| 释义 |
‖ karma|ˈkɑːmə|
Also karman.
[Skr. karma, karman-, action, fate.]
In Buddhism, the sum of a person's actions in one of his successive states of existence, regarded as determining his fate in the next; hence, necessary fate or destiny, following as effect from cause. Also in Hinduism.
Latterly adopted by Western popular ‘meditative’ groups.
1827H. T. Colebrooke in Trans. R. Asiatic Soc. I. 111 The next head in Canáde's arrangement, after quality, is action (carme). 1828B. H. Hodgson in Ibid. (1830) II. 250. 1830 H. T. Colebrooke in Ibid. II. 38 Questions most recondite, which are agitated by theologians, have engaged the attention of the védántins likewise..such as..efficacy of works (carman). 1836Penny Cycl. V. 531/1 The progress of the soul towards matter is therefore the effect of a succession of acts (Karma—whence the name of the school Kârmika) on the part of the soul. 1853P. D. Hardy Budhism 39 As the cause of reproduction, karma, is destroyed, it is not possible for him [the rahat] to enter upon any other mode of existence. 1879Max Müller Sel. Ess. (1881) II. 495 What the Buddists call by the general name of Karman, comprehends all influences which the past exercises on the present, whether physical or mental. 1881A. P. Sinnett Occult World 132 Every thought of man upon being evolved passes into the inner world... It survives as an active intelligence.. so man is continually peopling his current in space with a world of his own... The Buddhist calls this his ‘Shandba’; the Hindu gives it the name of ‘Karma’. 1882Wood tr. Barth's Relig. India 112 The individual..entirely perishes. The influence of its karman alone, of its acts, survives it. 1892Month Jan. 10 ‘Karma’..literally signifies ‘action’, and in Theosophic phraseology indicates the unvarying chain of cause and effect that governs the universe. 1899L. Hearn In Ghostly Japan iii. 28 The destruction of Karma by virtuous effort is likened to the burning of incense by a pure flame. 1915A. M. Stevenson Heart of Jainism viii. 175 While Hindus think of karma as formless (amūrta), Jaina believe karma to have shape. 1948N. Micklem Relig. ii. 45 Thus the doctrine of karma (literally ‘action’) or transmigration is intimately associated with the philosophy of the Upanishads. 1962T. C. Lethbridge Witches x. 133 The individual's choice of a future earthly body is limited however by what is known as the ‘Law of Karma’. 1969Surfer IX. vi. 38 May your destiny always be flavoured with good—good karma in this life. Ibid. 62 This is a bad Karma contest. 1971Nat. Geographic Mar. 321/2 Officials, too, are subject to the law of karma—that sooner or later every action brings its retribution, in this existence or in one to come. 1971Rolling Stone 24 June 32/2 John Sebastian's recording career has been plagued with an unusually bad karma. 1972Last Whole Earth Catalog (Portola Inst.) 407/2 Because the karma is a little slower when you're not stoned, but it's the same karma and it works the same way.
Hence ˈkarmic a., pertaining to, relating to, or concerning karma.
1883A. P. Sinnett Esoteric Buddhism xii. 195 Thus, on a careful examination of the matter the Karmic law..will be seen not only to reconcile itself to the sense of justice, but to constitute the only imaginable method of natural action that would do this. 1885A. P. Sinnett Karma II. 110 To seek..some comprehension of the Karmic principle in operation. 1931L. H. Myers Prince Jali vi. 63 Would not a good Buddhist see in her only a link in the long karmic chain? 1949S. Barbanell Silver Birch Speaks xiii. 142 One limit imposed, and always imposed, is what I would call the karmic debt of the patient, the relationship between mind and body determined by that individual's spiritual growth and attainment. 1974Publishers Weekly 29 Apr. 47/2 Brodsky begins with an introduction to current genetic theory and proceeds to relate that to Eastern karmic understanding. |