| 释义 |
▪ I. † wis, n. Obs.
Also 4 wys.
[Usually in inflected form wisse, wysse: absol. use of OE. wis(s adj. certain, in advb. phr. (see below). Cf. iwis C.]
Phr. to wis(se), OE. tó wissum (for *tó (ᵹe)wissum þinge), mid wisse, occas. in wis: of a certainty, for certain. (Cf. wis adv.)
c1000ælfric Saints' Lives xvii. 174 Ac wite ᵹe to wissan þæt se wælhreowa deofol ne mæᵹ mannum derian. a1100Aldhelm Gloss. i. 420 (Napier 13/1) Præsertim, i. maxime, vel to wissan. Ibid. 1051 (29/1) Profecto, i. omnino, to wissum. a1200Moral Ode 236 Nute hi hweþer hom deþ wurs mid [v.r. to] neure nane wisse. c1200Ormin 8460 Godess enngell comm himm to & seȝȝde himm þa to wisse Whillc ende off Issraæless land He shollde þanne sekenn. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 25 Ac sunderlepes he is here fader mid wisse. c1250Gen. & Ex. 1515 Oc god him sente reed in wis Ðat he bilef in gerasis. c1380Sir Ferumb. 120 Y knowe him wel to wisse. Ibid. 3763 Ther is non of ȝow þat wot to wys Wather he ys quyke or ded.
▪ II. † wis, v.1 Obs.
Forms: 1 wissian, 2–3 wissien, (2 -ine), 3 wissi(n, wyssye, 3–5 wisse(n, 4 wiss, 4–5 wyssen, wis, 4–6 wys(se, 5 wyss. β. 5 wissh(e, wysshe, wysh, wish (wych), 5–6 wyshe, 6 Sc. wische.
[OE. wissian, f. wis certain (cf. wis n.) + -ian, -y2: a late formation on the model of the synonymous wísian wise v.1]
1. trans. To make known, give information of, indicate; esp. to show, point out (the way).
c1000ælfric Gen. xxxiii. 15 Ic bidde ðe þæt ðu nyme þe ladmenn of minum ᵹeferum ðæt þe weᵹas wission. a1250Prov. Alfred 29 in O.E. Misc. 104 He ou wolde wyssye wisliche þinges. a1300Cursor M. 25447 Lauerd..wiss me waies þare Þare santes has þair seli sete. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. vi. 24 Const þou wissen vs þe wey wher þat he dwelleþ? c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxxviii. (Adrian) 619, I sal wis ȝou þe rycht way. a1400–50Wars Alex. 689 Is oȝt þi werid to þe wissid [v.r. wist]? Ibid. 4997 And quat þou will of þaim to wete wis in þi saghe. c1440J. Capgrave Life St. Kath. v. 1929 Þat she may vs wisse A stedefast lore for to amende oure mysse. 1460Paston Lett. I. 518 If my feodaryes..may ought wisse therin, lete them se it.
βc1400Beryn 3290 Met I nevir creature þat me coude wissh or say Reedynes of my ffadir, dede othir a-lyve. c1460Towneley Myst. xv. 156 He that this warld began, wysh vs the way! 1535Lyndesay Satyre 1929 Wische me the richt way till Sanct-Androes.
b. Const. dependent interrog. clause.
c1000ælfric Saints' Lives v. 253 Se cræft sceolde wissian ᵹewisslice be steorrum hwæt ᵹehwilcum menn ᵹelumpe on his lifes endebyrdnysse. c1175Lamb. Hom. 37 He is iset bi-twihan god almihtin and þe for þe wissine hu þu scalt et god seolf habben þine sunne forȝeuene. c1325Spec. Gy Warw. 119 What it is i wole þe wisse. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. xii. 40 She wolde me wisse wher þe toun were. c1412Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 1245 Wisseth me how to gete a golden salue. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 2633 Þou may me wysse How lang þe kyngdome sall be hyss.
2. To show the way to (a person); to direct, guide; to lead, conduct (lit. or fig.). Also absol.
c1000ælfric Hom. I. 324 ælces mannes weorc cyðað hwilc gast hine wissað. a1023Wulfstan Hom. xix. (1883) 108 Þa ðe him betæhte sindon for gode to wissianne. c1175Lamb. Hom. 89 Godes ȝife us wissað [ælfric Hom. I. 312 ᵹewissað] to his willen. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 390/41 God..us leue..ore lif so wisse Þat we..comen to heouene blisse. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 9304 God..þat þam gun wysse Til mekenes. 1340–70Alisaunder 806 Amon þe grete God..Schall þee wisse fro wo. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 739 Þe knyȝt..To Mary made his mone, Þat ho..wysse hym to sum wone. c1425Engl. Conq. Ireland 95 He wissed the hors sydlynge ayeynes the watyr asquynt. c1425Seven Sag. (P.) 2366 Thy seven Clerkys, That wyssys the to wykkyd werkys. c1430Pistill of Susan 213 (Cott. MS.) Wylyly hyr wenches she wyssed a-way. c1440York Myst. i. 157 To all I sall wirke be ȝhe wysshyng. c1530Songs, Carols, etc. (E.E.T.S.) 51, & vertuosly me wysse to godward! c1550Wever Lusty Juventus (facs. Awdely) A ij b, I pray you wyshe me thether, For I am going to seeke them.
b. To manage, rule, govern, control.
c1000ælfric in Morris O.E. Hom. I. 302 Rex we cwæþað cyning, þæt is ᵹecweden wissiᵹend, forþam þe he sceal wissiᵹan mid wisdome his folce. c1205Lay. 5280 Þe sculden witen þat lond & wissien þa leoden. c1290Beket 1059 in S. Eng. Leg. 136 Vnneþe he miȝte with is hondene þeos þre þingus do; blessi þat folk and bere þe croiz and is bridel wisse. a1300Cursor M. 5292 Þe lauerd-hed of al his land To wiss and ledd. a1470Harding Chron. cxx. xxii. (1812) 232 He made duke Harold protectoure Of his cousyne, to gouerne and to wysse Edgar Athelyng.
3. with person as obj. (orig. dat.) and (freq.) inf. with to: To give directions or instructions to; to direct, order; to instruct, show how (to do something); also gen. to teach, instruct.
c1000ælfric Num. xxiii. 8 He witeᵹode þa, swa him wissode god. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 7 He..wisseþ us to leden ure lif on clennesse. a1300Cursor M. 17201 If þou wil werc als i þe wiss. Ibid. 20536 Thritti winter and sumdel mare, I lenged man to wiss in lare. c1374Chaucer Troylus i. 622 Thow koudest neuere yn loue þyn seluen wysse. 1399Langl. Rich. Redeles Prol. 31 For to written him a writte to wissen him better. a1400Morte Arth. 9 And wysse me to werpe owte some worde. 1486Bk. St. Albans e iv, And ye speke of the Bucke the fyrst yere he is A fawne sowkyng on his dam say, as I yow wis.
▪ III. wis, v.2 pseudo-arch.|wɪs|
Also 7 (3 pers. sing.) wisses, 9 wiss.
Orig. in I wis = iwis adv. (q.v.) erron. taken as = ‘I know’; hence occas. as a synonym of ‘know’ in other parts of the verb, being apprehended as the present of wist, pa. tense of wit v.1
[The following show various stages of corruption of iwis:—
1508Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen 37 Ane wes ane wedow, I wist. Ibid. 414 Now am I a wedow, I wise. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, iv. i. 180 And if I wish he did. But let it rest. 1614W. Browne Sheph. Pipe C 6, Better cannot be I wist, Descant on it he that list. 1615R. Brathwait Strappado 115 Strange the Proiect was I wish Of this Metamorphosis. 1798Coleridge Anc. Mar. iii. ii, It moved and moved, and took at last A certain shape, I wist. 1818Byron To Mr. Murray v, Tours, Travels, Essays, too, I wist, And Sermons to thy mill bring grist. 1893F. Thompson Poems 15 Wings, I wist, Whose amethyst Trepidations have forgone me. ]
1606Lyly's Euphues (1613) Y 1 b, You gall mee more with these tearmes then you wisse [ed. 1580 wist, 1597 wish]. 1642Milton Apol. Smect. 13 Where my morning haunts are he wisses not. [Cf. 1642 ? J. Hall Modest Confut. To Rdr. A iij b, Where his morning haunts are I wist not.] 1662A. Cooper Stratologia ii. 47 Morgan more valorous than hee wis'd or wil'd. 1803W. S. Rose Amadis 31 Full well I wiss To serve your princely will were perfect bliss. c1830Coleridge Alice Du Clos 77 And, bonny boy, you wis, Lord Julian is a hasty man. 1844Mrs. Browning Rom. Page xxiii, In the dark chambère, if the bride was fair, Ye wis, I could not see.
▪ IV. † wis, adv. Obs.
Also 3–4 wiss, 4–5 wys, 6 wusse.
[Aphetic form of iwis, q.v. (cf. wis n.).]
Certainly, assuredly.
c1200Ormin 2866 Wiss to soþe. Ibid. 7410 Þeȝȝ sindenn wiss hundess & swin Þurrh þeȝȝre laþe sinness. a1225Ancr. R. 38 Alse wis ase iðen ilke flesche þet he nom of þe nes neuer sunne [etc.]. a1300Cursor M. 1863 Þat mighti king, ful son and wiss, Did turn þair baret in-to blis. c1330Amis & Amil. 1292 The steward swore the pople among, As wis as he seyd no wrong, God help him at his nede! c1386Chaucer Frankl. T. 742 God helpe me so as wys This is to muche. 1390Gower Conf. II. 276 Als so wiss mot I be schrive. c1400Rom. Rose 6433 God so wys be my socour [orig. si m'aist Diex]. 1598B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. i. i, Kno. Why, I hope you will not a hawking now, will you? Ste. No wusse.
▪ V. wis
obs. f. wise; obs. Sc. f. wish. |