| 释义 |
Josephson Physics.|ˈdʒəʊzɪfsən|
The name of Brian David Josephson (b. 1940), British physicist, used attrib. to denote an effect predicted by him in 1962, whereby an electric current (Josephson current) can flow from one superconducting metal to another with no potential difference between them if they are separated by a sufficiently thin layer of an insulator (owing to tunnelling by coherent pairs of electrons), the application of a potential difference causing the current to oscillate with a frequency equal to the voltage multiplied by 2e/h (e = the electronic charge, h = Planck's constant). So Josephson junction, a metal-insulator-metal junction exhibiting this effect.
1963Anderson & Rowell in Physical Rev. Lett. X. 231/1 There are..four experimental points suggesting that this is indeed the Josephson effect. 1966Physical Rev. CXLI. 366/2 The Josephson junction behaves as a parametric inductance element in which the voltage is proportional to the frequency. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. XIII. 301/2 If a very small voltage difference is maintained between the two sides of the barrier..the Josephson current should oscillate. Its frequency should be 4·836 × 1014 cycles per second per volt of potential difference. 1969J. E. Mercerau in R. D. Parks Superconductivity I. viii. 399 Such structures of two superconductors nearly in contact (weakly connected) are now called Josephson junctions... The device provides a unique opportunity to study the coupling of electromagnetic and quantum waves. 1972Physics Bull. Aug. 457/1 The Josephson effects have led to new types of galvanometer, magnetometer and computer memory elements, to new methods of harmonic mixing of two frequencies and of harmonic generation, and to simple oscillators. |