| 释义 |
▪ I. jolt, v.|dʒəʊlt|
Also 6–7 ioult.
[Etymology obscure: see Note below.]
†1. trans. To butt or push with the head, elbow, or other blunt part; to give a push or knock to; to nudge. Obs.
1611Cotgr., Coudéer, to iog or ioult with the elbow. Ibid., Tabuter, to ioult, butt, or push. 1778F. Burney Diary 18 June, I jolted Mr. Crisp, who, very much perplexed, said,..that it was a novel.
2. a. To shake up from one's seat or place with a sudden jerk or succession of jerks, esp. in locomotion; to carry or transport with jolts. (Chiefly in pass.)
1599[see jolting ppl. a.]. 1607Dekker & Webster Westw. Hoe ii. iii. D.'s Wks. 1873 II. 311 O fie vpont: a Coach? I cannot abide to be iolted. 1796Burke Regic. Peace iii. Wks. VIII. 268 We are yet to be jolted and rattled over the loose misplaced stones. 1851Illustr. Catal. Gt. Exhib. 247 Their object is to advance by steps as in walking, without jolting the carriage. 1877Black Green Past. xlvi. (1878) 370 We were once more jolted over the unmade roads.
b. To startle, to surprise. Cf. jolt n. 2 b.
1872‘Mark Twain’ Roughing It (1873) ii. 27 She would launch a slap at him that would have jolted a cow. 1875― in Atlantic Monthly Feb. 219, I said I didn't know. ‘Don't know?’ His manner jolted me. 1919H. Crane Let. 27 Dec. (1965) 28 Yes, the last word will jolt you. 1972Guardian 23 Dec. 17/2 Those mega-million pound takeover bids which jolt the City.
3. To move or throw (anything) up with a jerk; to force out in a jerky manner.
a1845Hood The Desert-Born 189 My scanty breath was jolted out with many a sudden groan. 1896Liberal Mag. Dec. 507 The contest between State-aid and Rate-aid ended in jolting the two up together in one scheme.
4. intr. Of a vehicle, etc.: To receive an abrupt and rough jerk in moving; to move along with a succession of jolts, as on an uneven road.
a1703Pomfret Last Epiph. Poems (1790) 138 The globe shall..backward jolt, distorted with the wound. 1750Johnson Rambler No. 34 ⁋6 He whipped his horses, the coach jolted again. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xiv. III. 430 Waggons laden with the sick jolted over the rugged pavement.
5. intr. Of a person: To ride with constant jolts.
1730Mrs. Delany Lett., to Mrs. A. Granville 266 Good⁓night; I have jolted all over the city, and am so tired I can only say I am..Yours, M.P. 1880Dixon Royal Windsor III. xxi. 210 To jolt along the road was painful.
6. intr. To move up and down or to and fro in a jerky manner.
1788F. Burney Let. to Mr. Twining 20 Jan., The shoulders..jolting up and down in the convulsions of a hoarse laugh. 1849H. Mayo Pop. Superst. (1851) 125 With head, limbs, and trunk twitching and jolting in every direction. [Note. The etymology of jolt vb. and n., and their derivatives, and of words apparently allied in form and sense, is, in the present state of the evidence, involved in obscurity and difficulty. Jolt-head is known in 1533; jolt-headed (in the form cholt-headed) in 1552; jolting pate, app. in the sense of jolt-head in 1579; while the simple vb. and n. jolt, are not known till 1599. But jot v.1, largely identical in sense with jolt, is quoted at least from 1530, and may be a century earlier. Sense 1 of jolt, both in n. and vb., has evident affinities with joll, jowl n.4, v.1, and perh. with jowl n.3; but the other senses of jolt vb. coincide with those of jot vb. Jolt has thus the appearance of an alteration of jot, influenced by jowl, and perh. by jolt-head, which latter is evidently related in some way to jowl n.4 or jowl n.3: the form cholt-headed esp. recalls the cholle form of the latter. (Cf. also the mod. dial. cholter-, chowter-headed = jolter-headed.) It has been suggested that jolt-head may have been a phonetic variant of *jolled- or *jowl'd head, and that jolt vb. was a back-formation from it, perh. through jolting pate: but this has obvious difficulties, phonetic and semantic. Further evidence may harmonize facts, which are at present somewhat contradictory.] ▪ II. jolt, n.|dʒəʊlt|
Also 7 ioult.
[See prec.]
†1. A knock (of the head, etc.) against something. Obs. rare.
1599Minsheu Sp. Dict., Coxorrón,..iolts of the head against the wall. 1618B. Holyday Juvenal ii. 22 He..Who Mars his shields, staid with close thong, oft bears With jolts and sweat.
2. a. An abrupt shock or jerk which throws a person (or thing) up, to fall again by his (or its) own weight; esp. one received by a moving vehicle, or by a person driving or riding on a rough road.
1632Sherwood Cotgr., The ioult of a coach in vneuen way. 1688Evelyn Diary 12 Feb., My daughter Evelyn going in the coach..a jolt (the doore being not fast shut) flung her quite out. 1763Wilkes Corr. (1805) II. 33 My wound has been a good deal fretted by the vile jolts through the rascally towns of Stroud, Rochester, Chatham, &c. 1876Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. ii. 135 A series of jolts and jars, proving that the language had run off the track.
b. fig. A surprise; a shock which disturbs one's mental composure.
1884‘Mark Twain’ Huck. Finn v. 30, I was scared now,..but in a minute I see I was mistaken. That is, after the first jolt,..he being so unexpected. 1905D. G. Phillips Plum Tree 3 I'd like to give him a jolt. 1924H. T. Lowe-Porter tr. Mann's Buddenbrooks I. vi. 208 Oh, no! I know they gave you a jolt yesterday—a very, very stimulating jolt.
c. A blow in boxing. Also in phr. to pass a jolt, to deliver a blow. Also fig.
1908S. E. White Riverman xvii. 160 Murphy blocked, ducked, and kept away, occasionally delivering a jolt as opportunity offered. 1912[see hay-maker 4]. 1916C. J. Dennis Songs Sentimental Bloke 124 Jolt, to pass a, to deliver a short, sharp blow. 1950J. Dempsey Championship Fighting vii. 26 Best of all the punches is the ‘stepping straight jolt’. 1954F. C. Avis Boxing Reference Dict. 60 Jolt, a kind of jab punch that brings up short an advancing opponent.
3. A jerky movement, an abrupt jerk.
1849H. Mayo Pop. Superst. (1851) 124 The exercise commonly began in the head, which would fly backwards and forwards, and from side to side, with a quick jolt.
4. a. A drink of liquor. slang (chiefly U.S.).
1904McClure's Mag. Mar. 560/2, I stopped at a blacksmith's shop..and had my arm dressed and a big jolt of whiskey. 1920F. Scott Fitzgerald This Side of Paradise (1921) ii. iv. 252 We'll take you to some secluded nook and give you a wee jolt of Bourbon. 1935G. Blunden No More Reality xxxiii. 344 ‘Take another jolt, sport,’ said Clarrie with a grin. 1957A. MacNab Bulls of Iberia xii. 125 ‘You've been drinking.’..‘I shoved in a couple of jolts on the way here.’ 1959T. Griffith Waist-High Culture (1960) 231 Jolts of whiskey or vodka. 1973R. Thomas If you can't be Good (1974) xvi. 145 She took two green plastic glasses... I poured a generous jolt into both of them.
b. A prison sentence. slang (orig. U.S.).
1912D. Lowrie My Life in Prison ii. 17 A professional ‘pete’ man had..returned exultingly to the jail with a six-year ‘jolt’. 1926J. Black You can't Win xv. 197 He was in good spirits and condition after ‘stopping his jolt’ in the stir and anxious to start ‘rooting’. 1928[see book n. 10 d]. 1936‘D. Hume’ Meet Dragon ix. 96 They are only too ready to turn King's evidence{ddd}you'd take a very stiff jolt.
c. = bang n.3; a quantity of a drug in the form of a cigarette, tablet, etc. slang (chiefly U.S.).
1916T. Burke Limehouse Nights 19 A little later he would take a jolt of opium at the place at the corner of Formosa Street. 1926J. Black You can't Win xii. 162 He wouldn't give us a jolt if we had the horrors... Given a sufficient quantity of hop, no fiend is ever at a loss for a sound reason for taking a jolt of it. 1929D. Hammett Dain Curse (1930) xxi. 233 You can take your jolt in front of me. I won't blush. 1955U.S. Senate Hearings (1956) VIII. 4164 Terms used in the traffic pertaining to the alkaloid morphine are as follows:..jolt,..a dose. 1970K. Platt Pushbutton Butterfly (1971) vi. 58 Her LSD cap would cost about two dollars and fifty cents for the jolt.
5. attrib. and Comb., as jolt ramming Founding, a method of packing the sand around a pattern in which the moulding box, pattern, and sand are repeatedly lifted by machine and allowed to fall; freq. attrib.; jolt-squeeze Founding, simultaneous or successive jolting of a moulding box and ‘squeezing’ of the sand in it (i.e. application of pressure at the top), as a means of packing the sand around a pattern; usu. attrib.
1909Iron Age LXXXIV. 1165/1 Today we have pneumatic jolt-ramming machines in successful service with lifting capacities from 10 to 15 tons. Ibid. 1165/2 How to adapt our foundry methods to this new principle of jolt-ramming green sand molds. 1926Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. CXIII. 568 The whole of the mould and core are rammed on a Mumford jolt ramming machine. 1950J. S. Campbell Casting & Forming Processes xii. 104 Jolt ramming packs the lower portions of the sand next to the pattern best.
1931Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. CXXIII. 602 (heading) A novel combination jolt-squeeze moulding machine. 1955Heine & Rosenthal Princ. Metal Casting iv. 53 Match-plate molding using jolt-squeeze machines is perhaps the simplest method of speeding up the molding of small castings. 1971W. B. Parkes Clay-Bonded Foundry Sand viii. 235 For most moulds, all that is needed is a simultaneous jolt-squeeze of a few seconds. |