| 释义 |
▪ I. weald|wiːld|
Forms: 1 weald, 3–4, 6 welde, 5 weeld, 5–6, 8 weld; 6–9 wild(e, wyld(e, 7 wile; 6 weylde, 6–7 weild(e, 7 wield, 6– weald.
[OE. weald ‘forest’ (the WS. equivalent of Anglian wald: see wold), normally developing into southern ME. wēld(e, weeld; the modern spelling, which is due to Lambarde, is a re-adoption of the OE. form. The form wild(e, which occurs early in the 16th c., is probably parallel to Kentish and Sussex dial. fild for field, but in later use was apparently assimilated in pronunciation to the more intelligible wild n., which had an appropriately descriptive meaning.
The OE. weald is applied in the Chronicle (see below) to the forest of Andred, which included at least part of the present ‘Weald’.]
1. (Now usu. with capital initial.) The name of the tract of country, formerly wooded, including the portions of Sussex, Kent, and Surrey which lie between the North and South Downs. Chiefly with the.
(a) O.E. Chron. an. 893, Se [Limene] muþa is on easteweardre Cent, æt þæs miclan wuda eastende þe we Andred hatað;..seo ea..lið ut of þæm wealda; on þa ea hi tuᵹon up hiora scipu oþ þone weald. [1018Charter of Cnut (Ord. Surv. Facs. III. No. xxxix) Quoddam siluulae nemus concedo famosa in silua Andredeswealde.] c1290St. Kenelm 52 in S. Eng. Leg. 346 Sethþe hadde þe kyng of westsex southsex also, Þe welde and al þe bischopriche of Cicestre þerto. [1357in Cal. Pat. Rolls, 31 Edw. III m. 17 (1909) X. 578 Towns and places within La Welde, co. Kent.] 1471Caxton Recuyell Pref. (Sommer) 4, I..was born & lerned myn englissh in kente in the weeld where I doubte not is spoken as brode and rude englissh as in ony place of englond. 1483Duke of Norfolk in Paston Lett. III. 308 The Kentysshmen be up in the weld, and sey they wol come and robbe the cite. 1523Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII, c. 6 The hundred of Cranebroke, in the wilde of your county of Kent. 1543–4Act 35 Hen. VIII, c. 17 §11 Townes parishes or places..within the weldes of the counties of Kent, Surrey and Sussex. 1558–9Act 1 Eliz. c. 15 §2 The Weilde of Kent. Ibid., In the Weylde of the Countye of Surreye. 1580Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 268, I was borne in the wylde of Kent. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, ii. i. 60. 1619 Dalton Country Justice xxvi. (1630) 72 In the highways within the Wields of Sussex Surrey or Kent. 1642Howell For. Trav. v. 61 The Wiles of Kent. 1662Act 14 Chas. II, c. 6 §17 Any Owner Farmer or Lessee of any Iron worke..within the Wildes of the Counties of Surrey Sussex or Kent. 1697De Foe Ess. Projects 109 That unpassable County of Sussex, which especially in some parts in the Wild, as they very properly call it,..hardly admits the Countrey People to Travel to Markets in Winter, [etc.]. 1778England's Gazetteer (ed. 2) s.v. Newdigate, Surry, The Wyld hereabouts is observed to bear excellent oats. 1801W. Huntington God Guardian of Poor 66 Being a native of the Wild of Kent, which is none of the most polite parts of the world.
(b)1570Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1576) 167 Nowe then we are come to the Weald of Kent, which (after the common opinion of men of our time) is conteined within very streight and narrowe limits, notwithstanding that in times paste, it was reputed of suche exceeding bignesse, that it was thought to extende into Sussex, Surrey, and Hamshyre. 1625Markham Inrichment Weald Kent 1 The Weald of Kent is the lower part of that Shire, lying on the South side thereof, and adioyneth to the Weald of Sussex, towards the West. 1787Phil. Trans. LXXVII. 190 The right hand stations occupy..the heights which extend across the Wealds. 1822W. D. Conybeare & Phillips Outl. Geol. 144 The Weald. This district may be generally described as stretching along the coast of the channel from Folkstone to Beachy Head, and thence extending westwards into the interior as far as the confines of Sussex and Hampshire. 1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) I. 196 There is a great deal of valuable timber and coppice-wood in Surrey, particularly in the weald... Turnpike roads good; but cross-roads, particularly in the weald, very indifferent. 1863Herschel Fam. Lect. Sci. Subj. i. §4 What has become of all that great bed of chalk which once covered all the weald of Kent? 1903Kipling Five Nations, Sussex 24 And through the gaps revealed Belt upon belt, the wooded, dim Blue goodness of the Weald.
2. A wooded district or an open country; a wold. Now only poet.
1544Bale Chron. Oldcastell 47 Manye fledde..into the welde of Scotlande, Walys, and Irelande. 1603S. Daniel To Lady Marg. C'tess Cumberland 8 What a faire seate hath he, from whence he may The boundlesse wastes, & weilds of man suruay. 1851Meredith Sunrise 18 Poet. Wks. (1912) 78 Glimmering fields, And wakening wealds. 1855Bailey Mystic etc. 83 Forest and upland frith, and the wide weald Hercynian, where the demon shadow stalks. 1859Tennyson Guinevere 127 But she to Almesbury Fled all night long by glimmering waste and weald.
3. attrib. and Comb., chiefly ‘of or pertaining to the Weald’; weald clay, the upper stratum of the Wealden formation immediately above the ‘Hastings sand’; also pl. with reference to the various subdivisions of this stratum; weald saurian = hylæosaurus; wealdsman, an inhabitant of the Weald.
1822W. D. Conybeare & Phillips Outl. Geol. 145 A second valley..occupied by the argillaceous beds which we have called the *Weald clay. 1878Chamb. Encycl. X. 114 The Hastings beds contain more sandstone and less clay than those of the upper Weald Clays.
1828P. I. Martin Geol. Mem. W. Sussex Advt. p. vi, The space thus comprised, has otherwise, in geological language, got the name of the ‘*Weald Denudation’.
Ibid. 40 *Weald Formation, or Wealden.
1869J. Timbs Ancestral Stories 164 The forest or *Weald Saurian (Hylæosaurus).
1928Daily Tel. 29 May 8/5 The flares signalled her triumph to the *wealdsmen of Sussex.
1828P. I. Martin Geol. Mem. W. Sussex 54 Although any considerable segment of the circle of the *weald valley may be taken as a specimen of the whole.
▪ II. weald
obs. form of wield. |