L. or mock-L. adjs. in names imitating Homo sapiens, etc., and intended to personify some aspect of human life or behaviour (indicated by the adj.). Homo faber |ˈfeɪbə(r)| [H. Bergson L'Evolution Créatrice (1907) ii. 151], a term used to designate man as a maker of tools.
1911A. Mitchell tr. Bergson's Creative Evolution ii. 146 We should say perhaps not Homo sapiens, but Homo faber. 1934A. Toynbee Study Hist. III. 229 As Homo Belligerans, he focuses his convergent beams upon a single point on an aerial plane that is determined by the momentary presence of a hostile piece of aircraft. 1944H. G. Wells '42 to '44 ii. 100 Since poor rambling Homo insipiens began to put facts together and ask questions about them, he has been accumulating a vast disorder of answers. 1946M. L. Andison tr. Bergson's Creative Mind ii. 99, I believe that it is of man's essence to create materially and morally, to fabricate things and to fabricate himself. Homo faber is the definition I propose. 1948Education (Boston) Oct. 80/2 The range of possible noises that homo loquens can produce is ultimately conditioned by the structure of the human vocal apparatus and hearing apparatus. 1956A. Huxley Adonis & Alphabet 10 There are many anthropologists who prefer to think of man as homo faber—the smith, the maker of tools. 1959Encounter July 46/1 The Stoic philosophers..seem to have made much of these emblems of moral dangers, turning..Odysseus into the ideal homo viator. 1960E. Delavenay Introd. Machine Transl. 1 We can therefore rely on the inventiveness of homo faber. 1961Times 25 Apr. 15/7 Symbolizing..this concept of homo turisticus, the new Hilton hotel..will have 500 rooms—all with a view of the Parthenon. 1962Daily Tel. 7 Apr. 13 The bustling homo-sapiens was becoming homo-sedentarius, a quiet animal who sat and used his intelligence to push buttons and pull switches. 1962M. McLuhan Gutenberg Galaxy 70 As long as homo sedens avoids the more potent kinds of optical conditioning..the mere shades of sacral life, as between nomadic and sedentary man, do not faze Eliade. 1963Auden Dyer's Hand ii. 88 Something managers need to be reminded of, namely, that the managed are people with faces,..that Homo Laborans is also Homo Ludens. 1964English Studies XLV. (Suppl.) 244 An arraignment of Walter Pater in his quality as homo aestheticus. 1972N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 26 Nov. 22/3 Homo lexicographicus is a chalcenterous subspecies of mankind. 1973Holt & Marjoram Maths. in Changing World ii. 21 On a more sophisticated level of appreciation, there seems to be evidence for an evolution of intelligence from Homo faber, the tool-user, to Homo sapiens, the wise one.
▪ II. homo, n.2 and a.|ˈhəʊməʊ|
A colloq. abbrev. of homosexual a. and n.
A. n.
1929M. Lief Hangover vi. 100 Do you think Will Hays will let that play get by—with all those homos and everything? 1933C. Mackenzie Water on Brain iv. 44 There's a nasty old homo at the next table trying to catch your eye. 1967Listener 21 Sept. 381/2 Sally's breathless confession to Dr Dale about hubby being a homo must have caused many a benighted bigot's heart to stop. 1973A. S. Neill Neill! Neill! Orange Peel! (rev. ed.) ii. 216, I never had any symptoms of homosexuality but I wonder if some homos could date their condition to some early incident that made a girl, and subsequently all girls, taboo.
B. adj.
1933E. A. Robertson Ordinary Families xiii. 271 Round about six, fifteen and twenty are the recognized ‘homo’ ages in women. 1957F. King Man on Rock iv. 120 Sometimes they muttered to each other that he was ‘homo’.
Hence ˈhomoism (nonce-wd.), homosexuality; homosexual practices.
1949Wyndham Lewis Let. 3 Mar. (1963) 480 Homoism died down in the 'thirties, but is so prevalent now as to be the [word] among the student or intellectual young. |