| 释义 |
▪ I. relict, n.|ˈrɛlɪkt|
[ad. L. relict-us, -a, -um, pa. pple. of relinquĕre to leave behind, relinquish; in sense 2 more immediately ad. med.L. relicta n. or OF. relicte (14th c.).]
1. = relic 1, 1 d, and 5. Now rare or Obs.
1535Lyndesay Satyre 2231 Cum, win my pardon; and kiss my relicts, to. c1540in Prance Addit. Narr. Pop. Plot (1679) 36 Steryng them with all perswasions..to dedd Images and counterfeit Relicts. 1632Lithgow Trav. v. 195 The Apple is..yearely transported for Constantinople..and there is reserued for a relict of the fruit of the forbidden tree. 1681R. Knox Hist. Ceylon 80 Each of these Gods hath a Pallenkine..in the which there are several pieces of their superstitious relicts. 1727A. Hamilton New Acc. E. Ind. I. xxvii. 344 For want of a better Image or Relict to adore, they worship a Monkeys Tooth. 1735H. Jacob Wks. 411 In the Statues, Bas-relieves and precious Relicts of the great Masters of old. 1827Miss Sedgwick H. Leslie (1872) I. 37 The relicts and gifts of a woman whom he had loved. 1884‘Mark Twain’ Huck. Finn xxxvii. 384 Things that was valuable..on account of them being relicts.
2. a. The widow of a man.
1545Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 9 Dame Jonet Stewart the relict of umquhile Johne Muir of Caldwell and now spous to Thomas Kirkpatrick. c1610Sir J. Melvil Mem. (1735) 256 He married the Earl of March's Relict. a1659Osborn Observ. Turks Wks. (1673) 305 Such cries as are made by the Relicts and Children of slain Souldiers. 1718Hickes & Nelson J. Kettlewell ii. xxvii. 129 This Gentle⁓woman, the Relict of so Worthy a Man. 1776Foote Bankrupt iii. Wks. 1799 II. 129 There has been..no less than three proposals of marriage already made to my relict. 1804E. de Acton Tale without Title II. 214, I am ordered by the relict of my late master..to inform you that she [etc.]. 1871Freeman Norm. Conq. xvii. (1876) IV. 59 Nothing could be further from William's purpose than in any way to disturb the relict of his revered predecessor.
b. Without const. Now rare.
1640–1Kirkcudbr. War-Comm. Min. Bk. (1855) 89 To..confess his fault in declameing, by words, of the gude name and fame of the said relict. 1702Steele Funeral i. (1734) 15, I never yet could meet with a sorrowful Relict, but was herself enough to make a hard Bargain with me. 1776T. Percival Ess. III. 347 To the great prejudice of a poor relict and her helpless child. 1873Browning Red Cotton Night-Cap Country i. 808 She, sad relict, must drag residue Of days.
†c. The surviving partner of a person. Obs.—1
a1667Jer. Taylor Wks. (1835) II. 84 (Cent.), Though the relict of a man or woman have liberty to contract new relations, yet [etc.].
3. a. pl. Remains, remnants, residue. Also sing. a surviving part; † a survivor.
1598Barret Theor. Warres iv. i. 116 Hee gathered together the relictes of the defeated armies. 1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 304 In as many places are Christians, or relicts of that holy profession. 1654R. Codrington tr. Iustine xxii. 319 The Carthaginians sent Commanders..to prosecute the relicts of the war. 1728Morgan Algiers I. i. 10 He there seems to speak of the Relicts of the Pœni. 1817Coleridge Biog. Lit. vi. I. 112 The ideas (or relicts of such impression) will exactly imitate the order of the impression itself. 1856Grote Greece ii. xcviii. XII. 638 Isolated relicts of what had once been an Hellenic aggregate.
sing.1630B. Jonson New Inn Argt., The eldest daughter, Frances,..is the sole relict of the family. 1679M. Rusden Discov. Bees 99 The relict of a good Colony that hath had several Hives taken off. 1764Foote Patron iii. Wks. 1799 I. 359 My æneas! my precious relict of Troy!
b. A surviving trace, survival. Also transf. of a person.
1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. xxi. 265 To breake the eggeshell after the meat is out..is but a superstitious relict. 1761Hume Hist. Eng. lxi. III. 320 This parliament took into consideration..the taking away of tithes, which they called a relict of Judaism. 1821J. Q. Adams in C. Davies Metr. Syst. iii. (1871) 271 The Winchester bushel is the only existing relict of the old English system. 1928Daily Express 3 July 10/2 Our British boards of railway directors are like an ante-room to a museum. They are crowded with relicts of the easy pre-war age for whom the world has never changed.
c. pl. The remains of one deceased. rare.
a1649Drummond of Hawthornden Poems Wks. (1711) 45 The blushing hyacinth and rose Spred on the place his relicts do enclose. 1704Nelson Fest. & Fasts xxxi. (1739) 386 A..Means to entice the People to..a superstitious Worship of his Relicts. 1807G. Chalmers Caledonia I. ii. vii. 320 note, The original church of Dunkeld..was built..for the reception of the relicts of St. Columba.
d. Biol., Geogr., and Geol. A relict species, structure, etc.
1905F. E. Clements Res. Methods in Ecol. 321 Relict, a species belonging properly to an earlier type of succession than the one in which it is found. 1950Jrnl. Ecol. XXXVIII. 294 A few relicts of the former open fen are to be seen in the form of scattered plants of Cirsium palustre..and Angelica sylvestris. 1971Nature 5 Feb. 377/2 Rare plant species are often relicts surviving in restricted ecological niches. The opportunities for these species to spread to other, suitable habitats are minimal. 1977A. Hallam Planet Earth 17/2 The breccias are revealing to us the relicts of an original lunar crust that formed and was reconstituted several times.
†4.
a. A deserted or discarded person. Obs. rare.
1592Warner Alb. Eng. vii. xxxvi. 156 Her too much wronged Relict might (as well he might) be greeu'd. 1602Ibid. xi. lxviii. 287 Him blesseth he to whom doth he one of his Relicts giue.
†b. pl. That which is left behind or rejected; leavings; refuse. Obs. rare.
1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. 107 Salt meats are relicts to them, and they feed on nothing but Beans, Pease, Eggs and Bisket. 1748Anson's Voy. ii. iv. 167 The broken jars, ashes, and fish-bones..being doubtless the relicts of the cruisers stationed off that Port.
†5. A thing left to one by inheritance. Obs.—1
1726in H. Campbell Love-lett. Mary Q. Scots (1824) 18, I..look on myself but as the steward of a glorious relict.
6. Linguistics. Used attrib. or in Comb. to denote language or vocabulary which is a survival of otherwise archaic or old forms. Cf. also relic 4 d, 7.
1934Priebsch & Collinson German Lang. vii. 364 Often we find a wedge of linguistic innovation along the rivers and highways with relict-areas preserving ancient forms on the high moors and along the wooded hills. 1947Ibid. (ed. 2) i. 14 The Logudoresian dialect retains certain relict-words with affinities in Basque. 1948Trans. Phil. Soc. 1947 14 It now appears that the original Germanic language of the Low German area was not in any essential matter distinguished from Frisian, but that it was afterwards High Germanized, leaving Frisian as a relict language of its original state. 1963H. C. Darby in Brown & Foote Early English & Norse Stud. ii. 9 Another example of relict names is found on Dunsmore Heath.
▪ II. reˈlict, a.
[f. as prec.; cf. derelict.]
Left, in various senses.
†1. Allowed to remain untouched or undisturbed. Obs.
c1420Pallad. on Husb. x. 198 A vyne whos fruyt humour wol putrifie Pampyned is to be by euery side, Relicte on hit oonly the croppis hie. c1450tr. De Imitatione iii. lx. 140 In asmuche as his mevinge lafte & relicte to himself drawiþ euere to euel & to lowe þinges.
†2. Left by death, surviving. (Cf. relict n. 2.) Obs.
1649Bp. Hall Cases Consc. iv. ii. (1654) 310 If upon the departure of an unbeleeving or hereticall yoke-fellow the relict party must be tyed up. a1661Fuller Worthies, Lincolnshire ii. (1662) 159 His Relict Lady..lived long in Westminster.
†3. Obs. Of lands:
a. Left by the recess of the sea.
b. Abandoned, deserted.
a1676Hale De Jure Maris i. iv. in Hargrave's Law Tracts (1787) I. 14 No answer is given to the title of information for lands relict, for these were of several natures. a1687Petty Pol. Arith. iv. (1691) 68 If the Relict Lands, and the immovables left behind upon them, may be sold.
4. Geogr., Geol., and Biol. Surviving from a previous age or in changed circumstances after the extinction or disappearance of related forms or structures.
In origin prob. an attrib. use of the n. rather than a revival of the adj. (cf. quot. 1901).
1898J. Geikie Earth Sculpture xvi. 274 The direction, and to a large extent the shape or form of relict mountains, are thus mainly determined by the geological structure. 1901Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. VII. 315 Those [animals] remaining in the old place formed a zonally-disposed relict-fauna. 1932E. W. Sinnott Plant Sociology iv. 63 Besides these characteristic relict species there are others whose fidelity is due to a narrowly specialized adaptation to definite physico-chemical relations of the habitat. 1939W. H. Twenhofel Princ. Sedimentation xii. 459 Relict seas are bodies of water that have become separated from the parent body by diastrophic, depositional, or volcanic causes. Ibid., Well-known relict seas are..the Caspian Sea, Lake Nicaragua, and Lake Baikal. 1945M. J. D. White Animal Cytol. & Evolution xiii. 293 [Saga serrata] seems to be a ‘relict’ species, since the localities in which it occurs are very discontinuous and the individual populations of very small size. 1954W. D. Thornbury Princ. Geomorphol. xvi. 413 Relict features attributable to former existence of periglacial conditions have been described at many places in Europe and North America. 1974J. D. Millman Recent Sedimentary Carbonates I. vii. 221 Coralline algae in continental shelf sediments may be relict but others are modern. 1977Birds Winter 19/1 Fowlmere is a small, relict fen, lying in a hollow of the Gog Magog hills. 1978Sci. Amer. Sept. 111/1 The lobe fins were far less successful as fishes (they survive only as lungfishes and a few relict forms). 1978T. Rowley Villages in Landscape ii. 49 Village plans may include relict features of early defensive structures, such as the alignment of Roman town walls.
5. Astr. Remaining from the ‘big bang’.
1971Nature 3 Sept. 36/2 The discovery in 1965, by Penzias and Wilson, of background radiation which may well be relict radiation from this fireball. 1978Sci. Amer. July 54/3 Encounters between cosmic rays and photons of the relict radiation would severely drain the energy of the cosmic rays above some energy threshold.
So † reˈlicted a.; † reˈliction. Obs.
a1676Hale De Jure Maris i. vi. in Hargrave's Law Tracts (1787) I. 31 Custom cannot intitle the subject to relicted lands, or make it part of a manor. Ibid. 36 Acquests by the reliction or recess of the sea. |