| 释义 |
‖ Reich|raɪç, raɪk|
Pl. Reiche.
[Ger., = kingdom, realm, state: see riche, rike.]
Chiefly during the period 1871–1945, the German state or commonwealth; also, one of a sequence of empires or régimes in Germany, esp. the Third Reich.
Apart from Third Reich, collocations with an ordinal are rare and do not constitute recognized English historical terminology.
1921Times 19 Jan. 11/2 All the States proclaim..their loyalty to the Reich. 1924Hansard Commons 16 Jan. 152 We have always pointed out that,..if any part of the German Reich wished to set up an autonomous area for itself, they must utilise their own constitutional machinery. 1933Times 15 Mar. 15/2 During the past week the Nazi steam-roller has passed over every one of the seventeen Federal States of the Reich. 1946Britannica Bk. of Year (U.S.) 341/2 Germany was deprived not only of all Hitler's annexations of territory, but also of all former German reich territory east of the Oder and western Neisse rivers. 1972F. Forsyth Odessa File ii. 46, I have commandeered this ship in the name of the Reich. 1973Nature 14 Sept. 107/2 A penetratingly sketched background of the fortunes and misfortunes of the Second and Third Reiche. Ibid., The Jews had been emancipated in Prussia in 1812 and..had come to occupy high places in the Second Reich. 1974J. White tr. Poulantzas's Fascism & Dictatorship vii. v. 338 The dismembering of the State apparatus was also expressed in contradictions between the central authority of the Reich and the provincial authorities. 1976New Yorker 8 Mar. 130/2 The villains here are a secret ‘Comrades Organization’ of ex-Nazis, who live in Brazil and hope to establish a Fourth Reich.
Also (f. the gen. sing.) ˈReichsbank [G. bank bank], the name of the central bank of the German Reich, 1875–1945; ˈReichsbanner [G. banner banner], a republican para-military organization in Germany from 1924 to 1933; ˈReichsmark [G. mark mark n.2], the monetary unit of the German Reich, replaced in 1948 by the Deutsche mark; ˈReichsˌmarschall, -ˌmarshall [Ger., in full Reichmarschall des Grossdeutschen Reiches Marshal of the Greater German Reich], a title bestowed on Hermann Göring (1893–1946) in 1940 by Adolf Hitler; ˈReichsrat (formerly -rath) (-raːt) [G. rat(h council: cf. Bundesrat], (a) the parliament of the Austrian part of the Habsburg Empire; (b) the council of the federated states of Germany between the end of the 1914–18 war and 1933; ˈReichswehr |-veːr| [G. wehr defence], the name of the German army between 1919 and 1935. See also Reichstag.
All usu. with capital initial in Eng. as in German.
1879Encycl. Brit. X. 466/1 The Imperial Bank (Reichsbank) ranks far above the others in importance. 1977New Yorker 3 Oct. 85/1 Nazi archives at the Reichsbank..yielded substantial data.
1924Times 6 Dec. 11/1 Some scattered organizations..were amalgamated to be the nucleus of a united Republican guard, known as the Reichsbanner Black–Red–Gold.., the ‘Great Germany’ idea being invariably pushed into the foreground at Reichsbanner demonstrations. 1935C. Isherwood Mr. Norris changes Trains viii. 130 The newspapers were full of death⁓bed photographs of rival martyrs, Nazi, Reichsbanner and Communist. 1964Listener 25 June 1038/2 The Reich authorities began..to condemn the Reichsbanner, an organization which existed solely to defend the Republic.
1874Anglo-Brazilian Times (Rio de Janeiro) 23 Dec. 5/3 The business on Hamburg has been done at 448 reis per reichsmark at 90 days and 454 reis for sight drafts. 1924Times 7 Nov. 11/6 The new banknotes of 10, 20, 50 and 100 Reichsmarks, which are part of the reformed and stabilized German currency..were exhibited at the Reichsbank this morning. 1978Time 3 July 8/1 The old reichsmarks of the Nazi regime had become worthless.
1940R.A.F. in Action 16 On the 20th May, 1940, the Reichsmarshal..was forced to promise that more guns would be provided immediately. 1976J. Wheeler-Bennett Friends, Enemies & Sovereigns ii. 36, I have always regretted that I was not present to see his defeat of Goering on that celebrated occasion when the Reichsmarschall had ‘made a monkey’ out of the chief American prosecutor, Robert Jackson, and David had deflated him.
1858New Amer. Cycl. II. 392/2 The council of state, or Reichsrath, composed of 12 members, is a body coördinate to the ministry, and communicating immediately with the emperor. 1905Spectator 11 Feb. 201 Meanwhile the Pan-German delegates in the Austrian Reichsrath are agitating for economic severance from Hungary and alliance with Germany. 1919German Constitution (H.M.S.O.) i. 11 A Reichsrat is formed for the representation of the German States in Federal legislation. 1943S. H. Thomson Czechoslovakia in European Hist. ix. 180 The Vienna Parliament (Reichsrat) which functioned as the legislative body for the Austrian half of the Empire. 1969E. Wall Europe Unification & Law iii. 72 Though the Reichsrat, representing the federated Länder, could object to a bill, the objection could be overridden by a two-thirds majority of the Reichstag or..by referendum.
1920Times 30 Oct. 9/3 He depicted the Reichswehr as mainly a Royalist institution. 1934Ann. Reg. 1933 182 A Heimwehr patrol [in Austria] shot dead a German Reichswehr soldier. 1976J. Wheeler-Bennett Friends, Enemies & Sovereigns iv. 100, I had had first-hand experience of the Seekt and Schleicher periods of the Reichswehr and of its brief honeymoon with Hitler which began to wane with the Night of the Long Knives in June 1934.
First sense in Dict. becomes 1; combinations become sense 2. Add: [2.] ˈReichschancellor, partial anglicization of Reichskanzler below; also Reich chancellor.
1933N.Y. Times 31 Jan. vi. 3/4 (heading) Hitler is named Reich Chancellor. 1954K. S. Pinson Mod. Germany viii. 160 There was no cabinet in the German Reich. There was one minister, the Reich chancellor. 1977E. Davidson Making of Adolf Hitler ix. 363 By naming Hitler as Reichschancellor, you have delivered up our holy Fatherland to one of the greatest demagogues of all time. 1981‘E. Trevor’ Damocles Sword ii. 9 Outside the Reichschancellory the massed crimson banners hung... The Reichschancellor was among his guests.
hence ˈReichschancellery, the building or premises occupied by the office of the Reichschancellor.
1975tr. Melchior's Sleeper Agent vii. 153 It seemed to him as if all the Bonzen—all the big shots—in Germany were hurrying through the bunker corridor deep under the Reichschancellery. 1980D. Grant Emerald Decision i. 10 Menschler spoke of the last days, when his Germany had gone up in flames with two bodies in the grounds of the Reichschancellery.
ˈReichsführer (SS) [Ger., ‘the Reich's leader (of the SS)’: see Führer n. and S.S. (= Schutzstaffel) s.v. S 4 a], a title bestowed on Heinrich Himmler (1900–45) in 1929 as commander of the S.S. (see also quot. 1934, applied loosely to Hitler).
1934Times 3 Aug. 12/1 Herr Hitler becomes in effect Reichsführer—Leader of the Reich— with more power over 66,000,000 Germans than the Hohenzollern Emperors. 1953W. Frischauer Himmler ii. 29 On 6 January 1929, he [sc. Hitler] issued an order which appointed Heinrich Himmler Reichsfuehrer (Reich leader) of the S.S. Black Guards. 1979J. Gardner Nostradamus Traitor v. 15 An official notification..was signed by Himmler as Reichsführer of the SS.
ˈReichskanzler [G. Kanzler chancellor n.], Prime Minister or Chancellor of the Reich, a title conferred on Hitler in 1933.
1934in Statesman's Year-bk. (1971) 939 The working constitution of Germany provides for a Reichskanzler who is the ‘Leader’ in all political activities in Germany. 1980R. Butler Blood-Red Sun at Noon (1981) ii. i. 128 Adolf Hitler had become Reichskanzler of Germany.
ˈReichsminister, a minister of the (Third) Reich; also Reich minister.
1934Times 1 May 16/2 It is announced to-night that Dr. Frick, the Reich Minister of the Interior, is to take over from to-morrow the Prussian Ministry of the Interior. 1971K. R. Stadler Austria vi. 187 Not until a year later was Seyss made Reich Minister. 1979J. Gardner Nostradamus Traitor v. 15 ‘Who told you all this?’..‘Fräulein Hildebrandt, the Reichsminister's secretary.’ 1987Washington Post 20 Dec. (Bk. World) 3/4 A working-class childhood friend of the brothers is..a Nazi stormtrooper and ultimately a Reichsminister. |