| 释义 |
hyssop|ˈhɪsəp|
Forms: 1 (h)ysope, ysopo, 3–7 ysope, 4 ysoop, 4–6 ysop, 4–7 isope, 5–6 isop(pe, 6 hisop, hissope, 6–7 hys(s)ope, 7–9 hysop, 6– hyssop.
[ad. L. hyssōpus, hyssōpum, ad. Gr. ὕσσωπος, ὕσσωπον, app. an eastern word, being represented in Hebrew by ēzōb.
OE. had (h)ysope, weak fem., also ysopo indecl. or with ysopon in obl. cases. The ME. ysope, isope, are identical with the OFr. forms, and continued in use to c 1630; the spelling with h appears c 1550: cf. mod.F. hysope, hyssope.]
1. a. A small bushy aromatic herb of the genus Hyssopus (N.O. Labiatæ); spec. the common cultivated species H. officinalis, a native of Southern Europe, formerly much used medicinally, esp. in decoctions.
c1000Sax. Leechd. I. 254 Ᵹenim ðas ylcan wyrte & ysopan. Ibid. 374 Wið lungen adle, ᵹenim..ysopo. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. lxxxv. (Tollem. MS.), Ysop is a litel schorte herbe, and groweþ amonge stones, and..is hoot and drye in þe þridde gre. c1420Liber Cocorum (1862) 23 Take persole and sawge and ysope bryȝt. 1542Boorde Dyetary xx. (1870) 281 Isope clenseth viscus fleume. 1562Turner Herbal ii. 19 a, The brothe of Hysop. 1591Spenser Muiopot. 190 Sharpe Isope, good for greene wounds remedies. 1597Gerarde Herbal ii. clxvii. 463 There be diuers sortes of Hyssope. 1747Wesley Prim. Physic (1762) 48 Two or three sprigs of Hyssop. 1834Lytton Pompeii iv. iii, Water with myrrh and hyssop for the finishing lavation.
b. Extended with various qualifications to other plants of the Labiatæ and allied orders.
anise hyssop, Lophanthus anisatus. bastard hyssop, Teucrium Pseudo-hyssopus. giant hyssop, species of Lophanthus. hedge hyssop, species of Gratiola, esp. G. officinalis. water hyssop, Herpestis Monnieria. wild hyssop, Verbena hastata. (Miller, Plant-names.)
1597Gerarde Herbal ii. clxviii. 467 Hedge Hyssope is called in Latine Gratiola..Hedge Hissope is hot and drie of temperature. 1661J. Childrey Brit. Bacon. 10 Upon the Sea-cliffs in Cornwall grow wilde Hysope, Sage,..and other fragrant Herbs.
2. a. In Biblical translations and derived use: A plant, the twigs of which were used for sprinkling in Jewish rites; hence, a bunch of this plant used in ceremonial purification, and allusively.
Variously conjectured to be a species of Satureia, Marjoram (Origanum), or (with more probability) the Thorny Caper (Capparis spinosa).
c825Vesp. Psalter l. 9 [li. 7] Ðu onstriᵹdes mec mid ysopan and ic biom ᵹeclasnad. c1000ælfric Exod. xii. 22 Dippaþ ysopan sceaft on þam blode..and sprengaþ on þæt ofersleᵹe and on æᵹþer ᵹedyre. c1200Vices & Virtues (E.E.T.S.) 83 Spræng me mid tare ysope of ðare holi rode. 1382Wyclif Ps. l[i]. 7 Thou shal sprenge me, Lord, with isope, and I shal ben clensid. c1586C'tess Pembroke Ps. li. iv, With hisop, Lord, thy hisop purge me soe. 1856Stanley Sinai & Pal. i. (1858) 21 The caper plant, the bright green creeper which climbs out of the fissures of the rocks..has been identified..with the ‘hyssop’ or ‘ezob’ of Scripture.
b. Hence, A holy-water sprinkler; an aspergillum. (So med.L. hyssōpus.)
1838Prescott Ferd. & Is. (1846) II. xvii. 132 The mop, or hyssop, with which the Roman Catholic missionaries were wont to scatter the holy drops.
c. With reference to 1 Kings iv. 33, hyssop stands as the type of a lowly plant; whence used fig.
1382Wyclif 1 Kings iv. 33 And he [Solomon] disputide vpon the trees, fro the cedar that is in Liban, vnto the ysoop that goth out of the wal. 1450–1530Myrr. our Ladye 298 The hy ceder of the lybane is conformed to the ysop in oure vale. 1663Cowley Verses & Ess., Of myself (1669) 144 That violent Publick storm which..rooted up every Plant, even from the Princely Cedars to Me, the Hyssop. 1781Cowper Hope 287 Say, botanist, within whose province fall The cedar and the hyssop on the wall. 1878Browning Poets Croisic xx, Tasting how it feels to turn Cedar from hyssop-on-the-wall.
3. Applied in the western U.S. to species of Artemisia (A. arbuscula, tridentata, trifida), also called sage-bush or sage-brush, which grow on the dry prairies.
1807P. Gass Jrnl. 79 There is a great quantity of hysop in the vallies. 1812Brackenridge Views Louisiana (1814) 29 There are other places..producing nothing but hyssop and prickly pears. 1817J. Bradbury Trav. Amer. 116 A species of Artemisia, common on the prairies, and known to the hunters by the name of Hyssop.
4. Comb., as hyssop-bunch, hyssop-sprinkler, hyssop-water, hyssop-wine; hyssop-heavy, hyssop-laden adjs.
1579Langham Gard. Health (1633) 693 Ysope leaues stripped from the stalkes, may bee kept a yeare. 1601Holland Pliny I. 421 After the same sort is Hyssop wine made, to wit of three ounces..of Cilician Hyssope cast whole as it is into two gallons of Must, and so let them worke together. 1647Trapp Comm. Hebr. ix. 13 A hysop⁓bunch. a1867J. Hamilton Moses xvii. (1870) 272 Moses took a hyssop-sprinkler. 1881O. Wilde Poems 229 No need have we of hyssop-laden rod. 1899W. B. Yeats Wind among Reeds 52 The hyssop-heavy sponge, the flowers by Kidron stream.
Hence † hyˈssopic a. (see quot.).
1727–41Chambers Cycl., Hyssopic Art, a name which Paracelsus gave to chymistry, considered, as that art purifies metals, minerals, &c., in allusion to that text..‘Purge me with hyssop, and I shall be clean’. 1775in Ash. |