| 释义 |
wholism|ˈhəʊlɪz(ə)m|
[Alteration of holism, after whole n.]
The doctrine or belief that wholes must be studied as such, and that the parts can only be understood in relation to the wholes to which they belong; the doctrine that evolutionary forces tend towards the forming of new and more complex wholes; = holism.
1939J. E. Boodin Social Mind. p. vii, Two conceptions..have recently been emphasized in philosophy and social theory, namely creative synthesis or emergence and wholism or gestaltism... Wholism means that..events can be understood only as figuring in a whole or gestalt. 1941Mind L. 394 Boodin is fully justified in claiming both that he thought and wrote in the spirit of ‘creative synthesis’ and ‘wholism’, before these terms had been invented or had, at any rate, become popular. 1962R. & H. Hauser Fraternal Soc. 9 The keynote of their work is ‘Wholism’. 1981Amer. Jrnl. Clin. Biofeedback IV. 33 The biofeedback experience also highlights the concept of wholism.
Hence ˈwholist a. and n., whoˈlistic a., whoˈlistically adv.
1941Mind L. 397 As everyone knows who has studied the use of the concept of ‘creative synthesis’, and, in general, all ‘wholistic’ types of philosophy, thinkers of this school are not content to describe the Universe merely as making and unmaking wholes of various sorts. 1956J. S. Bruner et al. in J. S. Bruner Beyond Information Given (1974) ix. 163 We shall refer to the ideal strategy just described as the wholist strategy. 1962R. & H. Hauser Fraternal Soc. ii. ii. 121 As wholists we ask, is not all this..activity..useless. Ibid. iv. 181 Our approach to the problems of violence is wholistic. 1964F. H. Blum in I. L. Horowitz New Sociol. 166 Being concerned with the totality of the human situation, he [sc. Mills] dealt with them [sc. key problems] wholistically. 1972L. S. Hearnsaw in Cox & Dyson 20th-Cent. Mind I. vii. 232 Between the wars a new brand of psychology was born, the psychology of personality, wholistic in its presuppositions. 1974H. J. Klausmeier et al. Conceptual Learning & Devel. iii. 67 We rarely receive information in a nice sequence of positive instances so that we may adopt a wholist strategy. 1980R. Herink Psychotherapy Handbk. 698 Wholistic therapy. |