| 释义 |
▪ I. vitiate, ppl. a. Now rare.|ˈvɪʃɪət|
Also 5–6 viciat(e, 6 vicyate, vycyat(e.
[ad. L. vitiāt-us (med.L. also viciāt-us), pa. pple. of vitiāre: see next.]
1. Vitiated, depraved, infected, spoiled:
a. In predicative use.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) IV. 427 Peple viciate and pollute, to whom hit was not lawefulle to offre. Ibid. V. 213 A man viciate of body scholde not receyve ordres. 1539Elyot Cast. Helthe i. (1541) 1 b, Fyre..is the clarifyer of other elementes if they be vicyate or out of theyr naturall temperaunce. 1545T. Raynalde Byrth Mankynde 79 Yf the matrice be perysshed or otherwyse viciate. 1737Bracken Farriery Impr. (1756) I. 14 The Blood is..vitiate or corrupt.
b. Const. by or with.
c1450tr. De Imitatione iii. lx. 140 Nature sliden & viciat by þe first man Adam þoruȝ synne. 1460J. Capgrave Chron. Ded. 1 For the elde bokes..thouȝ thei were mad ful treuly, ȝet be thei viciat be the writeres. 1533More 2nd Pt. Confut. Tindale ii. Wks. 636/2 The scripture adulterate and viciate with false gloses & wronge exposicions. 1572J. Bossewell Armorie iii. 7 Neyther with the sonne beame is viciate the sterre, Nor yet by the bearing of a sonne, the mother.
c. Used attributively.
1551Robinson tr. More's Utopia ii. (1895) 202 In their viciate and corrupt taste. 1665G. Harvey Advice agst. Plague 15 Add thereunto the vitiate disposition of the air. 1913A. Noyes Tales of Mermaid Tavern, Raleigh, He never stooped, Never once pandered to that vitiate hour.
†2. Sc. Law. Rendered null or void; interfered or tampered with. Obs.
1586in Dunfermline Regr. (Bann. Cl.) 449 Ye auld assumptioun of ye said thrid is vitiat be ye said commendatouris proper deidis. 1593Sc. Acts Parlt., Jas. VI (1816) IV. 25/2 As ony pairt of the rent of dumfermling now viciat salbe recoverit. 1678Sir G. Mackenzie Crim. Laws Scot. i. xxvii. §2. (1699) 135 It is said to be suspect, if..it appear vitiat by ocular inspection.
▪ II. vitiate, v.|ˈvɪʃɪeɪt|
Also 6–8 viciat(e, 7 vitiat, vitiatt.
[f. L. vitiāt- (med.L. also viciāt-), ppl. stem of vitiāre (whence It. viziare, Sp. and Pg. viciar, F. vicier), f. vitium vice n.1 Cf. prec.]
1. trans. To render incomplete, imperfect, or faulty; to impair or spoil.
1534More Treat. Passion Wks. 1303/1 Hym must we serue, though specially wyth the mynde (whych if it be not good, viciateth all together) yet..also wyth body and goodes and al. a1631Donne Serm., Matt. v. 16 (1640) 82 A superstitious end, or a seditious end vitiates the best worke. 1665Manley Grotius' Low C. Wars 453 Other Advices were prefer'd, which..do many times vitiate, if not ruine, the most noble and valiant Undertakings. 1678Barclay Apol. Quakers vii. §2. 197 This Doctrine of Justification hath been, and is greatly vitiated in the Church of Rome. 1711Addison Spect. No. 25 ⁋5 A continual Anxiety for Life vitiates all the Relishes of it, and casts a Gloom over the whole Face of Nature. 1738Warburton Div. Legat. I. 166 Time, which naturally and fatally viciates and depraves all things. 1794Hutton Philos. Light, etc. 124 It would only lead us into error, and thus vitiate the science or philosophy in which it were employed. 1808J. Haslam Observ. Madness & Mel. i. (1809) 31 It might be urged, that in these instances, the perception was vitiated. 1851Nichol Archit. Heav. (ed. 9) 60 Considering that a deviation from truth by the fraction of a hairbreadth, would vitiate the figure.
b. To corrupt (a) literary works or (b) language by carelessness, arbitrary changes, or the introduction of foreign elements.
(a)1659Bp. Walton Consid. Considered 198 The Septuagint..which we now have is the same for substance with that anciently used, though..by the injury of time, and frequent transcriptions vitiated. 1788Reid Aristotle's Logic i. §i. 5 There is reason to doubt whether what [works] are his be not much vitiated and interpolated.
(b)1690Temple Ess., Poetry Wks. 1720 I. 243 Where⁓ever the Roman Colonies had remained, and their Language had been generally spoken, the common People used that still, but vitiated with the base Allay of their Provincial Speech. 1742De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. (ed. 3) III. 4 It is observable, that the Normans could not well pronounce Lincoln, but vitiated it to Nichol. 1756Johnson Dict. Pref., Many barbarous terms and phrases, by which other dictionaries may vitiate the style, are rejected from this. 1790‘Cassandra’ (J. Bruckner) Crit. Tooke's Purley 55 Those who consider how much the language had been vitiated at the time they lived, by the importation of foreign words.
2. To render corrupt in morals; to deprave in respect of principles or conduct; to lower the moral standard of (persons).
1534More Treat. Passion Wks. 1311/2 We shulde note well and marke thereby, that the vice of a vicious personne, viciateth not the company or congregacion. 1658–9in Burton's Diary (1828) IV. 59 This will not vitiate persons, but your nature and your posterity. 1682Burnet Rights Princes Pref. 13 Mankind is not so vitiated with prejudice. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 177 ⁋12 The suppression of those habits with which I was vitiated. 1770Junius Lett. xxxvii. (1788) 199 If any part of the representative body be not chosen by the people, that part vitiates and corrupts the whole. 1853C. L. Brace Home Life Germany 258 In 1806, the army had become thoroughly vitiated by luxury. 1880E. Kirke Garfield 55 In short, he had only one fault, but that was radical, and in the end, vitiated the whole man. He was thoroughly selfish.
b. Similarly with impersonal objects.
1584R. Scot Discov. Witchcr. v. v. (1886) 80 He being a spirit, may with Gods leave and ordinance viciat and corrupt the spirit and will of man. 1598Marston Pygmal., Sat. ii, Many spots my mind doth vitiate. 1634Habington Castara Pref. (Arb.) 12, I encounter'd there..Innocencie,..not vitiated by conversation with the world. 1675Traherne Chr. Ethics 324 So doth one vice cherished and allowed corrupt and viciate all the vertues in the whole world. 1714R. Fiddes Pract. Disc. ii. 93 Sufferings vitiate the best tempers. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 172 ⁋2 Many vitiate their principles in the acquisition of riches. 1837H. Martineau Soc. Amer. III. 263 The encouragement of an amusement which does seem to be vitiated there. 1847Hamilton Rewards & Punishm. viii. (1853) 362 One sin of youth vitiates a protracted life. 1861Mill Utilit. i. 4 To what extent the moral beliefs of mankind have been vitiated..by the absence of any distinct recognition of an ultimate standard.
c. To pervert (the eye, taste, etc.), so as to lead to false judgements or preferences.
1806A. Hunter Culina (ed. 3) 120 Stomachs may be so far vitiated as to lose all relish for plain roast, or boiled meat. 1821Craig Lect. Drawing, etc. ii. 103 This practice has such a tendency to vitiate the eye and to mislead the mind. 1845McCulloch Taxation i. vi. (1852) 245 It had the mischievous effect of vitiating the public taste and stimulating the consumption of ardent spirits.
†3. To deflower or violate (a woman). Obs.
1547–50[see vitiating vbl. n.]. 1624Heywood Gunaik. i. 35 Till she returned into her owne naturall forme, in which he vitiated her, and of her begat Achilles. c1645Howell Lett. (1650) I. 49 This beutious Maid [Venice] hath bin often attempted to be vitiated. 1675Baxter Cath. Theol. i. 107 Being not..moved by him (as David to murder Urias, and to vitiate his wife). 1710Steele Tatler No. 198 ⁋8 He confessed his Marriage, and his placing his Companion on Purpose to vitiate his Wife. 1769Blackstone Comm. IV. 81 It was a felony and attended with a forfeiture of the fief, if the vasal vitiated the wife or daughter of his lord. 1791Burke Let. Member Nat. Assembly Wks. VI. 36 Pedagogues, who betray the most awful family trusts, and vitiate their female pupils.
4. To corrupt or spoil in respect of substance; to make bad, impure, or defective.
1572J. Jones Bathes Buckstone 15 For blood is the treasure of lyfe, not viciated. 1599Sandys Europæ Spec. (1632) 103 As a dead Flie doth vitiate a whole boxe of sweet oyntment. 1608Topsell Serpents 125 Euen as women in their monthly courses doe vitiat their looking-glasses. 1652L. S. People's Liberty iii. 6 As much water cannot so soon be viciated as a lesser quantity. 1674R. Godfrey Inj. & Ab. Physic 33 The very texture of his Stomach and other vital bowels was vitiated. 1759Mills tr. Duhamel's Husb. i. xvi. 93 Farmers distinguish the wheat thus vitiated by saying that it is blacked in the point. 1789W. Buchan Dom. Med. (1790) 465 When the saliva is vitiated,..the curing of the disorder is the cure of this symptom. 1863Geo. Eliot Romola xxxiv, The oncoming of a malady that has permanently vitiated the sight. 1882Med. Temp. Jrnl. No. 52. 177 As I shall endeavour to show you, it vitiates the blood.
b. esp. To render (air) impure and so inadequate for, or injurious to, life.
1715Desaguliers Fires Impr. 34 The ill Humours which go out of their Bodies..vitiate the Air more and more. 1793Beddoes Consump. 137 Only a very small portion of the air was vitiated, i.e. converted into fixed air. 1869E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 118 The impurity of the air vitiated by respiration. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 84 This gas would unduly accumulate, and..vitiate the entire bulk of the atmosphere.
5. To render of no effect; to invalidate either completely or in part; spec. to destroy or impair the legal effect or force of (a deed, etc.).
1621Sanderson Serm. I. 170 An earthly judge is subject to misprision, mis-information, partiality, corruption, and sundry infirmities that may vitiate his proceedings. 1726Ayliffe Parergon 104 A Transposition of the Order of the Sacramental Words, does, in some Mens Opinion, vitiate Baptism. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. 37 If all the absurd theories of lawyers and divines were to vitiate the objects in which they are conversant, we should have no law, and no religion left in the world. 1827Jarman Powell's Devises II. 21 If an undefined portion of a bequest is to be applied to a purpose void by the statute, it vitiates the whole. 1853Lytton My Novel xii. xxvii, I told them flatly..that, as Mr. Egerton's agent, I would allow no proceedings that might vitiate the election. 1883Law Rep. 11 Q.B. Div. 568 The plaintiff is engaged in carrying out the illegal objects of the association;..and this circumstance alone vitiates the contract for repayment.
b. To render (an argument, etc.) inconclusive or unsatisfactory.
1748Hartley Observ. Man i. iii. §i. 308 This will not vitiate the foregoing Conjectures. 1846Mill Logic i. v. §3 The theory of that intellectual process has been vitiated by the influence of these erroneous notions. 1866Herschel Fam. Lect. Sci. (1867) 73 His proof is vitiated by an enormous oversight: and the thing..is a physical impossibility. 1878Stewart & Tait Unseen Univ. ii. §84. 94 It is this eternity of atom which vitiates the hypothesis.
†6.
a. To adulterate. Obs.—1
1728Sheridan tr. Persius ii. (1739) 35 It was Luxury first made us vitiate our Oyl with Cassia.
†b. To alter feloniously. Obs.—1
1753Scots Mag. Aug. 420/1 And William Taylor, for vitiating a bank-note.
Hence ˈvitiating vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1547Hooper Declar. Christ & Office xii. L viij, The deathe of his chyldre, the conspyricie of Absolon, the uiciating of his wiues. a1550Leland Itin. (1769) V. 21 The Collegiate Chirch..was translatid to Aberguili for vitiating of a Maide. 1647Clarendon Contempl. Ps. Tracts (1727) 392 The yielding to every corrupt affection and passion is as great a vitiating and weakening of the mind. 1669Boyle Certain Physiol. Ess. (ed. 2) Absol. Rest Bodies 27 Finding its passage obstructed..by the vitiating of the Pores of the Glass. 1832J. S. Mill in Monthly Repos. VI. 658 After all which has been done to break down these vitiating, soul-debasing prejudices,..where are we now? 1858J. Martineau Stud. Chr. 275 A certain vitiating unsoundness of mind. 1859Geo. Eliot A. Bede xxix, No man can escape this vitiating effect of an offence against his own sentiment of right. |