| 释义 |
jackanapes|ˈdʒækəneɪps|
Forms: α. 5 Iac Napes (Nape), Iack (Iake) Napys, 5–6 Iack napis, 6 Iacke Napes (napes), Iack-, iackenapes. β. 6 Iack(e a napes, (Iack of Napes), 7–8 Jack-a-napes; 7 Jack-a-nape. γ. 6–7 Iack(e) an apes (Apes), Iack(e)-an-apes (-Apes), (7 Jack and Apes); 7 Jack an Ape, Jack-an-Ape, 9 jack-an-ape, jackanape. δ. 6–7 Iack(e)-anapes, 7 jacanapes, jackanaps, jackinapse, 7– jackanapes; 7 Jackanape. pl. -apes, -apeses, († -aps's).
[Precise origin uncertain.
So far as yet found, the word appears first as an opprobrious nickname of William de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk (murdered 1450), whose badge was a clog and chain, such as was attached to a tame ape. Hence, in a poem of 1449 (see 2 a), in which other noblemen are denominated by their badges or heraldic emblems, as the Swan, fiery Cresset, Portcullis, Wheat-ear, etc., Suffolk is styled ‘the Ape-clogge’, and in somewhat later satirical invectives is referred to as an ape, and entitled Jack Napes; this being inferentially already a quasi-proper name for a tame ape, as it is seen to be in 1522. (The converse hypothesis, that Suffolk was for some other reason called ‘Jack Napes’, and that this nick-name was transferred from him to the ape, does not, on a review of the facts, seem probable.) But of Jack Nape or Napes, and its relation to an ape or apes, no certain explanation can be offered; it was perhaps, in its origin, merely a playful or whimsical name for a tame ape, and the n- might arise as in nunckle and neye (birds-nie, pigs-ney), or as in the by-names Ned, Noll, Nell, and the -s might be in imitation of the -s of surnames such as Jakkes, Hobbes, Symmes, etc., already in use, so that ‘Jack Napes’ parodied a human name and surname. If this was the standing of the name, it is easy to understand that it might never attain to literary use, till it became the nick-name of Suffolk. Be this as it may, the fact remains that Jack Napes is the earliest form, of which Jack-a-Napes, Jack of Napes (? Naples), Jack-an-ape, Jack-and-apes, are later perversions, app. attempts of ‘popular etymology’ to make the expression more intelligible. In accordance with this view, the original sense is here taken as ‘ape’, of which the use in 2 a is treated as a derived application, though it is in point of date the earliest use that has come down to us, and may possibly, with further evidence, have to stand first.]
1. Name for a tame ape or monkey.
†a. as the quasi-proper name of an ape. Obs.
1522Skelton Why not to Court 651 He grynnes and he gapis As it were iack napis. 1528Tindale Obed. Chr. Man 69 Noddinge, beckinge, and mowinge, as it were Iacke a napes. 1531― Exp. 1 John (1537) 23 He delyted in them, as we in y⊇ gestures of Iacke napes. 1546Bale Eng. Votaries i. (1560) 4 b, They mocke and mow at them like Iack a napes. 1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. ii. (1882) 54 Women that haue as much knowledg in phisick or surgery as hath Iackeanapes. 1592Warner Alb. Eng. vii. xxxvii. (1612) 184 Iacke Napes, forsooth, did chafe because I [the Owle] eate my salue the Bat. 1613W. Browne Sheph. Pipe Wks. 1869 II. 201 Some like him to a trimmed Asse And some to Iacke-an-Apes. 1674Camden's Rem. (1870) Proverbs 321 Can Jack an Ape be merry when his clog is at his heel?
b. as common noun: An ape, a monkey. arch.
1526Skelton Magnyf. 2124 To mockynge, to mowynge, lyke a iackenapes. 1577Breton Flourish on Fancie in Park Heliconia I. 21 A sight of asses then There stoode in battell ray, With iackeanapeses on their backes. 1589Marprel. Epit. B b, The Reader cannot chuse but haue as great delight therein, as a Iacke an Apes hath in a Whip. 1636Featly Clavis Myst. xxxviii. 575 A Jack an Ape, a cat, or some such contemptible creature. 1660Hickeringill Jamaica (1661) 81 Like fawning Curre, or mopping Jack-an-Ape. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 7 Some brought Jackanaps's, such green Ones as are commonly seen in England to be sold. 1740Chesterfield Lett. (1792) I. lxiv. 180 Dressing him out like a jackanapes, and giving him money to play the fool with.
arch.1828Scott F.M. Perth xii, Had I but a rebeck or a guitar at my back, and a jackanapes on my shoulder. 1886Stevenson Kidnapped xvii. (1888) 163, I could see him climbing like a jackanapes.
2. Applied to a person compared to an ape.
†a. as quasi-proper name, applied to the Duke of Suffolk (whose badge was an ape's clog and chain). Obs.
[c1449Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 222 The Rote is ded, the Swanne is goone, The firy Cressett hath lost his lyght;..The White Lioun is leyde to slepe Thorouȝ the envy of the Ape clogge (gloss. Southfolk).] 1450Ibid. 224 (Arrest Dk. Suffolk), Jack Napys, with his clogge Hath tiede Talbot oure gentille dogge. Wherfore Beamownt, that gentille rache. Hath brought Jack Napis in an eville cache... [God] save the kynge and God forbede That he suche apes any mo fede. Ibid. 232 (Death Dk. Suffolk), Jac Napes wolde one the see a maryner to ben, With his cloge and his cheyn, to seke more tresour... For Jac Napes [also For Jac Nape] soule Placebo and Dirige.
†b. as quasi-proper name of a man using the tricks, or displaying the qualities, of an ape. Obs.
1534Lett. & Pap. Hen. VIII (Rolls) VII. 39 As he played at cards with me..[he] said I played Jacke Napes with him. 1573G. Harvey Letter-Bk. (Camden) 120, I, quoth Iack a napes, by these ten bones, Nothinge happens amiss to a præparid minde. 1575–6Bp. Barnes Let. in Eccl. Proc. Bp. Barnes (Surtees) Pref. 10 Churlish people..who shew but, as the proverb is, Jack of Napes charity in their hearts. 1600O. E. Repl. Libel i. vii. 159 It was nothing else, but a loftie tricke of iacke an apes.
c. as common noun: One who is like an ape in tricks, airs, or behaviour; a ridiculous upstart; a pert, impertinent fellow, who assumes ridiculous airs; a coxcomb. (The current use.) Also, playfully, A pert forward child, a ‘monkey’.
c1555Harpsfield Divorce Hen. VIII (Camden) 291 This the Divell's Jackanapes made pastime to Lucifer. 1592Greene Upst. Courtier H j b, A iollie light timberd Iacke a Napes, in a sute of watchet Taffata. 1601Shakes. All's Well iii. v. 88 Hel. Which is he? Dia. That Iacke an-apes with scarfes. 1610Histrio-m. vi. 56 Now stands at every door a Iack and Apes, And tels me 'tis too late, his Lord hath din'd. a1654Selden Table-T. (Arb.) 96 They tell him he's a Jackanapes, a Rogue and a Rascal. 1709Tatler No. 86 ⁋3 Upon which the pert Jackanapes Nick. Doubt tipp'd me the Wink. 1748Chesterfield Lett. (1774) I. 349, I always put these pert jackanapeses out of countenance. 1820Scott Abbot iv, She hath favoured, doth favour, and will favour, this jackanapes. 1850Kingsley Alt. Locke iv, A whiskered Jackanapes, like that officer..set to command grey-headed men before he can command his own temper.
†3. Applied contemptuously to a crucifix. Obs.
1562Bullingham Let. in Foxe A. & M. (1583) 1935, I will rather have these knees pared of, then I will kneele to yonder Iacknapes.
4. Mining. ‘The small guide pulleys of a whim’ (Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining 1883).
†5. jackanapes on horseback: name for a proliferous variety of marigold, daisy, etc. in which additional flower-heads spring from the principal one; also for a monstrous variety of cowslip or oxlip in which the calycine segments are converted into leaves. Obs.
1597Gerarde Herbal ii. ccxliii. §7. 602 Calendula maior prolifera..This fruitfull or much bearing Marigolde, is..called of the vulgar sort of women Iacke an apes a horse backe. Ibid. cclx. §2. 635 Oxelip..whose flowers are curled and wrinckled after a most strange maner, which our women haue named, Iacke an apes on horsebacke. 1629Parkinson Paradisi v. 12 Double daisies..both white and red, both blush and speckled or party-coloured, besides that which is called Iacke-an Apes on Horsebacke. 1688R. Holme Armoury vii. 70/2 The Jack-an-Apes on Horse-back, or the fantastick Cowslip, hath the flower all green and jagged, like to a Juli flower.
6. attrib.
1598Shakes. Merry W. i. iv. 113 You, Iack 'Nape: giue-'a this Letter to Sir Hugh, by gar it is a shallenge..I will teach a scuruy Iack-a-nape Priest to meddle, or make. 1622Massinger & Dekker Virg. Mart. ii. i, All my fear is of that pink-an-eye jack-an-apes boy, her page. 1660Pepys Diary 5 July, This morning my brother Tom brought me my jackanapes coat with silver buttons. 1813M. Edgeworth Patron. (1832) I. iii. 44 The squire..declared that he would not be brow-beat by any..jackanapes colonel. 1881Besant & Rice Chapl. of Fleet ii. xvii, Any jackanapes lawyer..might think it fine thus to insult..a harmless nobleman.
Hence (nonce-wds.) ˈjackaˌnapery, action characteristic of a jackanapes; ˈjackaˌnapish, jackaˈnapsian adjs., having the character of a jackanapes.
1842Fraser's Mag. XXVI. 448 That monument of congenial jackanapery reared..in caricature of an Elizabethan mansion. 1880‘Vern. Lee’ Belcaro vi. 151 Calling in Offenbach or Lecocq to rewrite that air in true jackanapsian style. 1884J. Bull's Neighb. vii. 50 Go into a bureau de poste, and see how you will be insulted by the jackanapish officialism there. |