| 释义 |
▪ I. keeper, n.|ˈkiːpə(r)|
[f. keep v. + -er1.]
One who or that which keeps.
I. From trans. senses of the vb.
1. a. One who has charge, care, or oversight of any person or thing; a guardian, warden, custodian.
a1300Cursor M. 1096 Quen was i keper of þi child. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 15812 Ne God wil namore þat þey be Keperes of þat dignete. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xii. (Mathias) 137 He hyme mad hale kepare of al þe thinge, þat he had in-to gowernynge. 1382Wyclif Gen. iv. 9, I wote neuere; whether am I the keper of my brother? [Coverd. I knowe not: Am I my brothers keper?]. ― Acts xvi. 27 The kepere of the prisoun..seynge the ȝatis of the prisoun openyd..wolde sle hym silf. 1388― Gen. iv. 2 Abel was a kepere of scheep, and Cayn was an erthe tilyere. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxiv. 110 [Þai] ware made hirdmen and kepers of bestez. 1509–10Act 1 Hen. VIII, c. 17 §1 The Keper of the said great Warderobe for the tyme beyng. a1533Ld. Berners Huon viii. 19 Gerarde..demandyd..whether he was kepar of that passage or not. 1570Satir. Poems Reform. xviii. 37 He was keipar of ȝour commoun weill. 1631Gouge God's Arrows iii. §65. 304 The Church..is a faithful keeper and preserver of the Oracles of God. 1693Dryden Juvenal vi. (1697) 140 Keep close your Women, under Lock and Key: But, who shall keep those Keepers? 1718Prior Knowledge 203 Untam'd and fierce the tiger..seeks his keeper's flesh. 1810Scott Lady of L. iii. xiv, The herds without a keeper strayed.
b. Forming the second element in many compounds; as alphabet-keeper, ass-keeper, beast-keeper, book-keeper, bridge-keeper, cash-keeper, chapel-keeper, cow-keeper, deer-keeper, dog-keeper, door-keeper, gamekeeper, gate-keeper, goal-keeper, green-keeper, hound-keeper, housekeeper, etc., of which those of permanent standing will be found in their alphabetical places.
c1440[see housekeeper]. 1535[see door-keeper]. 1555[see book-keeper]. 1670[see gamekeeper]. 1707J. Chamberlayne Pres. St. Gt. Brit. iii. 679 Officers of the Foreign [Post] Office.. Mr. James Lawrence, Alphabet-Keeper, 100l. 1766Entick London IV. 295 In the foreign office, there is also a comptroller, and an alphabet keeper. 1897Outing (U.S.) XXIX. 440/2 The old hound-keeper declared that [the bitch] would never come back. 1900Daily News 3 July 7/5 One piece fell beside the register-keeper. 1900Westm. Gaz. 14 July 2/3 The street chapel-keeper also wished to desert his post.
c. Special uses:
Keeper of the Exchange and Mint: the Master of the Mint, an office held since 1870 by the Chancellor of the Exchequer. Keeper of the Great († Broad) Seal: an officer in England and Scotland who has the custody of the Great Seal; in England the office is now held by the Lord High Chancellor. Keeper of the Privy Seal: (a) in England an officer through whose hands pass charters, etc. before coming to the Great Seal, now called Lord Privy Seal; (b) a similar officer in Scotland and the Duchy of Cornwall. † Keeper of the Touch: see quot. 1607.
1423Rolls Parlt. IV. 257/1 If..the..Keper of the touche afore seid touche ony such Hernois wyth the Liberdisheed. 1454Ibid. V. 256/2 The Chaunceller of Englond, and the Keper of the prive Seale. 1467–8Ibid. V. 634/1 Hugh Bryce of London, Goldsmyth, keper of the Kyngs eschaunge in London. 1477Act 17 Edw. IV, c. 5 Such and as many keepers of the same Seals, as he shall think necessary. 1562–3Act 5 Eliz. c. 18 (title) An Acte declaring thauctoritee of the L. Keeper of the Great Seale of England and the L. Chancellor to bee one. 1607Cowell Interpr., Keeper of the priuy Seale..seemeth to be called Clerke of the priuy Seale. Ibid., Keeper o' the Touch, anno 2 H. 6. cap. 14. seemth to be that officer in the kings mint which at this day is termed the master of the assay. 1688Col. Rec. Pennsylv. I. 230 Thomas Lloyd Keeper of y⊇ Broad Seal. 1863H. Cox Instit. i. vii. 92 The Lord Chancellor or Lord Keeper is..Prolocutor or Speaker of the House of Lords.
d. An officer who has the charge of a forest, woods, or grounds; now esp. = gamekeeper.
1488–9Act 4 Hen. VII, c. 6 Stiwards Foresters and other kepers within the Kynges Forest of Ingilwode. a1530Heywood Weather (Brandl 1898) 413 Rangers and kepers of certayne places, As forestes, parkes, purlewes and chasys. 16022nd Pt. Return fr. Parnass. ii. v. 883, I causd the Keeper to seuer the rascall Deere from the Buckes of the first head. 1648Bury Wills (Camden) 218 To George Betts, my keeper, five pounds. 1763Brit. Mag. IV. 108 Duke of Kingston, keeper of Sherwood Forest. 1863Kingsley Water-Bab. i. (1889) 16 He did not know that a keeper is only a poacher turned outside in, and a poacher is a keeper turned inside out.
†e. A nurse; one who has charge of the sick.
c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 3624 Walstede, he sais, entir with me, For my kepar sall' þou be. c1470Henry Wallace ii. 366 Quhen Wallace was ralesched off his payne..His trew kepar he send to Elrisle. 1587Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1376/1 In some great extremitie of sicknesse..some honest ancient woman a keeper, may watch with anie of them. 1651Wittie tr. Primrose's Pop. Err. iii. iv. 144 Such as bee sick of feavers, for whom principally keepers are provided.
f. Cricket. A wicket-keeper.
1744Laws [of Cricket] in New Dict. Arts & Sci. (1755) IV. 3459/2 When the ball has been in hand by one of the keepers or stoppers. 1868J. Lillywhite Cricketers' Compan. 49 The best ‘keeper’ who ever stood behind a wicket. 1926H. Strudwick 25 Yrs. behind Stumps 244 There were very few, if any, better keepers than the Notts man. 1927[see aunt 4 b]. 1975Cricketer May 9/2 A tall 'keeper's rise from his crouch is less rapid than a smaller man's.
g. Assoc. Football. A goal-keeper.
1957J. Milburn Golden Goals 140 (caption) Milburn rates Ditchburn among the greatest 'keepers he has ever faced. 1974Oxf. Mail 21 Aug. 16 (caption) Bicester's Phillip Pratt (10) heads the ball past Thame keeper Micky Taylor for his second goal.
2. One who observes or keeps a command, law, promise, etc.
1382Wyclif Ezek. xliv. 8 Ȝe han putte keepers of myn obseruances in my sayntuarie to ȝour self. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 54 He calleth the kepers of the commaundementes his frendes. 1625Bacon Ess., Boldness (Arb.) 519 For Boldnesse is an ill keeper of promise. a1796Burns Verses to Rankine i, I am a keeper of the law In some sma' points, altho' not a'. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 428 From being a keeper of the law he is converted into a breaker of it.
3. One who owns or carries on some establishment or business.
Often the second element in combs., as alehouse-keeper, hotel-keeper, lodging-house keeper; innkeeper, shopkeeper.
c1440Promp. Parv. 272/1 Kepare of an howse, or an howse holdare, paterfamilias. 1495Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 2 §5 To take suertie of the kepers of ale houses of their gode behavyng. 1713Lond. Gaz. No. 5141/4 Isaac Beckett..Alehouse-keeper. 1851Hawthorne Ho. Sev. Gables iii. 39 A forlorn old maid, and keeper of a cent-shop. 1870W. M. Baker New Timothy 167 (Cent.) A weakly, aged keeper of a little shoe-store in a village.
†4. One who keeps a mistress. Obs.
1676G. Etherege Man of Mode i. i, An old doting keeper cannot be more jealous of his mistress. 1712Steele Spect. No. 461 ⁋11 A Man may be a very fine Gentleman, tho' he is neither a Keeper nor an Infidel. 1748Richardson Clarissa (1811) IV. 151 The risk of a keeper, who takes up with a low-bred girl. c1810W. Hickey Mem. (1960) xviii. 291 He at that time was the professed keeper of Mrs. Cuyler, a great jack whore, without pretensions to manners. 1846Swell's Night Guide 83 Keepers are the sinews of your trade.
5. One who or that which keeps or retains, in various senses of the vb. Also keeper-back.
a1548Hall Chron., Hen. V 81 There is no lesse praise to be geven to the keper then to the getter. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, ii. ii. 70 He is a Flatterer, A Parasite, a keeper backe of death. a1617Hieron Wks. (1620) II. 457 Keepers from Gods ministers, that which they ought to haue. a1859Macaulay Hist. Eng. xxiii. V. 105 The best keeper of secrets in Europe.
6. a. Any mechanical device for keeping something in its place; a clasp, catch, etc. spec. (a) a loop securing the end of a buckled strap; (b) the mousing of a hook; (c) a jam-nut or check-nut; (d) the gripper in a flint-lock, securing the flint; (e) the box into which the bolt of a lock projects when shot. (Knight Dict. Mech., 1875.)
1575Laneham Let. (1871) 37 A narro gorget, fastened afore with a white clasp and a keepar close vp to the chin. 1625Naworth Househ. Bks. (Surtees) 214 Tape, claspes and keepers. 1667Vestry Bks. (Surtees) 336 To Tho. Cooper for makeing a keeper for Mr Lambton's pew dore, 2d. 1778Eng. Gazetteer (ed. 2) s.v. Higham, Great catch-hooks and keepers of silver. 1867J. Hogg Microsc. i. ii. 84 A gilt iron bar, ledge, or keeper, serves for an object-rest. 1888Sci. American LVIII. 408/1 A glove fastener has been patented... It has a cylindrical keeper with one lower edge struck up to form a lip. Ibid., A keeper with a slot in its upper surface adapted to receive the latch and tongue [of a glove fastener].
b. A bar of soft iron placed across the poles of a horse-shoe magnet to prevent loss of power; an armature.
Also, one of the lateral projections attached to the poles of an electro-magnet to bring these into close proximity to the revolving armature; a shoe (Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl. 1884).
1837Brewster Magnet. 312 The weight was carefully removed, so as not to displace the armature or keeper. c1860Faraday Forces Nat. v. 133. 1868 Lockyer Elem. Astron. 274 A pricker attached to the keeper of an electro⁓magnet.
c. A ring that keeps another (esp. the wedding-ring) on the finger; a guard-ring.
1851Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 499 (Hoppe) A gold ring, a silver ring, and a chased keeper. 1858Ann. Register 7, 150 wedding rings and keepers. 1894Hall Caine Manxman iv. xiv, She..hurried every thing into it—the money, the earrings, the keeper off her finger, and then she paused at the touch of the wedding-ring.
d. A simple ring worn in the ears to keep a pierced hole open.
1960Woman's Realm 2 Apr. 69/3 Pure gold keeper rings to keep the ear-piercing open, ready for the first real earrings. 1968K. O'Hara Bird-Cage vii. 55, 1 pair gold keeper ear-rings.
II. From intr. senses of the verb.
7. One who continues or remains at a place.
1611Bible Tit. ii. 5 To be discreet, chaste, keepers at home.
8. A fruit, or other product, that keeps (well or ill).
1843Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. IV. ii. 389 An excellent apple, and good keeper. 1892Garden 27 Aug. 178 The best Apple..splendid keeper, will last until May. 1892Seed Catalogue, Royal Ash-leaf kidney [potato], heavy cropper and good keeper.
Hence ˈkeepering, the work of a gamekeeper.
1861Baily's Monthly Mag. Jan. 185 His keepering consisted..in an amiable crusade..against ‘them darned rats’. 1892J. Wilkins Autobiog. Gamekpr. i. i. 13 It made me take a liking for keepering. 1963P. MacTyre Fish on Hook iii. 48 Wynrame isn't much of a hand at the keepering. 1971Country Life 12 Aug. 363/3 A shepherd..deplored the increase in the depredations of the fox, since, he said, ‘keepering’ had gone out of fashion.
▪ II. keeper, v.|ˈkiːpə(r)|
[f. the n. or as a back-formation f. keepering.]
trans. To look after as a gamekeeper. So ˈkeepered ppl. a.
1921Chambers's Jrnl. Sept. 388 An estate well-preserved and well-keepered. 1958Times 13 Sept. 9/3 The full benefits of hand-rearing can be enjoyed only on ground which is adequately keepered. 1961R. Jefferies Evidence of Accused i. 9 If the estate were keepered..it would become a rattling good shoot. 1971Country Life 23 Sept. 766/3 In recent years this chalk-stream water [sc. River Itchen] has been well keepered and only lightly fished by a maximum of three rods. 1972Times 7 Aug. 22/3 (Advt.), Keepered partridge and pheasant shoot. |