| 释义 |
watchful, a.|ˈwɒtʃfʊl|
[f. watch n. + -ful.]
1. Wakeful, sleepless; accustomed to keeping awake. Of time: Passed in wakefulness. arch.
1548Udall etc. Erasm. Par. John xiv. 22–28 Of men obliuious he shal make you of good remembrance,..of sleapyshe sluggardes vigilant and watchefull. 1577Kendall Flowers Epigr. 44 Of the Peacok... Then Iuno took his [sc. Argus'] watchfull eyes, and brauely by and by, She plast them in my traine. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. i. i. 31 To be in loue; where..one fading moments mirth [is bought] With twenty watchfull, weary, tedious nights. 1594― Rich. III, v. iii. 115 To thee I do commend my watchfull soule, Ere I let fall the windowes of mine eyes. 1601― Jul. C. ii. i. 98 What watchfull Cares doe interpose themselues Betwixt your Eyes, and Night? 1640J. Gower Ovid's Festiv. i. 14 The cock by night to Nights black Queen they slay, Because his watchfull bill doth wake the day. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 395 Till the watchful Cock awakes the Day, She sings to drive the tedious Hours away. 1805Med. Jrnl. XIV. 274 To alleviate the fever and watchful nights, effervescing draughts..were administered. 1878J. P. Hopps Rel. & Moral Lect. xii. 38 Nearly all reformers..have had to spend watchful nights and laborious days.
2. Of persons or animals, their dispositions or faculties: Engaged in or accustomed to watching or close observation; vigilant.
1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 81 No more watchfull..in their campe, then if they were safely intrenched in an ale house. 1605Shakes. Macb. v. viii. 67 Our exil'd Friends..That fled the Snares of watchfull Tyranny. 1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. xi. xxvii, The watchfull'st sight no difference could descrie. 1664in Verney Mem. (1904) II. 212 A little yealping Dogg that were watchfull & angry were much more usefull to you. 1697Dryden æneis v. 585 His Hand, and watchful Eye keep even pace. 1711Steele Spect. No. 118 ⁋1 If it had not been for that watchful Animal her Confident. 1797Mrs. Radcliffe Italian i, They had remained watchful and still for a considerable time. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles iv. xii, The galley ploughs no more the sea. Lest, rounding wild Cantyre, they meet The southern foemen's watchful fleet. 1827Keble Chr. Yr., St. Barnabas ii, 'Twixt Prayer and watchful Love his heart dividing. 1882A. Edwardes Ball-room Repent. I. 76 With a watchful mamma and governess in chaperonage.
b. Const. about, against, for, of, over; also with inf. of purpose.
Cf. the constructions of watch v.; watchful of corresponds to the transitive constructions.
1621Quarles Hadassa v. E 3, But she was watchfull of her lips and wise, Disclosing not her kindred, or alyes. 1666Extr. St. P. rel. Friend iii. (1912) 259 They are very carefull and watchfull to finde out and prevent all disturbances of that kinde. 1718Free-thinker No. 60. 34 They grew watchful over their New Dominion. 1748Richardson Clarissa (1811) I. 244 We are to live on at this rate (are we?) vexed by you, and continually watchful about you. 1769Washington Let. to G. Mason 5 Apr., Writ. 1834 II. 352 Selfish, designing men,..watchful of every turn, that can assist their lucrative views. 1827Lytton Pelham ii, No one could be..more watchful to gratify others. 1899‘G. G.’ Winkles i. 16 Watchful for such casualties, Posh caught hold of him in an instant.
3. Of actions, care, etc.: Characterized by vigilance.
1582Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 69 Thee Greeks with custodye watchful, Warded thee towngats. 1609Holland Amm. Marcell. xxii. xv. 213 This beast..with most watch⁓full care looketh about him to see the coasts cleere and all at rest, and [etc.]. 1623J. Taylor (Water P.) Discov. by Sea B 3, God,..of his boundlesse bounty, immense power, and eternall eye of watchfull prouidence releeues, guards, and conserues him. 1796F. Burney Camilla IV. 302, I should..have claimed the continuance of..your watchful counsel. 1842Hawthorne Amer. Note-bks. (1868) II. 90 A hound, crouching down with head erect, as if keeping watchful guard while the master of the mansion was away. 1886Ruskin Præterita II. vi. 219 My really watchful delineation..had a quite unusual power of directing the attention of the general crowd to points of beauty..to which [etc.].
4. Of places, duties, employments: In which one must be on the watch. ? Obs.
1590Spenser F.Q. i. ix. 41 The souldier may not moue from watchfull sted. 1596Edw. III, iii. i. 63, I haue discride, my Lord, As I was busie in my watchfull charge, The proud Armado of king Edwards ships. 1703Rowe Fair Penit. i. i, That Country which he long had serv'd In watchful Councils, and in Winter Camps. 1831Scott Cast. Dang. viii, Twelve months' service, of a nature the most watchful and unpleasant.
Hence ˈwatchfully adv.
1538Elyot Dict., Vigilanter, watchefully, dylygently. 1579Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 269/2 He that preacheth must..indeuour to draw the whole flocke, to the obedience of God, to haue them walke in feare and humblenesse, and watchfully. 1660Boyle New Exp. Phys.-Mech. xvii. 116 If this Experiment were very watchfully try'd. 1752Warburton Serm. xi. Wks. 1788 V. 178 Amongst the various Societies of Christians, there are some, in which the holy Ordinances are more regularly administred..and Christian Liberty more watchfully protected. a1822Shelley On Future St. Pr. Wks. 1888 II. 181 Let us..watchfully establish a discrimination between words and thoughts. 1857Ruskin Pol. Econ. Art 10 Keeping your embroidery watchfully from the moth. 1870Dickens E. Drood viii, Neville has made his remark in a watchfully advancing, and yet furtive and shy manner. 1920Conquest Apr. 263/2 One of the fishermen rows the craft, the other hangs watchfully over the side. |