| 释义 |
Vesuvian, a. and n.|vɪˈs(j)uːvɪən|
[f. Vesuvius; cf. G. vesuvian, F. vésuvien.]
A. adj. Of or pertaining to Vesuvius; esp. (a) like or resembling Vesuvius, or that of Vesuvius, in volcanic violence or power.
(a)1673R. Head Canting Acad. 11 The fury of this smoaking rage being..abated, and having pretty well drench'd their Vesuvian throats. 1809Campbell Gert. Wyom. iii. xx, Then looked they to the hills, where fire o'erhung The bandit groups in one Vesuvian glare. 1831Carlyle Sart. Res. ii. v, Such a fire..did actually burst⁓forth, with explosions more or less Vesuvian, in the inner man of Herr Diogenes. 1878Huxley in L. Huxley Life (1900) II. xxv. 432 The inflammation of the pudding was highly successful—in fact Vesuvian not to say ætnaic.
(b)1833Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 125 There is a tendency in almost all the Vesuvian dikes to divide into horizontal prisms. 1886A. Winchell Walks Geol. Field 87 History records a large number of Vesuvian eruptions. 1897Geikie Anc. Volcanoes Brit. li. II. 471 The three modern types of Vesuvian cones.
†b. Vesuvian salt, aphthitalite. Obs.
1813Smithson in Phil. Trans. CIII. 262 This Vesuvian salt..has presented no less than nine distinct species of matters.
B. n.
1. Min. A silicate of aluminium, lime, and iron, or other base, occurring massive but more freq. in square crystals of various colours, found originally in the ancient Vesuvian lavas; idocrase.
Named by Werner, the German mineralogist, in 1795.
1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) I. 285 Vesuvian, or white Garnet of Vesuvius. Found principally in the lava of Vesuvius. 1815Aikin Min. (ed. 2) 224 Vesuvian occurs crystallized in groups, or lining cavities, or massive. 1859R. Hunt Guide Mus. Pract. Geol. (ed. 2) 255 Idocrase was first observed in the ancient Vesuvian lavas, and thence it is called sometimes Vesuvian. It is a compound of silica, alumina, lime, and iron. 1879Rutley Study Rocks x. 142 Idocrase or Vesuvian is in its chemical composition closely allied to the lime-alumina garnets.
2. A kind of match or fusee, burning with a sputtering flame, used especially for lighting cigars or tobacco-pipes in the open air.
1853Pract. Mechanics Jrnl. VI. 147 One of Palmer's Vesuvians is a still more sure..way of igniting the fuze. 1862G. J. Whyte-Melville Inside Bar 348 Striving by the aid of a ‘Vesuvian’ to relight my cigar. 1886R. C. Leslie Sea-Painter's Log 103 Beyond a few vesuvians, they had nothing among them that would burn.
attrib.1879Man. Artillery Exerc. 175 A vesuvian matchbox. 1904‘E. Nesbit’ Phœnix & Carpet i. 4 They tried to light it with Vesuvian fusees. |