| 释义 |
wiper|ˈwaɪpə(r)|
Also 6 (9 in sense 5) wyper.
[f. wipe v. + -er1.]
1. A person who wipes; spec. in various industries, a workman employed in wiping something clean or dry. Also with adv., as away, out.
1552Huloet, Wyper a waye of fylth from a mans body. 1842Browning Pied Piper xv, Let me and you be wipers Of scores out with all men. 1875D. Greenwell Liber Humanitatis 141 A wiper away of the tears that none other but he and God behold. 1881Instr. Census Clerks (1885) 89 Glass Manufacture..Wiper-out. 1888J. W. Clarke Mod. Plumbing Pract. (1914) I. 99 So that when wiping the joint the solder will not burn the little finger of the wiper's hand. 1889Scribner's Mag. Aug. 220/2 (Locomotive) For wipers and watchmen.
2. a. A cloth or other appliance used for wiping; in slang use, a handkerchief (later replaced by wipe n. 4).
1587Acc. Mary Q. Scots (Camden) 59 For v ells canvas for butter clothes and wipers, iiij s. 1626B. Jonson Masque of Owls 127 The wipers for their noses. 1685Phil. Trans. XV. 1158 The fifth he calls the Wiper, supposing that by it they wipe off the honie from the flowers. a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Wiper, a Handkerchief. 1841Catlin N. Amer. Ind. xli. II. 63, I rolled it up with my wiper. 1870Daily News 23 Sept., The women in Holland clean their steps with an appliance combining the brush and wiper. 1890Sci. Amer. 8 Nov. 297/1 Another movement [of a soldering machine] carries the can body across the wiper, which removes the superfluous solder.
b. = wiping-rod: see wiping vbl. n. 3.
1826Price List in Austin Papers (1924) 1369 To wiper claw for rifle..50. 1827J. Kerr Let. 27 Feb. in Ibid. 1607 Thimble rod and socket end of wipers lost... 50. 1875Knight Dict. Mech.
c. = windscreen wiper s.v. wind n. 32. Also attrib., as wiper blade, wiper switch.
1929Times 2 Nov. 4/7 The driver has an all-enclosed cab, with..a sloped adjustable screen, with a wiper, in front. 1942W. Faulkner Go down, Moses 337 It was the youngest face of them all,..staring sombrely through the streaming windshield across which the twin wipers flicked and flicked. 1953L. Durrell Balthazar iv. 67 The wind⁓screen became gradually snowed-up and he switched on the wipers to keep it clear. 1959Times 25 Sept. 8/2 Wiper blades dry the screen and then park automatically. 1970Motoring Which? July 93/1 On the 1800s and 1800Ss the lights or wiper switches collapsed in about one in four cars. 1976H. Kemelman Wednesday the Rabbi got Wet xiii. 80 It was coming down so fast that my wipers couldn't handle it.
3. One who or that which strikes or assails; in quots. applied to weapons. slang.
1611Beaum. & Fl. Philaster v. iv, I could hulk your Grace, and hang you up cross-leg'd, Like a Hare at a Poulters, and do this with this wiper. 1890Conan Doyle Sign of Four vii. 85, I have a wiper in this bag, an' I'll drop it on your 'ead if you don't hook it!.. Stand clear, for when I say ‘three’: down goes the wiper.
4. ‘A severe blow; also, a sharp rejoinder or taunt’ (Jam. 1882): = wipe n. 2, 3. slang or colloq.
1846James Step-mother lxv. III. 144, I say, Jack, that was a wiper you gave me between the eyes.
5. In machinery, a projecting piece fixed on a rotating or oscillating part, as an axle or wheel, and periodically communicating movement by a rubbing action to some other part; a cam, eccentric, or tappet; esp. one serving to lift a hammer, stamper, valve-rod, etc. which in the intervals falls by its own weight.
1796Abridgm. Specif. Patents, Weaving (1861) 31 The treadles are worked by ‘wipers’ fastened on the main shaft. 1806O. Gregory Treat. Mechanics II. 11 A great forge, where the engineer..formed the wipers into spirals, which communicated motion to the hammer almost without any jolt whatever. 1859Abridgm. Specif. Patents, Weaving 969 Over these treadles is a shaft carrying four double wypers containing two segments each.
attrib.1835Ure Philos. Manuf. 152 The upper roller is furnished with wiper-wings. 1839― Dict. Arts 367 The wooden wiper-rollers covered with flannel. 1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm II. 314 The steam is admitted both above and below the piston, by moving the slide with the handle of the wiper-shaft.
6. A pivoted arm that automatically rotates through an arc to make electrical contact with any of a curved row of terminals in a telephone exchange; also, the rotary or sliding contact of a potentiometer.
1906J. Poole Pract. Telephone Handbk. (ed. 3) xxx. 483 Opposite the lower part of each ‘bank’ a short arm is fitted, on the ends of which are 2 springs, which, when the rod is rotated, sweep over and under the strips of contacts, and are, therefore, called ‘wipers’... The circular ratchet teeth..enable the vertical rod with the wipers to be raised. 1926[see bank n.2 10 b]. 1969[see slide-wire s.v. slide- a]. 1975C. D. Todd Potentiometer Handbk. vii. 166/2 Many different variations of the mechanical means which moves the wiper across the resistive element are possible. 1976T. H. Flowers Introd. Exchange Systems iii. 82 In the L. M. Ericsson five-hundred-line switch, a stick carrying a set of wipers is rotated..to point in one of twenty-five angular directions,..then the stick is slid linearly outwards for the wipers to engage with one of twenty sets of fixed contacts.
7. Comb.: wiper arm = sense 6 above.
1933K. B. Miller Telephone Theory & Practice i. 2 The subscriber,..by sending the proper number of impulses over one of his line wires, could cause the wiper arm of his switch to step up to the row containing the contact of the line desired and then..to step around to engage the particular one. 1967D. Eadie Introd. Basic Computer xv. 348 A full-fledged analog multiplier..can be constructed if we take the pot just described and drive the wiper arm with a servomotor. |