| 释义 |
▪ I. welt, n.1|wɛlt|
Forms: α. 5 walt, 6 walte; Sc. 6 wat, 6, 9 waut, 9 waat; north. dial. 9 wolt, wote, woat, waut. β. 5–6 weltte, welte, 6 wealte, 6– welt.
[Of obscure origin; the variation in the vowel suggests an OE. *wealt, with Anglian variant *walt.]
1. Shoemaking. A strip of leather placed between and sewn to the edge of the sole and the turned-in edge of the upper in soling a boot or shoe.
α14..Garlande's Dict. in Wright Voc. (1857) 125 Pictaciarii (clowtars) viles sunt, qui consuunt sotulares veteres, renovandopictacia (clowtys), et intercucia (waltys), et soleas, et inpedeas. 1500Ortus Vocab., Intercutium, anglice a walte of a shoghe. 1508Dunbar Flyting 213 Stra wispis hingis owt [of thy boots], quhair that the wattis [v.r. waltis] ar worne. 1899Leeds Merc. Suppl. 14 Oct. (E.D.D.) If tha doesn't mind, tha'll court thisen off o' t' walts.
βc1425Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 664/35 Hoc intercucium, weltte. c1440Promp. Parv. 521/1 Welte, of a schoo, incucium, vel intercucium. 1483Cath. Angl. 414/1 A Welte, intercucium. 1530Palsgr. 287/2 Welte of a shoe, oureleure. 1737Dyche & Pardon Dict., Welt, that Slip of Leather, or Part of a Shoe that joins and holds the Sole and upper Leather together. 1880Times 21 Sept. 4/4 To attach a narrow strip of flexible stout leather (the welt) to the outer edge of the upper, and the two to the insole. 1895Boot Mending & Making (ed. P. N. Hasluck) vi. 95 Whether the work is to be..left plain, which is called a ‘blind-welt’, or the stitch sunk, and the welt fudged to imitate stitching.
2. a. A narrow strip of material put on the edge of a garment, etc., as a border, binding, or hem; a frill, fringe, or trimming.
Frequently associated with guard (n. 11).
α1506Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. III. 115 Item, for ane waut of Rislis broun to it [a kirtle], iij s. 1804W. Tarras Poems 38 Gin onie chiel had coolie scaw't, Sic's groogl't crown, or raggit waut, Wad we na jeer't.
β1530Palsgr. 287/2 Welt of a garment, ourelet. 1547in Feuillerat Revels Edw. VI (1914) 9 One half having a border of black Letters & thother half having ij Rounde welttes of black vellett. 1582Breton Flourish Fancy etc. (Grosart) 15/1 Wherof good stoare of cloathe..in fashions may be spent: In gardes, in weltes, and iagges. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. vii. iv. §3. 202 Their Cassockes were..of linnen, trimmed and set out with very broad Gards or Welts. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 355 A Scarlet Cloak, edg'd with a Welt, Was thrown him o're. 1748Earthquake Peru i. 63 Their Habit is grey, with a purple Welt. 1820Scott Monast. xxix, The unction with which he dilated upon welts, laces, slashes, and trimmings. 1831Carlyle Sart. Res. i. vii, Welts, a handbreadth thick,..waver round them by way of hem. 1894J. Davidson Ballads & Songs 113 Maid Marian's kirtle, somewhat old, A welt of red must now enhance. 1903Times 8 Sept. 10/4 Very particular attention is devoted..to the welts on the undress overalls. Some Fusilier battalions substitute a narrow stripe stitched on in place of the orthodox welt.
fig.a1637B. Jonson Discov. (1641) 91 There are certaine Scioli..that are busie in the skirts..of Learning... They may have some edging, or trimming of a Scholler, a welt, or so: but it is no more.
†b. Phrase. without welt or guard: without ornamentation or trimming. Obs.
1592Greene Upst. Courtier B 3 b, I sawe they were a plaine payre of Cloth breeches, without eyther welt or garde. 1631E. Jorden Nat. Bathes Ded. (1669) 4 A plain sute of our Country Cloath; without welt or gard. 1679Hist. Jetzer 36 He was cloath'd in a close Coat of coarse cloth, without welt or guard.
†c. fig. (Also without welt or cover.)
c1590Greene Fr. Bacon 2140 Marke you maisters, heers a plaine honest man, without welt or garde. 1594–1692 [see guard n. 11 b]. 1603Harsnet Popish Impost. 167 Loe heere..plaine Gentilisme, without welt or couer. a1734North Examen i. i. §7 (1740) 18 And of these irrefragable Authorities some he affords great Encomiums to, others pass without Welt or Guard.
d. Used by R. Holme (and hence by later compilers) as a heraldic term, in contrast to border.
1688Holme Armoury i. 31 An edg, or hem, or welt, only runs on the sides of the Ordinary; but the Border..goeth clear round the same. c1828Berry Encycl. Her. I. Gloss., Welt, or Edge, a narrow kind of border to an ordinary, or charge, sometimes improperly called a fimbriation, but the cross..should have the fimbriation run all round it,..which the welt or edge, does not. [Hence in Ogilvie (1850) and in later Dicts.]
†3. A binding strip or band. Obs.
In quot. 1607 perhaps an error for ‘netts’.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 215 Hauing found out the field or hill where the beasts are lodged, they compasse it..with welts and toils inuented for that purpose. 1693Evelyn De la Quint. Compl. Gard. I. iii. xxi. 183 The Edges [of the baskets] both above and below [must] be so well wrought as not to unravel; There must be also a Welt round about the middle for the same reason. 1698Froger Voy. 133 Their Privy-parts, which they cover with a little Cotton-welt [Fr. ceinture de coton], that hangs down by their Legs.
4. a. A narrow ridge, a raised stripe. Obs.
1599Nashe Lenten Stuffe 5 Their hauen..hauing but as it were a welte of land..betwixte it and the wide Maine. 1614Sylvester Bethulia's Rescue iv. 375 Her muskie Mouth..A swelling Welt of Corall round behems, Which smiling shows two rows of orient Gems. 1614Markham Cheap & Good Husb. ii. Of Hawks i. 137 And these Stones if they be full of crests and welts, they are the better. a1682Sir T. Browne Tracts i. (1683) 78 The Trunk or Body thereof [of the palm tree] is naturally contrived for ascension,..having many welts and eminencies. 1694Motteux tr. Rabelais v. xxiii. 107 Their dainty Chops and Gullets were lin'd through with Crimsin Satin with little Welts, and Gold Purls.
b. spec. in Nat. Hist. Now rare.
1578Lyte Dodoens ii. xxxv. 192 Of Floure Deluce or Iris... In the leaues [of the flower] that hang downewardes, there are certaine rough or hearie weltes lyke vnto a mans browes. 1597Gerarde Herbal i. xxxv. §5. 50 Flowers of a purple or violet colour,..with a white hairie welt downe the middle. 1658Rowland tr. Moufet's Theat. Ins. xiv. 958 Upon the shoulders [of the butterfly] there is a kinde of sandy dusky coloured roll or welt. 1698Froger Voy. 131 The Toucan,..whose bill is..all over nothing but black and white welts or streaks, like Ebony and Ivory interlaid. 1707Sloane Jamaica I. 94 On the upper margin of them, in a ferrugineous welt, lies the seed. 1713Petiver in Phil. Trans. XXVIII. 208 Its Leaves generally single,..with a large forked welt which saddles the Stalk. 1892A. A. Crozier Dict. Bot. Terms, Welt, a broad, raised stripe or ridge upon the surface of a fruit, as is occasionally seen in the orange and lemon.
c. A ridge on the flesh, esp. the mark of a healed wound; a seam.
1800Phil. Trans. XCI. 8 The cicatrix formed a hard welt, tender to the touch. 1842S. Lover Handy Andy iv, From shoulder to flank, sir, I am one mass of welts and weals. 1876E. Wagner's Gen. Path. 30 If the actual cautery be applied upon a corpse, there arise only..more or less hard or leathery welts. 1883Harper's Mag. Mar. 534/1 The slight welt of a sabre cut on one cheek.
transf. and fig.1882G. F. Pentecost Out of Egypt i. 12 Who can tell what the first hot and burning welt of pain was which followed the first stroke of passion's whip? 1892Kipling Barrack-room Ballads L'Envoi 53 O the blazing tropic night, when the wake's a welt of light.
5. Technical uses.
a. A flange on a horse-shoe.
b. Saddle-making. A narrow strip of leather stitched in between the skirts and the seat.
c. Glove-making. (See quots.)
d. Knitting. (See quots.)
e. A strip or fillet laid over a seam or joint or placed in an angle to secure or strengthen it.
f. The lap or fold of a welted joint (see welted ppl. a. 4). See also sense 1.
a.c1770T. Fairfax Compl. Sportsm. 21 [Horse] Shoes with swelling welts, or borders round about them, are used in Germany, &c. 1831J. Holland Manuf. Metal I. 171 Ordinary [horse] shoes..are either light flat disks,..or of much greater strength, with welts or knobs on the toes.
b.1871Saddlers' Gaz. 1 Nov. 10/1 The skirts being properly edged up, you will now make the welt and fix it to the skirt. 1904Saddlery (ed. P. N. Hasluck) iii. 29 Place the thin hogskin welt along the upper edge of the seat and stitch the skirt and welt together... From the point to which the seat is stitched, a wider welt doubled like the narrow one must be stitched to the skirt.
c.1883S. W. Beck Gloves xii. 179 One minor..process, known as ‘felling the slit-welt’—that is, the turning over and hemming of the welt on the edge of the opening of the gloves. 1886Chamb. Jrnl. 10 Apr. 226/2 Out of the parts left he cuts pieces..for the binding round the top and the opening [of a glove]..which are called ‘welts’.
d.1869Lonsdale Gloss., Welt, ribbed knitting. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Welt, (Knitting-machine) a flap of work (as a heel-piece) disengaged laterally and knitted separately from the main body, and subsequently joined thereto by re-engagement of loops or by hand-knitting. 1879Shropsh. Word-bk. s.v., The ribs of knitting at the top of a sock or stocking are called welts.
e.1875Knight Dict. Mech. s.v. Carvel-built, The edges of the plates are brought flush together and riveted to a lap or welt in the rear. 1888Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin., Welt, the covering strip used in butt riveting.
f.1888J. W. Clarke Plumbing Pract. viii. 81 A mandrel must be fixed inside for the welt to be worked in quite closely.
6. A stroke with a lash or pliant stick; also, a heavy blow with the fist. (Cf. welt v.1 5.)
1863Cornhill Mag. VII. 453 There's thirteen of us to do the punishment, and we must have two welts a piece. 1900A. McIlroy By Lone Craig-Linnie Burn v. 54 Every man claimed the right of bestowing a ‘welt’ on a restive horse with his ash ‘plant’ as he passed.
7. attrib. and Comb., in the names of shoemakers' tools, appliances, and materials, as welt-beater, welt-cutter, welt file, welt-guide, welt-knife, welt-leather, welt-machine, welt-mill, welt shoulders (cf. shoulder n. 5 b), welt-trimmer; welt pocket, a slot pocket having a welt on the lower edge that extends upward to cover the slit.
1812Sporting Mag. XL. 14 Cobler's-wax and welt-leather. 1862Catal. Internat. Exhib. Brit. II. No. 4671, Curried Welt Shoulders. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 2760 Welt-cutter, -guide, -knife, -machine, -trimmer. 1895Boot Making (ed. P. N. Hasluck) v. 83 If they are too thick, reduce them on the flesh side in a welt mill or skiving machine. Ibid. vii. 107 The welt file, used for smoothing the welt. 1897C. T. Davis Manuf. Leather 637 To dress..welt leather and flexible splits. 1932D. C. Minter Mod. Needlecraft 134/1 Welt pocket... Mark opening with tack 4½ inches long. Cut welt 5 inches long and width required. 1978Detroit Free Press 5 Mar. a 16/2 (Advt.), Single-breasted styling with self-belt, epaulets, welt pockets.
▪ II. † welt, n.2 Obs. Cant.
(See rum a.1 2 b.)
▪ III. welt, n.3 dial.|wɛlt|
[Origin unknown.]
The practice by which some members of a gang of dockers take an unauthorized break while the rest work, and so turn and turn about. Hence as v. intr., to take a break thus; ˈwelting vbl. n.3
1964Guardian 7 Dec. 4/1 It is 1.30 p.m...and the afternoon ‘welt’ is settling in. Ibid., ‘Welting’—the practice whereby part of a gang takes an unofficial break while the rest continues working—is firmly entrenched in Liverpool. 1965Wall St. Jrnl. 13 Jan. 11 A visitor dropping into almost any waterfront cafe beside the forest of ship masts rising along the River Mersey in Liverpool will quickly discover one reason. He'll find stevedores ‘welting’ or enjoying their stout and porter at the bar on company time. Work crews allow members to ‘welt’ on a share-and-share alike basis. 1967Economist 4 Nov. 490/1 Ending the welt would make possible higher basic rates of pay. 1977Guardian 4 Sept. 2/2 In some docks..there is still tension because of managers’ attempts..to crack down on the ‘welt’.
▪ IV. welt, v.1|wɛlt|
Forms: α. 5 Sc. and north. walte, waut, 6 Sc. walt, wawt, wate, vat. β. 6 welte, wealt, 6– welt.
[f. welt n.1]
1. trans. To furnish (shoes) with welts; to repair or renew the welts of.
α1483Cath. Angl. 407/1 To Walte, jntercuciare. 1500Ortus Vocab., Intercutio, to walte a schoghe.
β1729P. Walkden Diary (1866) 49 Paid for welting and soling my shoes, 1s. 6d. 1854G. Borrow in Shorter B. & his Circle xxxii. (1913) 374 My boots were worn up by the time I reached Swansea and was obliged to get them new soled and welted. 1914Daily News 30 June 4, I cannot canonise the machine which stitches uppers and welts soles.
2. To border, hem, or ornament (a garment) with welts or strips of material. Also with about. Also absol. (Cf. welted ppl. a. 1 a.) Now rare or Obs.
α1489Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. I. 162 Thre quartaris of veluus to waut hir gowne. 1541Ibid. VIII. 22 For grene velvet to walt ane cote. 1546Ibid. 438 Tua elnis..blak velvot..to walt the said goun and kirtill.
β1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Border & couvrir le bord, to border, to welt. 1592Greene Upst. Courtier D 1 b, In making of veluet breeches, where there is required silke lace,..and such costly stuffe, to welt, gard, whip, stitch, edge, face, and draw out. 1755Johnson, To Welt, to sew any thing with a border.
†3. ? To bind in strips. Obs. rare.
1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 412 If any be sicke, a speare is set vp in his Tent with blacke Felt welted about it.
4. Technical uses:
a. To bind with strips or a strip of leather, spec. in Glove-making and Carriage-building.
1795[see welting vbl. n. 1 b]. 1862Mrs. H. Wood Mrs. Hallib. i. xviii, Some welted, or hemmed the gloves round at the edge of the wrist.
b. Plumbing. To join (the ends of a pipe, etc.) by turning the edges one over the other and pressing them together. Cf. welted ppl. a. 4.
1888J. W. Clarke Plumbing Pract. viii. 81 At a sanitary exhibition..were exhibited some joints..made by welting the ends of the pipes together.
5. To beat, thrash.
1823Moor Suffolk Words, Welt{ddd}to beat severely—so as to raise wales or weals. 1837Haliburton Clockm. Ser. ii. xxii, And they gist fell to and welted him all the way into the town with the tip eend of their lassos. 1855F. C. Armstrong Warhawk I. xii. 248 I'll welt you with a rope's end if you don't mizzle. 1894Sir J. D. Astley 50 Years Life I. 105 My ribs ached as though they had been welted with a single⁓stick. 1901E. Phillpotts Striking Hours 12 Next time..I'll welt the hide off your bones.
▪ V. welt, v.2 Obs. exc. dial.
Pa. tense 4–5 welt(e.
[a. ON. *welta intr. strong verb (Icel. and Norw. velta, MSw. välta), and trans. weak verb (Icel. and Norw. velta, MSw. and Sw. välta, Da. vælte); the latter corresponds to OE. -wæltan (Angl.), wyltan, OHG. walzen, welzen (MHG. welzen, G. wälzen), Goth. waltjan, f. the a- grade of the stem welt-, walt-: see walt a. and v.]
1. intr. To roll or turn over (also with over); to fall over (also with backward); to sway or be unsteady.
13..St. Cristofer 651 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 462 Whene þe kynge hade of hym syghte In his chayere he welte vpryghte. c1400Destr. Troy 7488 Philoc with felle angur frusshet to Remo, Till bothe welt backward of hor bare sadles. 1513Douglas æneis x. x. 136 So tyll hys hart stoundis the prik of deith, He weltis our, and ȝaldis vp the breith. Ibid. xi. xii. 83 And stedis throwand on the ground that weltis. 1570Levins Manip. 59/1 To Welt, neuter, decidere. 1703Thoresby Let. Ray, Welt, to totter. 1876Whitby Gloss. s.v., T' cart coup'd, an' we com welting into t' gutter. 1895Lakeland Gloss., Welt, to roll or roll over, to incline on one side.
fig.13..E.E. Allit. P. C. 115 Hit was a wenyng vn-war þat welt in his mynde. c1400Destr. Troy 4891 We, as vnwise men, welt into pride, Answarth hym awterwart with angur & skorne.
b. To gush out. Cf. walt v. 4.
a1400–50Wars Alex. 839 (MS. Ashm.) So hard him hittis on the hede his hernes out weltid [MS. Dublin weltyn].
2. trans. To cast or throw down; to throw to the ground; to overturn; to beat down; also to roll, trundle. Cf. walt v. 2.
a1400Morte Arth. 3152 Walles he welte downe. c1400Destr. Troy 7490 Aither wegh other woundit, & welt to þe grene. 1513Douglas æneis iv. vii. 76 The burgeonit treis on buird thai bring for airis, Weltis down in woddis gret mastis. Ibid. ix. viii. 127 Down welting eik of huge wecht gret stanys. Ibid. x. iii. 21 Ane Agmon of Lyrnesya fast tharby Presys, wyth all the fors in his body, A felloune stone to welt the wallys tyll. 1570Levins Manip. 59/1 To Welt, actiue, euertere. 1703Thoresby Let. Ray, Welt,..overturn cart or wain. 1828Carr Craven Gloss., Grass or corn is said to be welted when it is beaten down by wind or rain, &c. 1869Lonsdale Gloss., Welt, v. t. to overset, to overturn. 1898B. Kirkby Lakeland Words, Welt, upset.
▪ VI. welt, v.3 Chiefly dial.|wɛlt|
[? Alteration of welk v. Cf. the earlier welter v.2 and wilt v.]
a. trans. Of the sun or weather: To wither (cut grass, etc.). Chiefly pass.
b. intr. To become withered by exposure to the sun and air.
1764Museum Rust. III. 333 That wheat which is mowed will require many days of hot weather to welt the grass and weeds. 1830Spurdens Forby's Voc. E. Anglia App., Wilted, shrivelled as an apple. Also Welted: the same word. 1854A. E. Baker Northampt. Gloss. s.v. Welted, ‘It is well welted:’ or ‘It is not fit to carry, it wants a good welting first’. 1863Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XXIV. ii. 350 Mown grass becomes first welted, then ferments. 1865Ibid. 2nd Ser. I. ii. 412 It is good management to give these turnips on grass, and to let them ‘welt’, or become dry from exposure to the sun and air.
Hence ˈwelting vbl. n.
1766Museum Rust. VI. 388 Cut the herb in the morning; and put it into the vats as soon as possible, in order to prevent its welting or heating. 1854[see above].
▪ VII. welt
obs. form of wealth.
▪ VIII. welt, welte
obs. contr. ff. wieldeth, wielded: see wield v. |