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India|ˈɪndɪə|
[a. L. India, a. Gr. Ἰνδία, f. Ἰνδός the (river) Indus, a. Pers. hind, OPers. (Achæmenian) hiñd'u, Zend heñdu, Skr. sindhu ‘river’, spec. the river Indus; hence the region of the Indus, the province Sindh; gradually extended by Persians and Greeks to all the country east of the Indus. OE. had India from L.; but the ME. form from Fr. was Ynde, Inde, Ind (cf. Afric), now archaic and poetic; the early 16th c. adaptation of L. was Indie, Indy (cf. Italy, Germany), of which the pl. Indies is still in use. The current use of India appears to date from the 16th c., and may partly reflect Spanish, or Portuguese usage.]
1. A large country or territory of southern Asia, lying east of the river Indus and south of the Himalaya mountains (in this restricted sense also called Hindustan: see Hindustani); also extended to include the region further east (Farther India or Further India), between this and China. See also East India.
c893K. ælfred Oros. i. i. §6 Ðæt sint India [Cott. MS. Indea] ᵹemæro..Indus seo ea be westan, and seo Reade Sæ be suþan..On Indea londe is xliiii þeoda. Ibid. §10 Of þæm beorᵹum þe man hæt Caucasus..þa þe be norþan India sindon. 1519Interl. Four Elem., This quarter is India minor And this quarter India maior The lande of prester Iohn. 1576Eden (title) Decade of Voyages. The Navigation and Voyages of Lewes Vertomanus..to the regions of Arabia..East India, both within and without the Ganges. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 452 Under the name of India, heere we comprehend all that Tract between Indus..on the West, unto China Eastward. 1663Butler Hud. i. ii. 283 He spoused in India, Of noble house, a lady gay. 1783Burke Sp. E. I. Bill Wks. IV. 7 If we are not able to contrive some method of governing India well. 1818Mill Brit. India (1826) V. 533 The same barefaced disregard of truth, which always characterized the natives of India.
†2. Formerly applied to America, or some parts of it: see quots., and cf. Indies, West Indies.
(Mostly reproducing Spanish or Portuguese usage.)
1553Eden (title) A treatyse of the newe India, with other new founde landes and Ilandes..after the descripcion of Sebastian Munster. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 451 The name of India, is now applied to all farre-distant Countries, not in the extreeme limits of Asia alone; but even to whole America, through the errour of Columbus..who..in the Westerne world, thought that they had met with Ophir, and the Indian Regions of the East. Ibid. 786 It [Chololla] was the Citie of most devotion in all India..Eight leagues from Chololla is the hill Popocatepec, or smoake-hill. 1760–72tr. Juan & Ulloa's Voy. S. Amer. (ed. 3) II. 243 An idea of the fertility of this country..a live beast..may be purchased for four dollars; a price vastly beneath that in any other part of India.
†3. pl. = Indies. Obs.
1523St. Papers Hen. VIII, VI. 193 Golde..browght hithir from the Indias. 1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, 125 By the labor..of us only Portyngales, the trade to the..Indias [was] fyrst sought and found. 1604T. Wright Passions vi. 333 In every place, as in the Indiaes..the vse of many seemeth to take away all abuse.
†4. Used allusively for a source of wealth. Obs.
1613J. May Declar. Est. Clothing i. 2 No kingdome whatsoeuer can speake so happily of this benefit [wool]..it may be rightly called, The English India.
5. Short for India silk, paper, etc.: see 6.
1712–13Steele Guardian No. 10 ⁋5 Celia, whose wrapping-gown is not right India. 1812H. & J. Smith Rej. Addr., Theatre 104 Where Spitalfields with real India vies. 1885Daily News 21 Dec. 4/4 This celebrated..plate, now ready for issue, signed, India remarque.
6. attrib. Belonging or relating to India, Indian; esp. in names of fabrics or other commodities imported from India, as India calico, India carpet, India cloth, India cotton, India cracker, India goods, India lake, India matting, India muslin, India satin, India shawl, India silk, etc.; also, of or belonging to the East India Company, or to the British Indian Empire or government, as India bonds, India stock, etc.; (East and West) India Docks, docks in East London, formerly appropriated to vessels trading with the East and West Indies; † India House, the office of the East India Company in London; India ink (see Indian ink); India Office, that department of the British Government which dealt with Indian affairs; India proof = India paper proof: see India paper 1; India red = Indian red (see Indian A. 4 a); India tag, a type of tag which is used to fasten papers together and consists of a cord with a small metal bar at either end; † India wood, a name for log-wood. See also India paper, rubber.
1751Smollett Per. Pic. I. i, His money, which he had laid out in Bank stock and *India bonds.
1805Times 7 Nov. 1/1 Stout *India calico, full ell-wide.
c1702C. Fiennes Journeys (1947) 346 A pladd bed lined with Indian callicoe and an *India carpet on the bed. 1931A. U. Dilley Oriental Rugs & Carpets Pl. 32 (caption) India Carpets of Seventeenth Century from the Palace of the Maharaja at Jaipur.
1817Raffles Java (1830) I. 243 The import and export of..*India cloths.
1881C. C. Harrison Woman's Handiwork iii. 176 Scarves of *India cotton worked in tarnished gold.
1779Phil. Trans. LXIX. 413 Those paper matches which the Chinese put into those little squibs, which go by the name of *India crackers.
1773Goldsm. Stoops to Conq. ii. i, Left me by my uncle, the *India director.
1837Penny Cycl. IX. 45 The East *India Docks..are situated at Blackwall, below the entrance to the West India Docks. 1848Dickens Dombey ix, Captain Cuttle lived..near the India Docks.
1837Lett. fr. Madras (1843) 95 So, *India-fashion, we took him in to do the best we could for him.
1712E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 363 Laden with rich *India Goods.
1794W. Woodfall (title) A Sketch of a Debate at the *India House. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits x. 165 Scandinavian Thor..sits down at a desk in the India House.
1658W. Sanderson Graphice 80 The Colour Crimson is most difficult to worke..therefore instead of that, use *India Lake or Russet.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *India-matting, grass or reed mats, made..from Papyrus corymbosus.
1885Daily News 21 Dec. 4/5 Tea and *India merchants.
1796M. Edgeworth Parent's Assistant (ed. 2) II. 167 Oh, Miss Eden, your beautiful *India muslin!—take care of the chimney sweeper. 1852E. Twisleton Let. 10 July (1928) ii. 27, I intend to appear in my India muslin. 1929D. H. Lawrence Pansies 39 A yard of India muslin is alive with Hindu life.
1869Bradshaw's Railway Manual XXI. 394 Government Director of the Indian Railway Companies, *India Office, Whitehall, S.W. 1880E. W. Hamilton Diary 24 Apr. (1972) I. 2 Cabinet-making has been going on all day... Lord Hartington [is to go] to the India office. 1885Daily News 22 Sept. 2/1 Industrious at the India Office.
1895Ibid. 26 Feb. 6/3 *India Pale Ale is so called because it was originally made solely with a view to the climate of the East Indies.
1732J. Peele Water-Colours 42 *India-Red..is helpful for a back Ground.
1822D. Wordsworth Jrnl. 23 Sept. (1941) II. 374 The ladies..wore gorgeously embroidered *India shawls. 1837Dickens Mudfog Papers (1880) 159 His view of the ladies within being obstructed by the India shawls.
1756B. Franklin Writings (1905) III. 294 When you incline to buy..*India silks. 1816Scott Antiq. III. vii. 142 His India silk handkerchief. 1881C. C. Harrison Woman's Handiwork i. 48 The India silks manufactured for Mr. Louis Tiffany, by a well-known firm in Connecticut, from cocoons imported by themselves.
1769(title) An Address to the Proprietors of *India Stock. 1809R. Langford Introd. Trade 57 India stock..is the capital of the East India Company, and is placed under the management of a Court of Directors. 1849Thackeray Pendennis II. vii, Three stars in India Stock to her name, begad!
1912List Articles Authorised to be Supplied by H.M.S.O., Tags, Treasury (Insertion), Tags, *India (cross-bar). 1963R. L. Collison Mod. Business Filing & Archives ii. 47 The documents are then secured to the file by what is known as a Treasury or India tag—i.e. a cord with a metal tag at each end.
1800Asiatic Ann. Reg., Hist. Ind. 2/1 Hence the mariners employed in the *India trade became confident in their skill.
1727–41Chambers Cycl., *India Wood..is taken out of the heart of a large tree growing plentifully in the isles of Jamaica, Campeche, &c.
▸ India pale ale n. a pale amber-coloured beer, with a higher than average alcohol and hop content, originally to help preserve the beer when exported to British colonies in the 19th cent.; abbreviated IPA; cf. East India pale ale n. at East India n. Additions.
1837Times 15 June 2/2 (advt.) Hodgson's *India pale ale. 1872Chambers's Encycl. I. 121/1 India pale ale differs chiefly in having a larger quantity of hops. 1995Texas Monthly Nov. 137/3 Pale ale or India pale ale—I.P.A. to beer culturalists—is amber-hued rather than pale and is similar to a bitter but smoother. |