| 释义 |
▪ I. † ˈbourdon1, burdoun Obs. exc. Hist.
Forms: 3–6 burdon, 4–5, 9 bordon, -un, 4–6 burdoun(e, 7 bourdon.
[a. Fr. bourdon ‘pilgrim's staff’, Pr. and Sp. bordon, It. bordone, med.L. burdōn-em, identified by Du Cange and Diez with burdo mule (the name being transferred from the pilgrim's mule to his staff). Littré suggests connexion with bourde ‘pole used to support a grounded ship’, which he further refers to behourt lance; but here there seems some error.]
1. A pilgrim's staff.
a1300K. Horn 1092 Horn took burdon and scrippe. c1320Syr Beves 2063 Beues..gaf him is hors..For is bordon and is sklauin. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. vi. 8 He bar a bordun [1377 burdoun, 1393 bordon], I-bounde wiþ a brod lyste. 1413Lydg. Pylgr. Sowle i. i. (1859) 2 Caste doune thy scrippe and thy burdon. 1652Urquhart Jewel Wks. (1834) 230 With a palmer's coat upon him, a bourdon in his hand, and some few cockle shels stuck to his hat. 1849Rock Ch. Fathers II. vi. 199 [The Cathedral prior was suffered to use the silver bordon, which may..be called the prior's staff].
2. A stout staff; a club, a cudgel; sometimes app. a spear or spear-shaft.
c1325Pol. Songs 150 Beggares go with bordon and bagges. c1425Wyntoun Cron. viii. xxxviii. 56 Ilkane a gud Burdowne in hand. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 31/4 Helysee put hys bourdon in the water and anon the yron began to swymme. 1513Douglas æneis vii. ix. 69 Ane bowrdoune of ane lang styf tre, The poynt scharpyt and brynt ane lytill we. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 311 Mony burdoun vpoun basnot brak. 1550Lyndesay Sqr. Meldrum 445 Twa nobilmen of weir..And in their handis strang burdounis.
▪ II. bourdon2, burdoun|ˈbʊədɒn|
Also 4 bor-, burdoun, -don, 5 burdown.
[a. F. bourdon the continuous bass or ‘drone’ of the bagpipe, the bass string of a violin, etc., also a drone bee, = Sp. bordon, Pg. bordão, It. bordone, med.L. burdo drone: possibly an imitative word: cf. the Celtic stem durd-, dord-, noise, sound.
(A conjecture that the bass-pipe of an organ, or drone of a bag-pipe may have been so called from its resemblance to a staff, bourdon1, is not supported by the history.)]
†1. The low undersong or accompaniment, which was sung while the leading voice sang a melody.
For the continuation of this sense see burden, in which word it has been completely merged.
c1386Chaucer Prol. 673 This Somonour bar to hym a stif burdoun [v.r. bordoun], Was neuere trompe of half so greet a soun. ― Reeve's T. 245 His wyf bar him a burdon [v.r. burdoun], a ful strong. c1400Epiph. 1918 (Turnb. 1843) They yeve a full delectabull sond Bothe trebull and meyne and burdown. 1596Spenser Astroph., Aegl. 77 Wolues do howle and barke, And seem to beare a bourdon to their plaint.
2. a. A bass stop in an organ, usually of 16ft. tone; a similar stop in a harmonium; also the drone of a bagpipe. Also attrib., as in bourdon stop.
1861Musgrave By-Roads 55 A tone equal to the finest bourdon stop of a large church-organ. 1876M. Davies Unorth. Lond. 195 Others murmured them [prayers] in a low bourdon kind of voice. 1882Musical Times 1 Feb. 106 Organ for sale..Separate bourdon, pedals, couplers, composition pedals, etc.
b. Bell-ringing. (See quot. 1938.)
1927R. Church Dream, etc. 10 Loud peal and pæan, bourdon and burden Swinging, one voice, ringing ‘Rejoice’. 1938Oxf. Compan. Mus. 111/2 The lowest string of the lute and violin used to be called the bourdon, as is still the lowest bell in a ring of bells.
▪ III. bourdon
obs. form of burden n. |