| 释义 |
incision|ɪnˈsɪʒən|
Forms: 5 incisyon (inscicioun), 6 incysyon, (insicion, -yon, 6–7 inscision(e, 7 incission, inscition, inscission), 5– incision.
[a. F. incision (13–14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. incīsiōn-em, n. of action from incīdĕre to cut in, incide v.1 The 16–17th c. spelling in insc- arose from erroneously referring the word to L. scindĕre, scissum to divide, tear, cut: cf. abscision, abscission, and scissors (orig. cysours, cizars, F. ciseaux).]
1. The action of cutting into something; esp. into some part of the body in surgery.
1474Caxton Chesse 100 Instrumentis of yron and of siluer for to make incisions. 1547Boorde Brev. Health Pref. 4 That they [Surgeons] be circumspecte in insicyons. 1614W. B. Philosopher's Banquet (ed. 2) 2 That put the knife to inscition, or the sawe to abscition. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. ii. 111 We make a deep Incision in the Tree. 1794S. Williams Vermont 89 Nor can they be easily withdrawn without tearing the flesh, but by incision. 1846G. E. Day tr. Simon's Anim. Chem. II. 422 On making incisions into the warm flesh of an animal just killed, we obtain, by pressure, an acid fluid. 1875H. Walton Dis. Eye (ed. 3) 576 ‘Incision’ is suited when the iris will retract.
2. a. The effect of cutting into something; a division produced by cutting; a cut, gash.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 302 Þou schalt make þe inscicioun of þe veine þe more long. 1564–78W. Bullein Dial. agst. Pest. (1888) 47 Make the insicion long. 1609W. Biddulph in T. Lavender Trav. (1612) 10 Out of these incisions and cuts proceedeth the masticke by drops. 1795A. Anderson Brit. Emb. China xi. 133 The incision made from the top of the mountain to the surface of the road. 1879Stainer Music of Bible 83 An incision in the surface of the cane.
b. Bot. and Zool. A deep indentation or notch having the appearance of being produced by cutting, as in the margin of a leaf or of an insect's wing, etc.
1578Lyte Dodoens iii. lxiii. 404 The leaues be white, with great and deepe incisions and cuttes. 1875W. Houghton Sk. Brit. Ins. 84 The incisions between some of the segments are deep black. 1877F. G. Heath Fern W. 22 The incisions reach down to the rachis, or mid-rib, of the frond.
†3. Med. The loosening and removal of obstructive or viscid humours: cf. incide v.1 2. Obs.
1626Bacon Sylva §42 Abstertion..is plainely a Scouring off, or Incision of the more viscous Humours..And Cutting betweene them and the Part.
4. fig. Incisiveness, keenness of action or apprehension.
1862Trollope N. Amer. I. 303 The mind of the English⁓man has more imagination, but that of the American more incision. a1882J. S. Blackie (O.), The bards performed the function of public censors with sharp incision.
¶5. In 17th c. often erroneously used for insition, engrafting.
1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. 132 These acquisitions are as it were incisions or graffings. 1681J. Flavel Meth. Grace ii. 27 Implanted, or ingraffed by way of incision.
6. Geol. The cutting down and deepening of its channel by a river; a channel so made.
1906Bull. N.Y. State Mus. No. 92. 333 So relatively inconspicuous are the incisions in this upland, that..the sky line will appear a nearly level one. 1914Jrnl. Geol. XXII. 473 Lack of flats along the stream indicates that incision is still in progress. 1970R. J. Small Study of Landforms ii. 65 A change of climate, leading to..a condition of stream underloading, will be accompanied by incision of the rivers into these deposits.
7. attrib. and Comb., as incision operation; incision-knife, a knife for making surgical incisions.
1611Cotgr., Incisif, cutting, launcing, opening, incision-making. 1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 2 It is very..needfull for the Surgeon to have at the least two incision Knives. 1808Bentham Sc. Reform 29 The preservation of abuse..against the attacks of the probe, or the incision-knife. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 1131 During the seven years..121 incision-operations have been performed on hydatids within the great cavities of the body.
Hence † inˈcisioner Obs. nonce-wd., one who makes incisions, a surgeon.
1602W. Clowes Struma 33 A famous Incisioner and Licentiate Chirurgian of London. |