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▪ I. institute, n.1|ˈɪnstɪtjuːt|
[ad. L. institūt-um purpose, design, plan, ordinance, instruction, precept; n. use of neut. of institūtus, pa. pple. of instituĕre to institute. Cf. F. institut (17th c. in Hatz-Darm.). In sense 3, corresp. to F. institute, -s, ad. late L. institūta pl., in sense of cl.L. institūtiōnes.]
†1. Purpose, design. Obs.
a1520Barclay Jugurth (ed. Pynson) 19 a, But nowe wyll I returne to myne institute & purpose concernyng the dyscriptyon of Affrike. 1528Roy Rede Me ii. (Arb.) 110 A vowe of folisshnes To accomplysshe Satans institute. a1670Hacket Abp. Williams i. (1692) 118 That which comes to the institute I handle.
2. a. Something instituted; an established law, custom, usage, or organization; an institution.
1546Langley Pol. Verg. de Invent. (c 1560) 95 It is a Godly Institute, and I would that there were mo suche ceremonies to help the pore. 1670Milton Hist. Eng. ii. Wks. (1847) 494/1 Teaching and promoting like a public father the institutes and customs of civil life. 1700Dryden Sigism. & Guisc. 518 This law, though custom now diverts the course, As Nature's Institute, is yet in force. 1787Glover Athenaid xxvi. 26 Greek institutes require The nearest kindred on the fun'ral stage The dead to lay. 1844Lingard Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) I. i. 31 Veneration for the monastic institute.
†b. The act of instituting; institution. Obs.
1641Milton Reform. i. ⁋2 Then was..water, sanctify'd by Christ's institute, thought little enough to wash off the original spot. 1657Divine Lover 37 In this contemplatiue way few or none hath appeared since their first institute aboue these hundred yeares.
3. A principle or element of instruction; usually in pl., a digest of the elements of a subject, esp. of jurisprudence. (So in F.) Cf. institution 5.
Institutes of Justinian (Institutiones Justiniani), an elementary treatise on Roman Law, compiled by order of the Emperor Justinian in 533 a.d., and intended as an introduction to the Pandects. It was based mainly on the Institutes of Gaius (Institutiones Gaii), compiled in the 2nd cent. a.d., long lost, but recovered in 1816. (The Byzantine Greeks explain ἰνστιτοῦτα by εἰσαγωγαί introductions.)
1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 112 Thou wilt not beat thy braines about the institutes of the Law. c1590Marlowe Faust. i. 31 Where is Justinian?.. A pretty case of paltry legacies!.. Such is the subject of the institute, And universal body of the law. 1656Blount Glossogr., Institute..a precept, preparing a way to some Art..As Justinians Book of Institutes. 1693Dryden Persius v. (1697) 475 Thou art pale, in mighty Studies grown, To make the Stoick Institutes thy own. 1787Jefferson Writ. (1859) II. 128, I have read your book..Its learning and its good sense will, I hope, make it an institute for our politicians. 1801B. Rush (title) Six Introductory Lectures to a Course of Lectures upon the Institutes and Practice of Medicine. 1816Scott Antiq. xxxv, I can amuse mysel' very weel with the larger copy of Erskine's Institutes. 1821Jefferson Autob. Writ. 1892 I. 58 To compose a new Institute like those of Justinian and Bracton, or that of Blackstone,..would be an arduous undertaking. 1886Syd. Soc. Lex., Institutes of medicine, the explanation or statement of the principles on which medicine is based, being the science called Physiology.
4. a. A society or organization instituted to promote some literary, scientific, artistic, professional, or educational object; also, the building in which the work of such a society is carried on. Freq. with qualifying epithet or as the designation of some particular society or class of societies, as Literary, Philosophical, Mechanics' Institute, or (without defining word) esp. as shortened form of Women's Institute. See also institution 7, which is used in the same way.
Apparently at first repr. F. institut, the name given to the institution (Institut National des Sciences et des Arts) created in France in 1795, to replace the old academies which had been suppressed at the Revolution; after various changes, this now consists of five academies, each devoted to the advancement of a particular branch of literature, science, or art. Thence applied in Great Britain to associations or institutions having somewhat similar aims (though none of them with the comprehensive character and organization of the French Institute); e.g. the Royal Institute of British Architects (founded 1834), Royal Archæological Institute (1843), Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours, Anthropological Institute, Iron and Steel Institute, Institute of Chartered Accountants, of Actuaries, etc., Royal Colonial Institute, Imperial Institute, etc. Also applied to local institutions for the advancement and dissemination of knowledge, by lectures, reading-rooms, libraries, educational classes, etc., as the Midland Institute, Birmingham, and the various Mechanics' Institutes, founded since 1820, Working Men's Institutes in villages, etc.
1829Censor 87 Lecturing for sixpence a head at the Mechanics' Institute. 1838Penny Cycl. XII. 497/2 Bonaparte..gave a new organization to the National Institute. 1839Ibid. XIV. 127/2 London..Societies and establishments connected with science, literature, and the arts... The Mechanics' Institute, in Southampton Buildings, established in 1823. 1851H. Martineau Hist. Peace (1877) III. v. v. 263 They established schools, institutes, lecture and reading rooms. 1889Harper's Mag. Mar. 501/1 The title of Member of the Institute is the highest distinction to which a Frenchman of culture can aspire; it is the crowning honour of his career. 1924Kipling Debits & Credits (1926) 116 She told me there was a whist-drive that afternoon at the Institute. 1939M. Spring Rice Working-Class Wives v. 111 A woman in another Essex village speaks of ‘work for the Institute’. 1959M. M. Kaye House of Shade vi. 74 She misses the Institute and the Girl Guides.
b. In U.S. (See quot.)
1890J. G. Fitch Notes Amer. Sch. & Training Coll. 90 By an ‘Institute’ is meant a sort of normal class, held periodically for the teachers of a district, and furnishing instruction in the art and practice of education, and an opportunity for the discussion of methods. Institutes are, in fact, migratory and occasional academies.
▪ II. ˈinstitute, n.2 Rom. and Sc. Law.
[ad. L. institūt-us (person) instituted (as heir).]
The person to whom an estate is first given in a testament or destination. (See quots.)
1681Stair Inst. Law Scot. iii. viii. §18 Substitution is the nomination of substituted heirs, who take place, failing the institute. 1754Erskine Princ. Law Scot. iii. viii. §8 The person first called in the tailzie, is the institute; the rest, the heirs of tailzie, or the substitutes. 1861W. Bell Dict. Law Scot. s.v., Where a person executing a settlement dispones his lands to A, whom failing, to B, &c., A is the institute, B, and all who follow him in the destination are heirs, or substitutes. 1880Muirhead Ulpian xxii. §33 Heirs are called..institutes, when their names are mentioned in the testament in the first place, substitutes when in the second or a subsequent place.
▪ III. † ˈinstitute, ppl. a. Obs.
Forms: 4–6 institut, 6–7 institute.
[a. AF. institut (Britton), ad. L. institūt-us, pa. pple. of instituĕre: see next.]
= instituted. a. as pa. pple.: see institute v.
c1325Poem Times Edw. II 67 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 326 Whan this newe parsoun is institut in his churche. c1400Apol. Loll. 51 So no þing be askid for personis of þe kirk to be browt in to þer segis, nor for presthed to be institut. 1502Ord. Crysten Men v. vi. (W. de W. 1506) 406 The lawes, yt haue ben instytute by the sapyence dyuyne. 1532–3Act 24 Hen. VIII, c. 12 §1 Oon Supreme heede and King..institute and furnysshed by the goodnes and sufferaunce of Almyghtie God with plenarie..power. 1671True Nonconf. G iij, The end, for which Deacons were first institute.
b. as ppl. a.
1668Howe Bless. Righteous (1825) 83 Though this image, in respect of corrupted nature, be supernatural; in respect of institute, and undefiled nature, it was..natural.
▪ IV. institute, v.|ˈɪnstɪtjuːt|
[f. L. institūt-, ppl. stem of instituĕre to set up, establish, found, appoint, ordain, begin, arrange, order, teach. f. in- (in-2) + statuĕre to set up, establish: see statute.
The pa. pple. institut(e (see prec.) was the earliest part of the vb. adopted, and continued to be used (also as pa. tense) long after the regular instituted was also current, being prob. felt to some extent as a shortened form of the latter: cf. the pa. pple. and pa. tense lit, set, put, etc.]
1. trans.
a. To set up, establish, found, ordain; to introduce, bring into use or practice.
1483Caxton Cato E v, Thus hath god Instytuted and ordeyned hit. 1530Palsgr. 591/2, I instytute, I ordayne a thynge to be done. 1538Starkey England i. iv. 110 Thys..was wel consyderyd of them wych fyrst instytute thys law of inherytaunce. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iv. xxix. 152 The famous games called Istmetiques, instituted by Theseus upon envie of those which Hercules had instituted in Olimpe. 1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. i. i. 8 Heere let vs breath, and haply institute A course of Learning, and ingenious studies. 1678Wanley Wond. Lit. World v. iii. §9. 474/1 Telesphorus a Grecian, instituted the Lent of seven weeks before Easter. 1732Berkeley Serm. to S.P.G. Wks. III. 238 This laudable Society, instituted for the Propagation of the Gospel. 1761Johnson Let. to Baretti 10 June in Boswell, The artists have instituted a yearly exhibition of pictures and statues. 1853J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. (1873) II. i. iii. 107 Honorius the Second instituted the order of Knight Templars to protect the pilgrims.
†b. To ordain that something shall be, or something to be. Obs.
1485Caxton Chas. Gt. 228 He..Instytuted that al the bysshops..shold..be subget to the bysshop of saynt Iames. 1538Starkey England i. iv. 136 Wych..was the purpos of the Romaynys, when they fyrst instytute al dyuyne seruyse to be rehersyd in that tong. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. iv. 230 He Jnstitute, that al thing sulde be done conforme to the rule of Justice. 1631Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 255 Siluester instituted, that..poore people should be prouided for.
†c. To order, arrange, put into form, frame. Obs.
1538Starkey England ii. ii. 187, I thynk hyt wyl neuer be possybul to instytute our commyn wele wythout thys ordynance brought to passe and put in effect. 1620T. Granger Div. Logike 2 The Proposite is the explication of the conceits, or meaning of the minde, instituted or framed according to sound reason. 1627Donne Serm. v. 47 Therefore does Hester form and institute her Prayer to God so—‘Give me boldnesse, O Lord of all power’. a1745Swift Maxims controlled in Irel. Wks. 1841 II. 77/1 Before you could institute them [the inhabitants] into a republic.
d. To set in operation, set on foot, initiate, ‘start’ (a search, inquiry, comparison, etc.).
a1797Burke Tracts Popery Laws ii. Wks. IX. 341 They may, at their discretion..break open houses, and institute such search at any hour of the day or night. 1821J. Q. Adams in C. Davies Metr. Syst. iii. (1871) 84 The results of this inquiry, newly instituted in Spain, have not yet been made known. 1873Max Müller Sc. Relig. 307 Mythological comparisons instituted by scholars.
2. To establish in an office, charge, or position; to appoint; now, only, to place in a spiritual charge; ‘to invest with the spiritual part of a benefice’. Const. to, into (in), or absol.
c1325,c1532–3[see institute ppl. a. a]. 1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. iii. xi. §11 When Timothy was instituted into that office. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, iv. i. 162 Cosin of Yorke, we institute your Grace To be our Regent in these parts of France. 1612Davies Why Ireland, etc. (1747) 18 To give laws unto a people, to institute magistrates and officers over them. 1639Sir H. Slingsby Diary (1836) 37 Mr. Rhodes was instituted upon a presentation from y⊇ Prebend. 1640Yorke Union Hon. 157 William Seymour..was instituted into the Earldome of Hartford, and Barony of Beauchamp. 1767Blackstone Comm. II. xviii. 277 If the bishop doth not collate his own clerk immediately to the living, and the patron presents..the bishop is bound to institute the patron's clerk. 1804–86Bk. Com. Prayer Episc. Ch. U.S., Instit. Ministers, We by these Presents..do institute you into said Parish, [or Church] possessed of full power to perform every Act of sacerdotal Function among the People of the same. 1858Masson Milton I. 155 Young..was instituted to the united vicarages of St. Peter and St. Mary.
b. Rom. Law. To appoint as heir or executor.
1590Swinburne Testaments 177 Who so is executor in the first degree, he is saide to be instituted. 1774S. Hallifax Anal. Rom. Civ. Law (1795) 38 By the new Law, as reformed by Justinian, all children..were to be instituted or disinherited by name. 1880Muirhead Ulpian xxii. §6 We cannot institute deities as our heirs. Ibid. §23 It is unnecessary either to institute or disinherit emancipated children.
†3. To ground or establish in principles; to train, educate, instruct. Obs.
1538Starkey England ii. ii. 189 Ther schold be wyse men among thys vthe [= youth] to instytute them in the summe of Chrystys Gospel. 1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. vii. 307 A painfull School master, that hath in hand To institute the flowr of all the Land. 1656Stanley Hist. Philos. viii. (1701) 320/2 Who is there, that being instituted in an honest Family, and ingenuously Educated, is not offended at dishonesty? 1741Middleton Cicero I. i. 48 [Sylla] having been carefully instituted..in all the learning of Greece and Rome. 1784in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1886) 193 Sunday Schools..having been found to be of..advantage to..the children admitted and instituted there. 1831Sir W. Hamilton Discuss., Eng. Univ. (1852) 396 To imbue his pupils with good principles, and institute them in approved authors.
Hence ˈinstituting vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1534More Treat. on Passion Wks. 1323/2 The instytutynge of that that shoulde be the newe Sacrifice. 1575–85Abp. Sandys Serm. (Parker Soc.) 242 The presenting, instituting, and inducting of pastors. 1643Milton Divorce i. ii, His own instituting words. |