| 释义 |
complementation Linguistics.|ˌkɒmplɪmɛnˈteɪʃən|
[f. complement v. + -ation.]
Complementary distribution (see prec. A. 1 e).
1937M. Swadesh in Language XIII. 7 Complementation is one of the characteristics of positional variants. 1948E. A. Nida Ibid. XXIV. 422 The forms I and me generally occur in complementation: I occurs in preverbal subject position, me in postverbal object position and after prepositions. 1965R. D. Stevick in Eng. Studies Feb. 35 Neither of the potential patterns in which relatives þe and þat stood in normal complementation were ever realized.
Sense in Dict. becomes 1 b. Restrict Linguistics to sense in Dict. and add: [1.] a. Completion by the addition of a complement or of complementary matter; also, the fact or condition of constituting such completion, complementarity (esp. in phr. in complementation).
1931Economist 30 May 1151/1 The Commonwealth and State Savings Banks have already announced a 1 per cent reduction in their interest rates, conditional upon the complementation of the scheme. 1958Southern Reporter (U.S.) CII. 508/2 Such documentary evidence may be received in complementation of the pleadings to determine in limine whether plaintiff's cause of action is well founded.
2. a. The combining of complementary colours (see complementary a. 1 c). rare.
1934in Webster.
b. Genetics. The phenomenon by which a phenotypic character affected by two or more different mutations is displayed normally in a hybrid or heterokaryon containing both of them (taken as indicating that the mutations are on different, non-allelic, genes).
1958Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. XXIII. 137/1 Two cases have been described recently..in which mutants, each lacking a particular function, show partial manifestation of the function when combined in a heterocaryon... Each set of mutants is divisible into three groups, A, B, and C, on the basis of heterocaryon complementation. 1964D. Michie in G. H. Haggis et al. Introd. Molecular Biol. x. 269 The result of mixed infection is italicized in the table to emphasize that complementation does not here occur. 1984M. J. Taussig Processes in Path. & Microbiol. (ed. 2) vi. 733 The approach is to look for gene complementation, i.e. a situation in which fusion of two cancer cells produces a non-malignant hybrid. 1990EMBO Jrnl. IX. 3876/1 By genetic complementation analysis, we had previously shown that four genes..are necessary for normal production of the toxin.
c. The complementary action of two or more commercial enterprises, spec. an accord between a company and two or more governments to lower or eliminate duties mutually on items produced by that manufacturer in one or more of the signatory states, thus inducing further local investment by the company.
1979Facts on File 23 Feb. 133/2 Under the government's new ‘complementation scheme’, vehicle manufacturers would be allowed..to use export credits to meet 5{pcnt} of the local content requirement. 1979Financial Rev. (Austral.) 1 May 34 The recently announced government plans to permit import complementation by Australian car manufacturers. 1990Automotive News 23 Apr. (Insight section) 11 i/5 Renault has 10-liter engines we can use for our lower-horsepower ratings... This is where complementation between Renault and Mack starts to take effect.
3. Math. and Computing. [Prob. ad. F. complémentation (A. Tarski 1931, in Fundamenta Mathematicae XVII. 225).] The operation of finding the complement of a set, number, etc.
1946A. W. Burks in Moore School Lect. (1985) 92 By contrast, complementation in the nines system is easy, since every digit (except the sign digit) is treated the same, and since no carry-overs can occur. 1968E. T. Copson Metric Spaces i. 9 Let A, B, C be subsets of a given set E. Then the operations of union, intersection and complementation have the following properties: (a) A {union} A' = E, A {intsec} A' = ϕ.[Etc.]. 1982W. S. Hatcher Logical Found. Math. iii. 81 These are the usual laws governing the operations of union, intersection, and complementation. |