| 释义 |
anaphylaxis Path.|ænəfɪˈlæksɪs|
[mod.L., ad. F. anaphylaxie (Portier and Richet 1902, in Compt. Rend. Soc. de Biol. 170), f. ana- + Gr. ϕύλαξις watching, guarding. Cf. prophylaxis.]
Extreme sensitivity of tissues to the reintroduction of an antigen. Also transf. So anaphyˈlactic a., esp. in anaphylactic shock, a rapid physical reaction to such reintroduction.
1907Jrnl. Med. Research XVI. 143 (heading) On Serum Anaphylaxis in the Guinea-Pig. Animals may react to certain toxic or foreign substances..by an increased susceptibility or anaphylaxis. Ibid. 174 It is important to consider certain general relations which exist between the anaphylactic serum and the affected organism... Sera of animals other than the horse have an anaphylactic power against the guinea-pig. 1909Arch. Int. Med. III. 519 Anaphylaxis.., also called hypersusceptibility, super⁓sensitiveness, is a condition of unusual or exaggerated susceptibility of the organism to foreign substances. 1910Lancet 9 July 84/1 Deep ether narcosis..modifies anaphylactic shock. 1913J. M. Bligh tr. Richet's Anaphylaxis i. 1 Anaphylaxis is the opposite condition to protection (phylaxis). 1925C. H. Browning Bacteriology x. 232 A similar phenomenon is that of anaphylaxis in which a parenteral injection of foreign serum, which is quite harmless to a normal individual, may cause serious symptoms in one who has received a previous injection of serum; this result follows only when both injections consist of serum of the same foreign species. 1939Nature 6 May 767/2 Anaphylactic phenomena in the rhesus monkey after intravenous injection of horse serum. Ibid. 768/1 Fatal anaphylaxis usually occurred within six minutes of the injection of egg-white. 1953Hinsie & Shatzky Psychiatric Dict. (ed. 2) 571/1 In psychic anaphylaxis..the reaction is..a response to the sensitizing agent rather than to the activating agent. 1955Sci. News Let. 9 Apr. 234/3 These severe sting reactions, and similar severe reactions to bites of biting insects, are what scientists call anaphylactic shocks. 1959Listener 24 Dec. 1115/2 Anaphylactic shock, allergy, and hypersensitivity are all aberrations or miscarriages of the immunological process. |