| 释义 |
Vienna|vɪˈɛnə|
[The name of the capital of Austria.]
1. a. In various collocations, as Vienna blue, cobalt blue; Vienna caustic = Vienna paste; Vienna Circle [tr. G. Wiener Kreis], the name given to a group of empiricist philosophers, scientists, and mathematicians active in Vienna from the 1920s to 1938 who were chiefly concerned with methods of verifying statements, the formalization of language, the unification of science, and the elimination of metaphysics (cf. logical positivism s.v. logical a. 7); Vienna coup Bridge, the playing of the highest ranking card of a suit as a preparation for eventually forcing an opponent to discard winning cards; Vienna cross, a stitch used in fancy embroideries; Vienna green (see quot. 1852); Vienna paste, a paste made up of equal parts of caustic potash and quicklime; Vienna sausage, a small frankfurter made of pork, beef, or veal (cf. wienerwurst s.v. wiener a. 2); Vienna Secession = secession 3 d; Vienna steak, a flat rissole made of minced beef; Vienna white (see quot. 1861).
1835G. Field Chromatography 111 [Cobalt blue] has been called *Vienna blue, Paris blue, azure, and, very improperly, ultramarine.
1865G. B. Wood & Bache Dispensat. U.S. Amer. (ed. 12) 1279 This preparation is a grayish-white powder, sometimes called *Vienna caustic.
1934Philos. Rev. XLIII. 125 Last..one would mention the logical positivism of the *Vienna Circle. 1956J. O. Urmson Philos. Anal. vi. 100 The main attack on metaphysics as such came from philosophers whom we have not previously discussed, the Vienna Circle and their associates. 1973B. Magee Popper i. 11 The fashion prevailing..for his generation there and then was the logical positivism of the Vienna Circle.
1933Sunday Times 5 Feb. 5/1 The coup formerly only known as the ‘*Vienna Coup’, but now, more appropriately, also termed the ‘Squeeze’. 1959Reese & Dormer Bridge Player's Dict. 248 In technical terms, the Vienna Coup consists of the play of the top-ranking card of a suit so that a card of lower rank will be correctly positioned as a one-card threat in an automatic squeeze. 1974Country Life 5 Dec. 1811/3 This is the Vienna Coup, essential if a squeeze on East is planned.
1881C. C. Harrison Woman's Handiwork i. 23 *Vienna cross stitch..consists of two stitches crossing each other..exactly alike on both sides of the material. 1882Caulfeild & Saward Dict. Needlew. 188/1 Persian Cross stitch, a stitch..also called Vienna Cross.
1842Francis Dict. Arts, *Vienna Green, the same as Schweinford green; it is an arseniate of copper. 1852W. Gregory Handbk. Org. Chem. (ed. 3) 214 Schweinfurt or Vienna Green is a double salt, formed of acetate and arsenite of copper.
1867B. Hill Essentials of Bandaging 148 *Vienna paste, that is, equal parts of potassa fusa and quick lime worked into a paste with spirits of wine. 1886Buck's Handbk. Med. Sci. II. 5/2 To prevent its diffusion it is usually mixed with quicklime in what is known as Vienna Paste, or Potassa cum Calce.
1958Catal. County Stores, Taunton June 4 *Vienna Sausages—a tin 4/–. 1977New Yorker 27 June 64/3 A modest but welcome food cache—cornmeal, canned vegetables, Vienna sausage.
1964Lake & Maillard Dict. Mod. Painting (ed. 3) 182/2 Between 1898 and 1903, he [sc. Klimt] was president of the *Vienna Secession. 1971Guardian 19 Jan. 8/2 There stands in angular rectitude at the Vienna Secession Exhibition at the Royal Academy—a clock..by Adolf Loos.
1900A. N. Whybrow Day-by-Day Cookery Bk. 97 *Vienna steaks... Take 1½lbs. each of rather lean beef or veal, trim.., chop very finely, add..onion or shallot,..and 2 well beaten eggs... Form into steaks and fry in butter. 1951G. Greene End of Affair ii. iii. 71 Henry chose a Vienna steak... He..expected something like a Wiener Schnitzel.
1854*Vienna white [see Krems]. 1861Chambers's Encycl. II. 744 The Vienna white of artists is simply purified chalk.
b. The distinctive name of a grade of wheat-flour, and of certain forms of plain or fancy bread.
1845E. Acton Mod. Cookery xx. 545 This dish is sometimes called in England a Vienna cake; and..also.. a Gateaux de Bordeaux. 1879Warne's Model Cookery 603/2 Vienna Cake... Take a large round spongecake and cut it very carefully into thin slices [etc.]. 1889R. Wells Pastrycook & Confect. Guide 12 Vienna Bread. Take 12 lbs. of Vienna flour [etc.]. 1893― Mod. Pract. Bread Baker 50 Vienna Bread. This I claim to be our highest grade of white bread. Ibid. 52 Common Vienna Loaves. 1906365 Breads & Biscuits 61 Vienna Rolls..may stand half an hour before baking if desired.
c. Used attrib. and absol. to designate (items made of) a hard-paste porcelain, often richly decorated, manufactured at Vienna from 1719 to 1864.
1784H. Walpole Descr. Strawberry-Hill 9 A tea-pot and bason, six handle cups and saucers, with bottles in black, of Vienna china. 1875C. Schreiber Jrnl. 13 Feb. (1911) I. 352 A most interesting Vienna tea service. 1885Encycl. Brit. XIX. 640/1 Vienna porcelain..is greyish in tint; its paintings are very poor, and it depends for its effect chiefly on gilt-moulded scroll-work. 1900F. Litchfield Pott. & Porc. vii. 307 A..more tawdry description of Vienna china has been placed on the market... This would seem to have damaged the sale of the better class of modern Vienna. 1976Times 30 Mar. 19/3 {pstlg}3,850..for a Vienna teabowl and saucer decorated in schwarzlot and gold. 1980Radio Times 27 Sept. 14 (Advt.), Pair of Vienna porcelain vases and covers... Dark blue and cream.
2. as n. A Vienna sausage.
1963M. Levinson Taxi! xi. 132 The modern Jewish taxi-driver..doesn't mind..a plate of ham with his viennas, the traditional Jewish ‘hot dog’. 1971Sunday Times (Colour Suppl.) 27 June 50/2 Frankfurters and Viennas are the world's best-known boiling sausages. Made from a mixture of pork and veal and well smoked. Reheat for 10 minutes. |