| 释义 |
allyl Chem.|ˈælɪl|
[f. L. all(ium) garlic, onion + -yl = Gr. ὕλη substance.]
1. A monovalent hydro-carbon radical, C3H5, = CH3{b1}CH{b2}CH′, obtained in the free state as a very volatile liquid, with a pungent odour resembling that of horse-radish.
1854Pereira, Mat. Med. I. 225 Oils obtained from alliaceous and cruciferous plants..whose hypothetical radical is allyle. 1863Watts Dict. Chem. I. 140 Berthelot and De Luca in the same year [1857] isolated the radical allyl. 1870Tyndall Heat xv. §763. 528 The liquid here employed is the iodide of allyl.
2. attrib. as in allyl series, allyl compounds, allyl alcohol C3H5OH, di-allyl ether (C3H5)2O, allyl isothiocyanate (C3H5NCS), allyl oxalate, allyl sulphide (C3H5)2S, allyl sulphocyanide C3H5.S.CN, allyl-thio-urea (see thiosinamine), etc.; allyl plastic, resin, a plastic or synthetic resin made by polymerization of an allyl compound.
1863Watts Dict. Chem. (1879) I. 56 Acrolein..the aldehyde of the allyl series. 1869Roscoe Elem. Chem. 389 The allyl sulphide is remarkable as occurring in nature as the essential oil of garlic. In like manner allyl sulphocyanide is found as the essential oil of black mustard seed. 1884Roscoe & Schorlemmer Treat. Chem. III. 394 Allyl-thio-urea, CS.N2H3 (C3H5), was obtained in 1834... Will..proposed for it the name of thio-sinamine in place of that which had been hitherto used, namely mustard-oil ammonia. 1891Thorpe Dict. Appl. Chem. II. 626/2 The volatile oil, consisting of allyl isothiocyanate is formed from the brown mustard on addition of water. 1895Proc. Chem. Soc. 216 Iodine..acts similarly to bromine on allyl-thiourea. 1907Walker & Mott tr. Holleman's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (ed. 2) I. 323 The isothiocyanic esters are also called mustard-oils after allyl isothiocyanate, to which the odour and taste of mustard-seeds are due. 1911Encycl. Brit. XXVIIe 794/2 The most important derivative [of thiourea] pharmacologically is allyl-thiourea. 1943Mod. Plastics Nov. 96/2 The capacity for forming or drawing the new allyl plastics into curved windows is restricted..because of the absence of plastic flow. Ibid. June 102 (caption) Physical Properties of Cast Allyl Resins and Laminated Allyl Resins. Ibid. Nov. 96/1 The manner in which the Columbia allyl resins differ from..commercial plastics can be clarified..by indicating why the development of the new materials has appeared desirable. 1959Chambers's Encycl. X. 776/2 The Allyl Plastics. The allyl resins are among the newest plastic materials, and are based on allyl alcohol produced in the cracking of oil. |