| 释义 |
rehabilitation|ˌriːhəbɪlɪˈteɪʃən|
[ad. med.L. rehabilitātiōn-em: see prec. and -ation. In mod. use perh. partly after F. réhabilitation.]
1. a. The action of re-establishing (a person) in a former standing with respect to rank and legal rights († or church privileges); the result of such action; † also, a writ by which such restoration is made. (In early use chiefly Sc.)
1533–4Act 25 Hen. VIII, c. 21 §1 Relaxacions, writtes called Perinde valere, rehabilitacions, abolitions, and other infinite sortes of buls. 1572–3Reg. Privy Council Scot. II. 174 His Hienes rehabilitatioun to all and sindry thair landis..as in the same remissioun and rehabilitatioun at mair lenth is contenit. 1633Sc. Acts Chas. I (1814) V. 56/2 The letters of rehabilitatioun of francis Stewart sone to vmquhil francis sometyme Erle of Bothwell. a1639Spottiswood Hist. Ch. Scot. vi. (1677) 348 A Letter of rehabilitation, whereby he might stand in judgment and plead against his Forfeiture. 1696Phillips (ed. 5), Rehabilitation, an Act whereby the Pope or the King, by Dispensation, or Letters Patents, restores those that are grown low in the World. 1824Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. I. 212 His remission and rehabilitation under the Great Seal of Scotland was not obtained till April 18th, 1497. 1850Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) I. iii. 95 He pleaded the cause of his wife's brother,..and obtained his rehabilitation with that of other Marian exiles. 1875Poste Gaius i. §129 The status of his children is suspended by his right of retrospective rehabilitation, for on escape from captivity a man recovers all former rights.
b. Reinstatement (of a person) in any previous position or privilege.
1831Southey in Q. Rev. XLV. 173 Having resisted the rehabilitation of the king after his attempted flight. 1841Trench Parables (1860) 411 His rehabilitation in his baptismal privileges.
c. Re-establishment of a person's reputation; vindication of character.
1876Ch. Q. Rev. Jan. 337 We live in an age of rehabilitations; but the subjects selected to undergo that process [etc.]. 1879J. C. Morison Gibbon 160 A rehabilitation of Theodora is not a theme calculated to provoke enthusiasm.
2. a. The action of replacing a thing in, or restoring it to, a previous condition or status.
1858Spencer Ess. I. 198 Those who look sceptically on this attempted rehabilitation of the earliest epochs of mental development. 1861Temple Bar I. 411 The work of Appuleius is a sort of ‘rehabilitation’ of the story, with a religious turn given to it. 1973Detroit Legal News 30 Aug. 13/8 Owner or interested party who appeared verbally granted a period of two weeks in which to..secure a building permit, and to immediately begin rehabilitation.
b. Restoration to a higher moral state.
1868W. R. Greg Lit. & Soc. Judgm. (1869) 379 There are two opposite directions in which the improvement and rehabilitation of the Jamaica peasantry may be sought. 1873Pater Stud. Hist. Renaiss. ii. 29 That rehabilitation of human nature..which the Renaissance fulfils.
c. Restoration (of a disabled person, a criminal, etc.) to some degree of normal life by appropriate training. Cf. rehabilitate v. 3 b.
1940M. J. MacDonald in Hansard Commons 17 Oct. 867 There is one..aspect of the healing of the wounded—..which I should like to mention,..it is the secret of the maximum cure possible for the patient. It is the process known as rehabilitation. It is not sufficient that the wound should be healed; the wounded part of the patient must be enabled to function again so that he may once more play his part in society as a worker... I have appointed an adviser on rehabilitation. 1941Ann. Reg. 1940 150 The principal questions for expert study being the..rehabilitation of men disabled in the war. 1952Rehabilitation July (verso front cover). The British Council for Rehabilitation was founded in 1944... Rehabilitation was defined as ‘the whole range of services from the time of the onset of the individuals' disability to the point at which he is restored to normal activity or the nearest possible approach to it’. 1974Science 2 Aug. 423/2 People who are down on jails believe that the institutional setting is too dehumanizing for any meaningful rehabilitation to take place. 1979Internat. Rehabilit. Med. I. 73/1 Mair..defined rehabilitation as implying the restoration of patients to their fullest physical, mental and social capability.
d. The retraining of a person, or the restoration of industry, the economy, etc., after a war or a long period of military service.
1941New Statesman 15 Feb. 161/1 A military victory would be followed by the economic and democratic rehabilitation of France and Germany. 1941Times (weekly ed.) 30 July 16/2 The possession of these..assets will ease the task of the Allied Governments when the time comes for the rehabilitation of European finance after the war. 1946R.A.F. Jrnl. May 170 The career-finding agency..was inaugurated as one of the primary aids for rehabilitation of members. 1950N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. May 458/2 (heading) Rehabilitation of Ex-servicemen. Ibid., Land for the rehabilitation of returned servicemen has been..plentiful in Canada.
3. attrib., as rehabilitation area, rehabilitation camp, rehabilitation centre, rehabilitation counselling, rehabilitation grant, rehabilitation officer, rehabilitation programme, rehabilitation studies. Also rehabilitation medicine (see quot. 1971).
1977Detroit Free Press 11 Dec. 18-b/3 Improving city neighborhoods are excellent buys—especially rehabilitation areas where urban pioneers have turned the neighborhood around but buildings are still available at reasonable prices.
1967W. Soyinka Kongi's Harvest 31 All the prostitutes were sent off to a rehabilitation camp. 1978R. Ludlum Holcroft Covenant xx. 228 They were shocked beyond anything we can imagine when they learned about the ‘rehabilitation camps’. Auschwitz, Belsen—it blew their minds.
1944Ourselves in Wartime iii. 41 The Ministry of Labour..laid its plans for the rehabilitation of injured citizens. Men and women were trained at one of the Ministry of Labour's rehabilitation centres. 1967R. Rendell Wolf to Slaughter vi. 64 What d'you do..? Start screaming like an addict in a rehabilitation centre? 1977Wandsworth Borough News 16 Sept. 1/5 Government plans to erect a rehabilitation centre for 125 homeless men on the site of the old Battersea General Hospital.
1976Laurel (Montana) Outlook 9 June 13/4 Graduate students received 94 master of science degrees, with 46 being in education, 31 in special education, and 15 in rehabilitation counselling.
1956T. H. Raddall Wings 30 After I got my discharge from the army I took a forestry course at U.N.B., on my rehabilitation grant. 1969Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 6 Jan. 137 (heading) Rehabilitation medicine's challenge for the 1970's. 1971Lancet 27 Nov. 1207/2 A few years ago the University of New York announced that..they would no longer use the term ‘physical medicine’ in the context of rehabilitation but would replace it with the term ‘rehabilitation medicine’. Ibid., The following..relates to a World Congress to be held in Sydney, Australia, in August, 1972: ‘Rehabilitation Medicine is a special area of medical practice traditionally concerned with the problems of the severely disabled and with the task of restoring them to a place of independence and dignity in society.’ 1977Rehabilitation Jan.–Mar. 8/1 With the recent international tendency to use the term ‘Rehabilitation Medicine’ instead of ‘Physical Medicine’ and, therefore, bringing in sociological and psychological factors, the pressing need for coordinated post-graduate study became the Council's challenge. 1979Internat. Rehabilit. Med. I. 44/1 The ultimate goal is to establish rehabilitation medicine alongside diagnosis and treatments, as one of the three activities of all practising doctors.
1968Rehabilitation officer [see rehabilitate v. 3 b].
1950N.Y. Times 20 Apr. 1/2 President Truman approved..a bill authorizing an economic rehabilitation programme for the Navajo and Hopi Indian tribes. 1973Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 Mar. 687/3 (heading) Chair of rehabilitation studies. 1974Ibid. 15 June 622/1 Dr. Cairns Aitken, senior lecturer in the department of psychiatry, Edinburgh University, has been appointed to the newly founded chair of rehabilitation studies at that university.
So † rehaˈbility. Obs. rare—1.
1577Fulke Answ. True Christian 19 And so for all other offences, with dispensations, inhibitions, rehabilities, licences, relaxations, commutations, confirmation. |