| 释义 |
ˌupside ˈdown, adv., n., and a.
Forms: α. 4–5 up (5 upe, uppe) so doun (don, doune; 4 north. up swa doune), 4–6 up so down (5–6 downe). β. 4 upsa-, 5 opsadoun; 4–6 upsedoun (5 -done), 5–6 -downe. γ. 6 up set doune; up (uppe) set (sette) downe. δ. 6 upsyde downe, upside doune (downe), 6– upside down. ε. 6–7 vpsidown(e, 6 upsidowne, 6 upsy(e)downe, 6 (9) upsydown.
[Originally up so (northern swa) doun, frequently reduced to upsa-, upse-, and subsequently altered to upset and upside down, in the endeavour to make the phrase more intelligible. The use of so is peculiar, the only appropriate sense being that of ‘as if’ (so adv. 17 c), and the phrase has no parallel in the cognate languages. It is possible that up to doun, occurring in R. Glouc. 6831 (with up so doun as a later variant) may be the more original form.]
A. adv.
1. So that the upper part or surface becomes the under or lower. Freq. in phr. to turn upside down; also in pred. use = inverted, overturned.
α13..Seuyn Sages (W.) 788 The cradel and the child thai found Up so doun upon the ground. c1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 7230 Þarfor it es ryght and resoune, Þat þai be turned up-swa-doune. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 67 Hise iȝen in his heed weren turned vp so doun. c1440Pallad. on Husb. i. 275 The lond aboute a roote is to be moued Al vpsodoun. c1500Melusine v. 25 Raymondyn..wold haue smytte hym betwene the foure legges, For he leye vpsodounne the bely vpward. 1532G. Hervet Xenophon's Househ. (1534) 48 b, He also must..turne vp so downe and styr the grounde. 1538Elyot Dict., Procello,..to turn vp so downe.
β1382Wyclif Matt. xxi. 12 He turnyde vpsadoun [1388 vpsedoun] the bordis of chaungeris. c1400Brut i. 253 Wherwiþ þe gode man awoke..and turnede his body opsadoun. c1440Promp. Parv. 512/2 Upsedowne,..eversus, subversus. 1523Ld. Berners tr. Froiss. I. 356 He toke kyng Dampeter by the legge and turned hym vpsedowne.
γc1520Barclay Jugurth (1557) 18 Transuersed or turned vp set downe. 1532G. Hervet Xenophon's Househ. 55 Lyke this greke lettre, υ, turned vp set downe.
δc1490Liber Pluscardensis xi. xi. (Bodl. MS.), Iustice makis ryche bath realme & ceteys,..Quhar lak of law bryngis all this vp sid doun [v.r. vpsadon]. 1535Coverdale Judg. vii. 13 Whan it came to the tente, it..ouerthrew it, and turned it vpsyde downe. 1570Foxe A. & M. (ed. 2) 2307/2 The wagon also beyng cast vpsidedowne. 1600Pory tr. Leo's Africa iii. 155 Deepely deluing into the earth, they turne vpside downe the foundations of houses. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. v. 66 Every Fortnight..turn all the Barrels,..turn them upside down. 1706London & Wise Retir'd Gard'ner i. x. 289 Stick into the Ground a Stake.., put at Top of it a Mug upside down. c1791Encycl. Brit. (1797) VII. 374/1 Others think, that the waters of the sea..turned the whole surface of the earth upside down. 1841Mrs. Mozley Lost Brooch II. xxi. 154 They will come and search the house, and all our things will be turned upside down. 1889Jerome Three Men in Boat xv, We..decided that the bottom was the top, and set to work to fix it upside⁓down.
ε1569W. Hubbard Ceyx & Alcione A vij, The boisterous windes..our ship on Seas did tosse.., Vntill it was turnd upsidowne. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. vii. 4 In his lap a masse of coyne he told, And turned vpsidowne, to feede his eye. 1848Alb. Smith Chr. Tadpole xiv. 131 [The sand-glass] topples over upsy-down and runs back again.
2. fig. In, or into, a state of overthrow, reversal, or disorder. Chiefly with turn.
αc1327Pol. Songs (Camden) 335 Thus is the ordre of kniht turned up-so-doun. c1374Chaucer Boeth. v. pr. iii. 156 How fer fro þe soþe and how vp so doun is þis þing þat we seyn. 1390Gower Conf. I. 282 Al up so doun my joie it casteth. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 151 The wourld is tournyd almoost up so doun. a1450Knt. de la Tour vi. 9 Atte the yongest doughtres hous it was turned up-so-doun, and alle unthrifti. 1508Fisher 7 Penit. Ps. vi. Wks. (1876) 12 The wounde of a mannes conscyence..stereth vpsodowne the memory. 1559Mirr. Mag. B j, By reason kynge Richarde,..By synister aduyse, had tourned all vpsodowne.
β13..Minor Poems Vernon MS. lv. 103 For he may turne kuyndes vpsedoun, Þat alle kuyndes made of nouȝt. 1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 17064, I ha tournd the vp-se-doun..With my trouble and with my wo. 1450in 3rd Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. 279/2 Who but antichrist coude turne the treuthe upsedone? 1568Grafton Chron. II. 625 To chaunge all things, and tourne the world upsedowne.
γ1509Barclay Shyp of Folys 135 A foole..tournynge the lawes vp set downe By vyle rewardes. 1540Morysine Vives's Introd. Wysd. B iij b, Many [things]..have loste their ryghte estimation and are chaunged uppe sette downe. 1569J. Sandford tr. Agrippa's Van. Artes 89 They disquiet and turne the earth upset downe.
δ1535Coverdale Ps. cxlv[i]. 9 As for the waye of y⊇ vngodly, he turneth it vpsyde downe. 1579J. Knewstub Confut. Ep. Ded. *4 b, H. N. turneth religion vp side downe, and buildeth heauen heere vpon earth. 1627H. Lesly Serm. bef. Majesty 23 Our nature..must be turned up-side⁓downe, cast into a new mould. 1712Addison Spect. No. 305 ⁋15 These young Machiavils will, in a little time, turn their College upside-down with Plots and Stratagems. 1817Keatinge Trav. I. 33 The walls of this town exemplify to us..the world turned upside down. 1855Kingsley Westw. Ho! iv, Mr. Frank..would have..turned her poor little flighty brains upside down for ever. 1883Stevenson Treas. Isl. xxx, Why, your liver, man, is upside down. Did you take that medicine?
ε1549Latimer Fifth Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 137 Iosias..tourned al vpsydowne, he would suffer no Idolatrye to stand. 1579G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 73 Your delicacy would haply have delighted your self in overturning ye proverbe upsyedowne. 1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 19 By remaining full of French soldiers all things were turned vpsidowne. 1876Besant & Rice Gold. Butterfly II. 254 It's a story without an end, it's a story told upsy-down.
†B. n. An overturning. Obs.
1593G. Harvey Pierce's Super. 84 A fewe resolute Aphorismes; that..roundly determine all with an Vpsy-downe. No reformation without an Vpsy-downe.
C. adj. Turned upside down; inverted.
Written with hyphen (upside-down) or as one word.
1866G. Stephens Runic Mon. I. 84 Twisted runes, upside⁓down runes, and such like. 1882Besant All Sorts xxviii, The same upsydown, topsy-turvy, one-sided..perverseness. 1883W. S. Gilbert Foggerty's Fairy, etc. (1890) 238 She was..an industrious little girl, and, as far as I could judge by her upside-down reflection, neat in her dress.
Hence ˈupside-ˌdownism.
1861F. Metcalfe Oxonian in Iceland vii. (1867) 106 The Demons of Misrule and Upside-downism. |