| 释义 |
▪ I. hose, n.|həʊz|
Forms: sing. and collect. pl. 1 hosa, 3– hose; 3–6 hosse, 4–7 hoose, 5 hoyse, 5–6 Sc. hois, 6 hoys, Sc. hoss, hoiss, hoyss, hoess, howis, 6–8 hoase, 7 Sc. hoise, 8–9 erron. Sc. sing. ho. pl. α. 3– hosen, (5 hoosen, hausyn, hosin, 5–6 -yn, 6 -one, hozen); β. 4–7 hoses, (4 hoosis, 4–6 hosis, 5 hossys, 6 hosys).
[OE. hosa (? hose, hosu) = OHG. hosa (MDu., MLG., MHG., Ger. hose hose, trousers, Du. hoos stocking, water-hose), ON. hosa, Da. hose stocking; app.:—OTeut. *hosôn-. Of German origin are the Romanic forms, med.L. hosa, osa, OF. hose, heuse, It. uosa, OSp. huesa, OPg. osa, Pr. oza legging; Welsh and Corn. hos are from Eng.]
I.
1. a. An article of clothing for the leg; sometimes reaching down only to the ankle as a legging or gaiter, sometimes also covering the foot like a long stocking. † (α) sing. Obs.
a1100Ags. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 327/29 Caliga, uel ocrea, hosa. c1205Lay. 15216 Þat ælc nome a long sax & læiden bi his sconke wið inne his hose. c1477Caxton Jason 49 The firste man that he mette with an hose on that one foot and none on that other. 1483Cath. Angl. 189/2 An Hose (A. Hoyse), caliga, caligula. 1490Caxton Eneydos xxiv. 89 Dydo beynge ther present..with one fote bare and the other hosse on. 1573–80Baret Alv. H 664 An Hose, or nether stock, crurale. 1682N. O. Boileau's Lutrin iv. 218 One Chanon ran With one hose off, the other scarcely on.
(β) pl. hosen, arch. or dial.; hoses, obs. Sense as in γ.
a1225Ancr. R. 420 Ine sumer ȝe habbeð leaue uorto gon and sitten baruot; and hosen wiðuten uaumpez, and ligge ine ham hwoso likeð. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 8013 Is chanberlein him broȝte..Amorewe uor to werie a peire hosen [v. rr. hoses, hose] of say. c1300Havelok 860 Hauelok..Hauede neyþer hosen ne shon, Ne none kines oþe[r] wede. 1382Wyclif Acts xii. 9 Be thou gurd bifore, and do on thi hosis [Vulg. caligas]. c1386Chaucer Prol. 456 Hir hosen weren of fyn scarlet reed. c1400Mandeville 1839 v. 59 Oure lord seyde to Moyses, ‘Do of þin hosen and thi schon: for the place þat þou stondest on is lond holy and blessed’. c1460Fortescue Abs. & Lim. Mon. iii. (1885) 114 Thair hausyn beth of lyke caunuas, and passyn not thair kne, wher fore thai beth gartered and ther theis bare. 1530Palsgr. 232/2 Hosyn and shossys, chaussure. 1557North tr. Gueuara's Diall Pr. 190 b/1 Wearing their hosen very close. a1732Gay Past. (J.), Will she thy linen wash, or hosen darn? 1882Gd. Words 602 With their spruce knee-breeches, hosen and buckles.
(γ) collect. pl. hose. In mod. use = Stockings reaching to the knee. half-hose, short stockings or socks.
From hose (as if = hoes), a false sing. ho, stocking, is found in Sc.
1297[see β]. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) viii. 31 Þai putte off þaire hose and þaire schone. 1538Aberdeen Reg. V. 16 (Jam.) To pay him x sh. & the wtter part of a pair of hoyss. 1553T. Wilson Rhet. (1567) 82 b, Some..go with their hose out at heles. 1579Inv. R. Wardr. (1815) 282 Ten howis sewit with reid silk, grene silk and blak silk. 1591Shakes., Two Gent. ii. i. 83 Hee beeing in loue, could not see to garter his hose. 1660Acts Council Rutherglen in D. Ure Hist. Rutherglen (1793) 65 A paire of shooes and hoise. 1715Ramsay Christ's Kirk Gr. ii. xxi, Her left leg ho was flung. 1776–81Gibbon Decl. & F. lxv. (R.), The legs and feet were clothed in long hose and open sandals. 1807Hogg Mount. Bard 193 His shoon was four pound weight a-piece; On ilka leg a ho had he. 1851Illustr. Catal. Gt. Exhib. 588 Merino hose, half-hose, and socks. 1892Labour Commission Gloss. s.v., Wrought-hose, a very elastic class of hosiery made wholly upon a hand-machine.
fig.1670Eachard Cont. Clergy 59 We must put on the hose of faith.
b. pl. Coverings for the legs forming part of a suit of armour; greaves.
c1205Lay. 21136 His sconken he helede mid hosen of stele. 13..Guy Warw. (A.) 3851 Hosen of iren he haþ on drawe. c1380Sir Ferumb. 235 Wiþ is hosen of mayle he by-gon. c1440Partonope 1907 Armed wele Wyth hosyn of mayle made of stele.
c. one's heart in one's hose: see heart 54 a.
†2. Sometimes an article of clothing for the legs and loins, = breeches, drawers; esp. in phrase doublet and hose, as the typical male apparel.
a. Usually in pl., hosen, hoses, hose, also (with reference to its original divided state) a pair of hose.
c1460J. Russell Bk. Nurture 895–7 Then drawe on his sokkis & hosyn..Strike his hosyn vppewarde..Þen trusse ye them vp strayte to his plesure. Ibid. 961 His shon, sokkis, & hosyn to draw of be ye bolde. c1485Digby Myst. (1882) iii. 502 My dobelet and my hossys euer to⁓gether a-byde. 1535Coverdale Dan, iii. 21 So these men were bounde in their cotes, hosen, shues [1611 in their coates, their hosen, and their hats]. 1542Inv. R. Wardr. (1815) 93 Ane pair of hois of cramasy velvott, all the theis laid out with small frenyeis of gold. 1563–4Rolls Parlt. V. 505/2 Nor that eny of the same Servauntez nor Laborers..use or were eny close Hoses, nor eny Hoses wherof the peyre shall excede in price xiiii d. 1586B. Young tr. Guazzo's Civ. Conv. iv. 227 Not knowing how to put on a paire of hose, made his wife holde them with both her hands abroade, and then rising..in the bed, leapt downe into his breeches. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, ii. iv. 239 Falst. Their Points being broken. Poin. Downe fell his Hose. 1647Ward Simp. Cobler 36 They have carried away with them all that was in the pockets of their Holliday hose. 1650Fuller Pisgah iv. vi. II. 109 By hosen we understand not stockins, but breeches. [1849James Woodman xxiii, You have got a new coat and hosen, I see.]
†b. app. sometimes in sing. with same sense.
1465J. Paston in P. Lett. No. 526 II. 233, I have not an hole hose for to doon. 1560J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 134 A hart in a heelde hose, can neuer do weele.
†c. shipman's hose, wide trousers worn by sailors.
(Contrasted with the tight-fitting hose then worn.)
1553T. Wilson Rhet. (1567) 51 b, Not made as a shippe mannes hose, to serue for euery legge. 1565Jewel Def. Apol. (1611) 416 Hereunto they adde a similitude not very agreeable, how the Scriptures be like to a Nose of Wax, or a Shipmans Hose: how they may..serue all mens turns. a1625Boys Wks. (1629–30) 414 Making the Scriptures a shipmans hose to cover their own malitious humours.
II.
3. A flexible tube or pipe for the conveyance of water or other liquid to a place where it is wanted.
1495–7Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 229 Halff an Oxe hyde..spent abought makyng of hoses for the pompes of the seid ship. 1727Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Building, A Parish-Engine compleat, with Socket, Hose, and Leather-Pipe. 1748Anson's Voy. ii. iii. 141 The casks may be filled in the long-boat with an hose. 1788Chambers' Cycl., Hoase in Sea-Language, is a long flexible tube, formed of leather or tarred canvas..to conduct the fresh water..into the casks. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 272 That if any of the hoses burst, the water may not escape from the receiver at the nozle. 1854Hull Improvem. Act 36 Fire-plugs, hose and all necessary works..in case of fire. 1868Daily Tel. 28 July, If it were watered every evening by a hose.
4. A sheath or sheathing part; spec. the sheath inclosing the ear or straw of corn; the sheath or spathe of an Arum.
(In Halliwell, sheath is erron. printed sheaf, which is copied by other Dicts.)
a1450Fysshynge with an Angle (1883) 15 Thenne put your threde in at the hose twys or thries & lete it goo at eche tyme rounde abowte the yerde of your hoke. Thenne wete the hose & drawe it tyll that it be faste. 1495Trevisa's Barth. De P.R. xvii. clvii. (W. de W.) Stobble is properly that strawe wyth leues and hosen that is lefte in the felde after that repers haue repen the corn. 1578Lyte Dodoens iii. vii. 323 It [Arum] carieth a certayne long codde, huske, or hose. 1620Thomas' Lat. Dict., Folliculus,..the greene huskes or hose of wheate or any other graine being young, and beginning to spire. 1656[see hosed ppl. a. 3]. 1657W. Coles Adam in Eden xxxii. 65 (Arum) At the top..standeth a long hollow Hose or Husk, close at the bottom, but open from the middle upwards, ending in a point. 1744–50W. Ellis Mod. Husbandm. II. i. 2 The Honey-dews..will then..so close and glew up the tender Hose of the Ear, that the unripe Wheat-kernels cannot expand themselves. 1813J. Headrick Agric. Surv. Forfarsh. 299 The disease of smut..is found in the ears before they have burst from the hose or seed⁓leaves. a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Hose, the sheath or spathe of an ear of corn.
5. A socket. spec.
a. The socket of any metal tool (as a spade or rake) which receives the handle or shaft.
b. In a printing press of the old type: A square wooden frame inclosing part of the spindle and serving as a support for keeping the platen level.
1611Cotgr., Planche,..the Till of a Printers Presse, or the shelfe that compasseth the Hose. 1743Maxwell Sel. Trans. 96 (Jam.) With a hose or socket..made for holding of a pole or shaft; which being fixed into the hose, it may be thrust down into the earth. 1765Croker, etc. Dict. Arts II. s.v. Printing, At each corner of the hose, there is an iron-hook fastened with pack-thread to those at each corner of the platten.
c. Golf. The socket into which the shaft of an iron club is fitted.
1893H. Hutchinson Golfing 21 A method of obviating the trouble of occasionally hitting the ball on the hose of these short-faced clubs. 1953R. Harris Sixty Yrs. Golf iii. 37 The sand-track iron is a most formidable looking bludgeon... The hose or socket is 6½ inches.
†6. The bag at the lower end of a trawl-net or other fishing net: = cod n.1 5. Obs.
1630Order in Descr. Thames (1758) 72 The Hose not to exceed eleven feet in length, and in compass sixty Meishes. Ibid. 73 To have the Hose or Cod of his Net full Inch and half.
III. 7. attrib. and Comb., as (senses 1 and 2) hose-cloth, hose-factor, hose-garter, hose-heeler, hose-maker, hose-yarn; (sense 3) hose-carriage, hose-carrier, hose-cart, hose-coupling, hose-maker, hose-making, hose-man, hose-reel, hose-tender, hose-trough, hose-van; hose-bridge, -jumper, -protector, -shield, devices for the protection of firemen's hose lying across a street or road; hose company U.S., a company in charge of a fire-hose; hose-grass, a local name for Holcus lanatus; hose-hook, (a) a hook for raising the hose of a fire-engine; † (b) a hook by which the platen was attached to the hose (see sense 5 b); hose-husk, a husk resembling a hose or stocking; hose-pipe = hose n. 3; hence as v., to spray (as) with a hose; hose-ring (humorous) a fetter.
1829Massachusetts Laws XI. 237 If any person shall..damage..any Engine, *Hose Carriage{ddd}he shall be convicted. 1893Daily News 12 Jan. 5/5 The bodies were conveyed on two hose carriages, on each of which were twelve fire⁓men in their helmets and uniforms.
1894Westm. Gaz. 9 Oct. 5/2 As the *hose-carrier was crossing the market⁓place the wheels skidded and the carrier turned over.
1865Trans. Ill. Agric. Soc. VI. 320 A large amount of three-inch hose always ready on *hose carts. 1887Times 19 Sept. 7 The firemen had run out the telescopic escape and the hose-cart, and were on the scene. 1906Westm. Gaz. 27 July 6/2 Two new..fire-stations,..with a horsed-escape, a manual fire-escape, and a hose⁓cart.
1478W. Paston in P. Lett. No. 824 III. 237 Also I beseche yow to sende me a *hose clothe. 1543–4Old City Acc.-Bk. in Archæol. Jrnl. XLIII, Itm for iiij yards of hoose cloth.
1806Massachusetts Spy 21 May (Th.), The efforts of several *hose and fire companies at length prevailed. 1860O. W. Holmes Prof. Breakf.-t. iv. 106 More widely known through the Movamensing Hose-Company, and the Wistar parties. 1948Times-Picayune Mag. (New Orleans) 5 Dec. 21/2 The next and last contestant is Sound Point Protection Hose Company Number One!
1703Lond. Gaz. No. 3879/4 He..for many years was a *Hose-Factor in Freeman's-Yard. 1894Westm. Gaz. 10 Sept. 8/2 He [Defoe] did not consider himself a ‘hosier’, that is, one who stood behind the counter selling hosiery, but ‘a hose factor’—a warehouseman in a small way.
1563W. Fulke Meteors (1640) 30 b, Her *hose garters untyed.
1811W. Aiton Agric. Surv. Ayrsh. 287 (Jam.) *Hose-grass or York⁓shire fog (Holcus lanatus), is next to rye-grass the most valuable grass.
a1625Fletcher Martial Maid ii. i, Thou woollen-witted *hose-heeler.
1727–41Chambers Cycl., *Hose-Husk, in botany, a long round husk; as in pinks, julyflowers, &c.
1483Caxton Cato C ij, We reden of two *hosemakers. 1863P. Barry Dockyard Econ. 113 Twenty-third in order stand the hosemakers' shops.
18..Elect. Rev. (U.S.) XI. 2 (Cent.) The *hosemen managing the apparatus.
1835J. Martin Gaz. Virginia 139 The height of the reservoir, above these streets,..gives a jet of water by means of *hose pipes, of some 60 to 80 feet elevation. 1872Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 64 The water of seven or eight ordinary hose-pipes. 1884Pall Mall G. 15 Aug. 4/2 A friendly hand turned the hose-pipe upon them. 1928Daily Express 27 Sept. 8 A stream of the chief's choicest acid would be hosepiped his way. 1930R. Campbell Poems 17 With your fountainpen to spray the flowers, The hosepipe of your literary hours. 1940Flight 5 Dec. 468a/1 A stripped Lewis gun as used on trawlers and such-like ships for ‘hose-piping’ dive-bombers and low-fliers. 1948Partridge Dict. Forces' Slang 96 Hosepipe, to spray liquid fire from a flame-thrower. 1973J. Fleming You won't let me Finish xvii. 133 Around the cage were elephantine hose pipes to be used in case of emergency to protect the people at ground level.
1837W. Baddeley in Mech. Mag. XXVII. 34 A little invention which I have termed a *hose-reel.
c1530Hickscorner in Hazl. Dodsley I. 172, I will go give him these *hose rings.
1851J. S. Macaulay Field Fortif. 197 The *hose-troughs are small wooden tunnels, in which the powder-hose intended to communicate the fire to the charge is placed.
1581Act 23 Eliz. c. 9 §1 Wools,..Cottons, *Hose-Yarn.
▸ N. Amer. slang. The penis.
1928in A. W. Read Lexical Evid. Folk Epigraphy Western N. Amer. (1935) 59 So now kind friends remember before the water flows please ajust [sic] the distance according to your hose. 1947W. Guthrie in R. Shelton Born to Win (1965) 60 This hose, this dong, dick, this stick and rod and staff of birth. 1978L. Kramer Faggots 252 Think every name from every stage of your educational development!..gadget, hammer, hang-down, honker, hose [etc.]. 1999M. Foley Have Nice Day viii. 133 If my shorts housed a hose like Embry's, maybe I too would be prone to presenting my penis.
▪ II. hose, v.|həʊz|
Also 3 ose, 6 hoose, hoase.
[f. hose n.]
1. trans. To furnish or provide with hose.
c1300Havelok 971 Hwan he was cloþed, osed, and shod. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 29 Boþe i-hosed and i-schod. c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode ii. xxxii. (1869) 87 Thou wolt hose him, and take him noble robes. 1530Palsgr. 588/1 It costeth me monaye in the yere to hose and shoe my servauntes. 1599Thynne Animadv. (1875) 13 The name of Chaucer..(being frenche, in Englishe signyfyinge one who shueth or hooseth a manne). 1610W. Folkingham Art of Survey To Rdr., 3 shillings, which now will scarce hose a frugall Peasant. 1834Fraser's Mag. X. 416 The men degenerate shirted, cloaked, and hosed.
2. To water or drench with a hose. (hose n. 3.) Also with down. Also fig. and transf. and as n.
1889A. Brassey Last Voy. iv. 92 In the morning we go on deck at a very early hour... Then we are most of us hosed. 1898Westm. Gaz. 15 Feb. 11/3 All the..animals able to stand the application of water were repeatedly hosed. 1931E. E. Cummings Let. 7 Jan. (1969) 119 Precisely as a cannon exploded, searchlights hozed the environs. 1936[see baldy]. 1939H. Hodge Cab, Sir? ii. 15 A shirt-sleeved washer..is hosing down a late-night cab. 1947Book Nine (Caxton Press, N.Z.) 23 Treat him [sc. the patient] sweet, Floss. Hose him out and get him clean for us. 1961W. Vaughan-Thomas Anzio v. 86 SP guns, out on the right, hosed them with fire, but they pushed on resolutely. 1964C. Willock Enormous Zoo ix. 170 Roger Wheater hoses him with a blistering swathe of Swahili. 1969Gloss. Landscape Work (B.S.I.) v. 25 Hosing down, the application of water by means of a hose to clean down buildings or other surfaces; or as a daily routine to control pests, dirt and humidity. 1971Guardian 26 Aug. 22 Visitors to Piccadilly Circus, London, keeping out of the way of the regular hose-down.
▪ III. hose
see hoarse, halse, hause. |