| 释义 |
included, ppl. a.|ɪnˈkluːdɪd|
[f. prec. + -ed1.]
a. Shut in, enclosed, contained, comprised.
1552Huloet, Included, inclusus. 1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iv. xiv. (1634) 637 marg., They [the Sacraments] work not by secret included force. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 416 The onely two of Mankinde, but in them The whole included Race. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Cupping, After the included air has been well heated. 1806Hutton Course Math. I. 275 If two Triangles have Two Sides and the Included Angle in the one, equal to Two Sides and the Included Angle in the other, the Triangles will be Identical, or equal in all respects. 1874Lyell Elem. Geol. xiii. 176 The quartzose sand and the included shells are most..[of] ochreous colour. 1884Tennyson Becket i. i, The included Danaë has escaped again Her tower.
b. Entom. Said of a clypeus or nasus, situated between two projecting portions of the supraclypeus or postnasus.
1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. IV. 313 Included, when the nose is included between the two sides of the Postnasus which run towards the upper lip.
c. Bot. Said of parts (esp. the style or stamens) which do not protrude beyond the corolla.
1847W. E. Steele Field Bot. 120 Pyrola minor. Stamens inflexed, equalling the straight, included style. 1880Gray Struct. Bot. (ed. 6) 416/1.
d. Linguistics. (See quot. 1933.)
1933L. Bloomfield Lang. xi. 170 When a linguistic form occurs as part of a larger form, it is said to be in included position; otherwise it is said to be in absolute position and to constitute a sentence. 1949E. A. Nida Morphol. (ed. 2) 76 Some morphemes occur in included position, either partial or complete. 1952C. C. Fries Struct. of Eng. xi. 253 These are the signals of ‘included’ sentences... In some sentences there are devices that signal the inclusion of two or more separate sentences within the structural pattern of a single free sentence unit. 1954Pei & Gaynor Dict. Ling. 98 Included position, the position had by a word, phrase or other linguistic form when it is part of a larger form and does not constitute a sentence in itself. 1962B. M. H. Strang Mod. Eng. Struct. v. 82 Linguistic structures may always be either..absolute or included.
e. Bot. included phloem, included sapwood (see quots.).
1933Tropical Woods XXXVI. 2 Included Phloem.—Phloem strands or layers included in the secondary xylem or certain dicotyledonous woods. (To replace Interxylary Phloem.) 1937Ibid. L. 11 Strands of included phloem usually isolated, but occasionally linked by parenchyma. 1969K. Esau Phloem 3 In some genera a third category of phloem is found, included phloem, which consists of strands or layers embedded in the secondary xylem.
1933Tropical Woods XXXVI. 3 Included Sapwood.—Masses or concentric zones included in the heartwood, which retain appearance and technical properties of sapwood. 1956F. W. Jane Struct. Wood x. 212 Sometimes, heartwood is formed irregularly and patches of pale coloured wood are enclosed within the heartwood, a feature referred to as included sapwood. |