| 释义 |
vertebral, a. and n.|ˈvɜːtɪbrəl|
[ad. med. or mod.L. vertebrālis (= F. vertébral, Sp., Pg. vertebral, It. vertebrale), or f. prec. + -al1.]
A. adj.
1. Of or pertaining to, situated on or near, the vertebræ; spinal.
1681tr. Willis' Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Vertebral, belonging to the joynts of the back-bone. 1704Ray Creation ii. (ed. 4) 319 The carotid, vertebral and splenick Arteries are..variously contorted. 1737Bracken Farriery Impr. (1756) I. 83 The Carotidal and the Vertebral Arteries. 1771Encycl. Brit. I. 218 Of the Vertebral Muscles. 1831R. Knox Cloquet's Anat. 27 Vertebral Canal..extends along the whole length of the spine, following its various curvatures. 1840E. Wilson Anat. Vade M. (1842) 342 The Vertebral vein descends by the side of the vertebral artery. 1854Owen in Orr's Circ. Sci., Org. Nat. I. 197 The pleurapophyses or vertebral ribs in serpents. 1887Encycl. Brit. XXII. 111/2 A sort of bony canal in which runs the vertebral artery.
transf.1824Galt Rothelan i. i, The acts of..the Black Prince constitute the vertebral portion of his history.
b. Ent. ‘Situated on or noting the median line of the upper surface’ (Cent. Dict. 1891).
2. Composed of vertebræ; spinal. Freq. in vertebral column.
1822J. Flint Lett. Amer. 234 The vertebral column was completely pliant, her body..bent in every direction successively. 1847–9Todd's Cycl. Anat. IV. i. 632/1 Every lesser unit of the vertebral chain. 1877J. A. Allen Amer. Bison 449 The smaller size of the posterior part of the vertebral column in the American bison.
3. Of the nature of a vertebra.
1847–9Todd's Cycl. Anat. IV. i. 648 The vertebral pieces hold their own serial order, and thus we know them. Ibid. 670 These two iliac bones (c, c) are homologous..to the two vertebral laminæ of a.
b. Zool. (See quots.)
1877Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. 563 [In] the Ophiuridea,..each of these [quadrate axial] ossicles (which are sometimes termed vertebral) is surrounded by four plates. 1877F. Butler in Encycl. Brit. VII. 633 The deep ambulacral grooves which occupy the middle of the lower face of each ray [in star-fishes] are formed each by a series of plates, the vertebral ossicles.
4. Of animals: Having a spinal column; = vertebrate a. 1.
1816J. Scott Vis. Paris (ed. 5) 299 Cuvier, who was the first to divide animals into vertebral and invertebral. 1822–7Good Study Med. (1829) IV. 16 All the classes of vertebral animals possess the same number of senses as man. 1854H. Miller Sch. & Schm. xxi. (1860) 229/1 Under what peculiarities of form..vertebral life existed in the earlier ages of the world.
B. n.
1. A vertebral artery or vein.
1718J. Chamberlayne Relig. Philos. (1730) I. iii. §3 We here see the Jugular Veins, and the Vertebrals. 1755Dict. Arts & Sci. s.v. Medulla, The arteries and veins of the spinal marrow..are derived from the vertebrals of the neck, the intercostals, and the lumbar. 1880Barwell Aneurism 53 If we ligature the first part of the subclavian, ought we also to occlude the vertebral? 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 390 The arteries of the medulla oblongata..arise from the vertebrals.
2. A vertebrate animal. rare—0.
1828–32Webster, Vertebral, n., an animal of the class which have a back-bone.
3. One of the unpaired dorsal plates in the carapace of a turtle.
1883Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 456 Dermal Scutes [of Testudo pardalis]:—co, costals; v, vertebrals; m, marginals.
Hence ˈvertebrally adv.
1891Cent. Dict. s.v., Segmented vertebrally; vertebrally articulated ribs. |