| 释义 |
‖ infusoria, n. pl.|ɪnfjuːˈsɔərɪə|
[Neuter pl. (sc. animalcula) of mod.L. infūsōrius infusory; in Ger. infusorien, F. infusoires: the name animalcula infusoria was first used by Ledermuller of Nürnberg, 1760–63.]
A class of Protozoa, comprising ciliated, tentaculate, and flagellate animalcula, essentially unicellular, free-swimming, or sedentary; so called because found in infusions of decaying animal or vegetable matter.
Originally, as constituted by O.F. Müller, the Infusoria comprehended an assemblage of minute, usually microscopic, organisms, of many diverse kinds, including some now classed as vegetables, as the Diatomaceæ and the Desmidiaceæ. As now limited, the Infusoria are Protozoa characterized by a half-liquid endosarc, a firm cortical ectosarc, an outer membraneous cuticle, a mouth and anus, and a contractile vesicle which injects fluid. They were regarded by Huxley as a primary group in the animal kingdom.
[1765Wissberg (title) Observationes de Animalculis Infusoriis. (8vo Göttingen). 1786O. F. Müller (title) Animalcula Infusoria fluviatilia et marina (4to Havniæ et Leipzig).] 1787G. Adams Ess. Microsc. (1798) 416 The animalcula infusoria take their name from their being found in all kinds either of vegetable or animal infusions. 1798F. Kanmacher ibid. 428 note, Nor is the celerity of the various species of animalcula infusoria less deserving of admiration. 1819Pantologia, Infusoria, an order of the class vermes; consisting of minute, simple animalcules, seldom visible to the naked eye. 1832Lyell Princ. Geol. II. 12 Why are there still such multitudes of infusoria and polypes, or of confervæ and other cryptogamic plants? 1834A. Pritchard (title) A History of the Infusoria. 1845Darwin Voy. Nat. i. (1879) 5 Professor Ehrenberg finds that this dust consists in great part of infusoria with siliceous shields. 1880W. Saville-Kent (title) A Manual of the Infusoria, including a description of all known Flagellate, Ciliate, and Tentaculiferous Protozoa. |